Effects of EDTA on the uptake of micronutrient metals by oats from an organic soil

1958 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
RS Beckwith
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Content ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Manganese Uptake ◽  
Edta Complexes ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Anionic Metal Complexes ◽  
Limed Soil ◽  
Do So

It has been shown, in a pot, culture trial, that the addition of EDTA to a neutral, manganese-deficient, organic soil increased the uptake of native manganese by oats. However, manganese uptake from large additions of manganous sulphate was lowered in the presence of EDTX. EDTA increased the uptake of iron and copper from this soil by oats at all yield levels. No increase in uptake of iron, copper, or manganese occurred if EDTA was added to the same soil limed to pH 8. These results are discussed in relation to other reports of the effect of EDTA on plant uptake of micronutrient metals from solution and from soils. It is pointed out that aluminium may replace divalent metals in EDTA complexes added to soils. Such substitution might occur more rapidly at pH 8 than at pH 6-7 because of the larger amount of aluminium in solution at the higher pH. It is suggested that this reaction may explain the failure of EDTA to increase uptake of micronutrient metals from the limed soil in these experiments. Uptake of copper and iron from the untimed s oil, in both presence and absence of added EDTA, appears to be linearly related to total transpiration of the oats during their growth. It is thought that this may reflect the dependence of oats in this soil on soluble anionic metal complexes brought to the roots with soil moisture. In a second pot experiment, uptake of added manganese was increased by EDTA added 3-4 weeks after the manganous sulphate. In this case the manganous sulphate would have been mostly oxidized when the EDTA was added. It is suggested that EDTA may speed up the biological oxidation of manganous salts in neutral soils. If this were so, plants not treated with EDTA in the first experiment might have absorbed more added manganese early in their growth and maintained a higher manganese content throughout the season than plants treated with EDTA. In the second experiment, the effect of EDTA on manganese oxidation would be largely eliminated, and the effect in increasing water-soluble manganese in the soil mould become discernible. In this second experiment, EDTA prevented the occurrence of grey speck disease, whereas addition of hydroquinoue failed to do so. Nevertheless ,plants treated with hydroquinone contained as much manganese as, or more than, those treated with EDTX. This result is discussed in relation to the "manganese requirement," of oats.

EFFECTS OF LIME ON SOME CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS, NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY, AND CROP RESPONSE OF A NEWLY BROKEN ORGANIC SOIL

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
HERMAN A. HAMILTON ◽  
R. BERNIER
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Content ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Complete Failure ◽  
Complete Fertilizer ◽  
Opening Up

Under field conditions, an acid, virgin, organic soil was subjected to liming at increasing rates with and without a complete fertilizer. Using potatoes, onions, and carrots as vegetable crops on first breaking the land, there was a complete failure of the onion and carrot crops despite the use of limestone, and N–P–K at 56–56–112 kg/ha, respectively. Potatoes, on the other hand, responded to both lime and fertilizer. On the subsequent addition of micronutrients (Cu, Mn, Zn, B, and Mo) to the experimental area, onions and carrots were most responsive to lime as well as N, P, and K. Liming caused a considerable decrease in the native water-soluble phosphorus of the soil as well as a decrease in the manganese content of potato leaf tissue. This decrease in manganese content was intensified on the further addition of N, P, and K. In the absence of liming, soil pH increased from 3.20 to 3.93 merely by opening up the land to cultivation. The fact that different vegetables have varying and different micronutrient requirements appears to be a most important factor in the suitability of the crop used on virgin organic soils of intense acidity.

The Iron, Copper, and Manganese Content of California Prunes

1934 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-293
Author(s):  
L G Saywell ◽  
W H Dietz ◽  
P D Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Content ◽  
Iron Copper

The effect of over 50 years of liming on soil aluminium forms in a Retisol

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Kryzevicius ◽  
D. Karcauskiene ◽  
E. Álvarez-Rodríguez ◽  
A. Zukauskaite ◽  
A. Slepetiene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Limed Soil

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of long-term (56 years) liming on changes in soil pH and aluminium (Al) forms in the soil profile compared with an unlimed soil in a sandy moraine loam of a Dystric Glossic Retisol. Long-term liming had a significant influence on soil acidity of the whole profile, causing increased pH values in the following horizons to 120 cm depth: the ploughing horizon (Ahp), where humus accumulates; the eluvial horizon (E), from which clay particles are leached; a horizon having retic properties and predominantly coarser-textured albic material (E/B); and a horizon with retic properties and predominantly finer-textured argic material (B/E). In the solid phase, non-crystalline Al in limed soil decreased in the Ahp horizon; meanwhile a decrease in total organically bound Al (Alp) and organo–Al complexes of low to medium stability was detected in the deeper El and ElBt horizons. High-stability Al complexes with organic matter were the predominant form of Alp in the unlimed and limed whole soil profile. The concentration of total water-soluble Al ranged from 0.61 to 0.80 mg/l in the limed soil profile but 0.62–1.15 mg/l in the unlimed soil. The highest concentration of exchangeable Al was determined in the upper horizons of the unlimed soil profile and the concentration decreased significantly in the same horizons of the limed soil profile. Long-term liming promoted changes in Al compounds throughout the soil profile.

The Iron Content of the Human Brain.—II

1938 ◽  
Vol 84 (353) ◽  
pp. 980-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Tingey
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Iron Copper

In a previous paper (1) the iron, copper and manganese content of the human brain were recorded, with special reference to the G.P.I. cortex, which in certain cases contained an excess of both total and “available” (i.e., non-hæmatin) iron.

scholarly journals Warning Signals Influence Motor Processing

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 1600-1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian H. Fecteau ◽  
Douglas P. Munoz
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Warning Signal ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Target Task ◽  
Motor Processing ◽  
Fixation Marker ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Do So

When observers initiate responses to visual targets, they do so sooner when a preceding stimulus indicates that the target will appear shortly. This consequence of a warning signal may change neural activity in one of four ways. On the sensory side, the warning signal may speed up the rate at which the target is registered by the brain or enhance the magnitude of its signal. On the motor end, the warning signal may lower the threshold required to initiate a response or speed up the rate at which activity accumulates to reach threshold. Here, we describe which explanation is better supported. To accomplish this end, monkeys performed different versions of a cue-target task while we monitored the activity of visuomotor and motor neurons in the superior colliculus. Although the cue target task was designed to measure the properties of reflexive spatial attention, there are two events in this task that produce nonspecific warning effects: a central reorienting event (brightening of central fixation marker) that is used to direct attention away from the cue, and the presentation of the cue itself. Monopolizing on these tendencies, we show that warning effects are associated with several changes in neural activity: the target-related response is enhanced, the threshold for initiating a saccade is lowered, and the rate at which activity accumulates toward threshold rises faster. Ultimately, the accumulation of activity toward threshold predicted behavior most closely. In the discussion, we describe the implications and limitations of these data for theories of warning effects and potential avenues for future research.

Effects of calcium carbonate and ammonium sulphate on manganese toxicity in an acid soil

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Siman ◽  
FW Crodock ◽  
PJ Nicholls ◽  
HC Kirton
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Manganese Toxicity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
Linear Relationships

The effects of increasing rates of lime and ammonium sulphate on French beans were studied on an acid red basaltic soil (pH 4.5-4.8), rich in manganese, on the north coast of New South Wales. Addition of lime resulted in an increased plant yield, a higher soil pH, and a marked reduction in available soil manganese and plant manganese. Applications of 2 or more tons lime per acre corrected manganese toxicity. Ammonium sulphate applications acidified the soil, increased manganese levels in both soil and plant tissue, and increased the frequency of manganese toxicity symptoms at less than 2 tons lime per acre. At pH 4.7-4.8, exchangeable and water-soluble manganese levels were sensitive to slight changes in reaction. Changes in pH between 5.2 and 6.0 caused only slight alterations in manganese levels in soil and plants. Two tons lime per acre reduced the level of manganese in the soil to about half that in the untreated soil, whereas 3 tons lime was necessary to halve the level of manganese in plants. Close linear relationships were found between rates of lime application and pH, between exchangeable and water-soluble manganese, and between both water-soluble and exchangeable soil manganese and plant manganese. Hyperbolic relationships were found between lime and manganese in soil and plants and also between pH and manganese fractions. Toxic levels of manganese in soil and leaves varied seasonally and yearly, and symptoms usually appeared when the manganese content of the first mature leaves was greater than 600 p.p.m. in the winter crop. Symptoms were more closely related to high levels of plant manganese than to soil manganese. The results of this trial indicate that soil and plant analyses are useful for predicting manganese toxicity in acid soils.

scholarly journals Seeds integrate biological information about conspecific and allospecific neighbours

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1857) ◽  
pp. 20170800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Yamawo ◽  
Hiromi Mukai
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Plantago Asiatica ◽  
Adaptive Behaviours ◽  
Do So

Numerous organisms integrate information from multiple sources and express adaptive behaviours, but how they do so at different developmental stages remains to be identified. Seeds, which are the embryonic stage of plants, need to make decisions about the timing of emergence in response to environmental cues related to survival. We investigated the timing of emergence of Plantago asiatica (Plantaginaceae) seed while manipulating the presence of Trifolium repens seed and the relatedness of neighbouring P. asiatica seed. The relatedness of neighbouring P. asiatica seed and the presence of seeds of T. repens did not on their own influence the timing of P. asiatica emergence. However, when encountering a T. repens seed, a P. asiatica seed emerged faster in the presence of a sibling seed than in the presence of a non-sibling seed. Water extracts of seeds gave the same result. We show that P. asiatica seeds integrate information about the relatedness of neighbouring P. asiatica seeds and the presence of seeds of a different species via water-soluble chemicals and adjust their emergence behaviour in response. These findings suggest the presence of kin-dependent interspecific interactions.

The nature of interference potential of Kalmiaangustifolia

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1899-1904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inderjit Inderjit ◽  
A.U. Mallik
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Soluble Phenolics ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Rule Out

The nature of interference potential of Kalmiaangustifolia L., a boreal forest understorey shrub, was investigated in laboratory experiments. Organic and mineral soils, not previously associated with Kalmia, were amended with different quantities of its leaf litter and leaf litter leachates. The objectives of the study were (i) to determine changes in soil chemistry after amending with Kalmia and (ii) to determine the effect of amendment on growth of black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) BSP) seedlings. All soils were analyzed for pH, organic matter, PO4−, N, Ba, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ca, Na, K, Mg, Al, and total phenolics. Chemical characteristics of both organic and mineral soils were significantly changed. Water-soluble phenolics in one of the amended organic soils were significantly higher than in unamended organic soil. However, all of the amended mineral soils had significantly higher total phenolic contents than unamended control soils. A linear decrease in N content was observed in amended organic and mineral soils with increasing quantities of Kalmia leaf litter. Amended mineral soils had higher concentrations of Fe, Mn, Al, and PO4− than the control. We relate higher accumulations of PO4−, Fe, Mn, and Al in amended mineral soils to higher soil phenolic contents. Amendment of organic and mineral soils significantly reduced the root and shoot growth of black spruce. This study demonstrates that Kalmia has potential for nutrient interference and does not rule out allelopathic effects of Kalmia to black spruce seedling growth.

scholarly journals Types and Location of Calcium Oxalate Crystals in Dieffen-bachia Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 835C-835
Author(s):  
Hui Cao ◽  
Hui Cao ◽  
Dennis B. McConnell ◽  
Jianjun Chen*
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Plant Organ ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Crystal Density ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Location Type ◽  
Do So

The irritant effect of Dieffenbachia sap is attributed to protelytic enxymes but calcium oxalate crystals are considered to puncture cells and allow enzyme entrance. To date, no detailed study of the location, type, or frequency of calcium oxalate crystals in Dieffenbachia species or cultivars has been undertaken. To do so, three uniform tissue culture plantlets of Dieffenbachia `Carina',`Rebecca' or `Star Bright' were transpanted into 15 cm pots, grown in a shaded greenhouse under 385 μmol·m-2·s-1 and fertigated with 20 N-8.7 P-16.6 K water-soluble fertilizer at N concentrations of 200 mg·L-1 twice weekly. Ten weeks later, samples of stem, root, and leaves were taken from 4 pots of each cultivar to determine the distribution and type of calcuium oxalate crystals in each plant organ via polarized light microscopy. Two types of calcium oxlate crystals, raphides and druses, were found in the stem, leaves and roots. Druse density increased as leaves andd stems matured while the number of raphide idioblasts remained relatively constant. Crystal density was highest at lateral initation sites of buds and roots. Significant differences were found in crystal density among cultivars even though `Carina' and `Star Bright' are sports selected from `Camille'. This suggests that reduction of calcium oxalate density of Dieffenbachia cultivars is possible through breeding.

scholarly journals APCs in the Wild: could monitoring and tracking of OA payments help speed up the transition to OA?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mithu Lucraft
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Complete Picture ◽  
Adequate Funding ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Do So

Accelerating progress towards full and immediate open access (OA) is reliant on being able to source adequate funding to cover the costs of gold OA. Monitoring and tracking OA payments has created a complex and challenging role for institutions, but is crucial in order to understand the complete picture of the cost of OA. Whilst some institutions have developed methods to monitor OA payments, there remain a high number of "APCs in the wild", or APC payments whose origins are difficult to track. In this presentation we will summarise research Springer Nature has undertaken to explore the tracking and monitoring of APC payments, including interviews and a survey of global librarians, and data from Springer Nature authors to better understand the sources of APC funding, and the motivations and challenges concerning the monitoring of APCs. We will focus on feedback from institutions on the routes to implement better tracking, and on the noted benefits of being able to do so in enabling a faster transition to OA.  

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