Growth responses of cool-season grain legumes to transient waterlogging

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Solaiman ◽  
T. D. Colmer ◽  
S. P. Loss ◽  
B. D. Thomson ◽  
K. H. M. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Root Porosity ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Gas Volume

Transient waterlogging reduces the yield of cool-season grain legumes in several parts of the world. The tolerance of grain legumes to waterlogging may vary between and within species. This study investigated the effects of 7 days of waterlogging and subsequent recovery (10 days) on plant growth to evaluate the variation in tolerance among 7 cool-season grain legume species, in sand culture in glasshouse experiments. Additionally waterlogging tolerance of 6 faba bean genotypes was also evaluated. Tolerance to waterlogging as indicated by root and shoot growth (as % of drained controls) was ranked as follows: faba bean > yellow lupin > grass pea > narrow-leafed lupin > chickpea > lentil > field pea. Faba bean produced adventitious roots and aerenchyma leading to increased root porosity (9% gas volume per unit root volume). Among the 6 faba bean genotypes screened, accession 794 showed the best waterlogging tolerance, but it was also the slowest growing accession, which might have contributed to apparent tolerance (i.e. growth as % drained control). It is concluded that waterlogging tolerance in grain legumes varied between and within species, with faba bean being the most tolerant. The variation in tolerance identified within the limited set of faba bean genotypes evaluated suggests scope for further genetic improvement of tolerance in this species.

Comparison of winter cereal, oilseed and grain legume crops on the Darling Downs, Queensland

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Harbison ◽  
BD Hall ◽  
RGH Nielsen ◽  
WM Strong
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Pod Shattering ◽  
Cereal Grain

Performances of 18 winter cereal, grain legume and oilseed crops were compared on the Darling Downs in 1976 using cultural practices appropriate for each. All crops, except for faba bean, which had a lower population than desired, established satisfactorily. The season was characterised by twice the average number (55) of heavy frosts, although only safflower appeared to be adversely affected. Heavy rain around maturity caused lodging of the prostrate crops lathyrus and field pea, some pod shattering of most grain legumes, and delays in machine-harvest, due to waterlogging, of almost all crops. Barley and canary seed were affected by powdery mildew during August and early September but recovered after rain in mid-September. Later rainfall promoted the diseases Alternaria carthami in safflower and Puccinia sp. in vetch, reducing grain yields in both crops. Except for chickpea, all grain legumes nodulated effectively. Lathyrus produced more larger ( >3 mm diameter) nodules than any other grain legume while lentil and vetch had many small (<2 mm) nodules. At floral initiation, more herbage DM was produced by triticale and oats than all other crops except barley and fieldpea. The most productive grain legumes were fieldpea, lathyrus and lentil. All oilseeds produced similar quantities of herbage DM, which were greater than those for grain legumes but less than those for cereals. Nitrogen concentration in herbage increased in the order: cereals < oilseeds <grain legumes. Machine-harvested grain yields of cereals were generally higher than those of oilseeds or grain legumes but delayed harvest caused large grain losses for many oilseeds and grain legumes. Pod shattering and crop lodging caused large yield losses in rapeseed and field peas, respectively. Lupins (cv. Ultra) produced more harvestable grain (1.6 t/ha) than any other grain legume, rapeseed, safflower or canary seed. An even higher grain yield (3.9 t/ha) was measured at a nearby site on an acid soil. Of the other grain legumes, lentil and lathyrus appear to be poorly adapted for this region while faba bean and vetch appear moderately well suited.

scholarly journals ​Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.), A Promising Grain Legume Crop of Bangladesh: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapan Kumar Paul ◽  
Dipali Rani Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
The World ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Ecosystem Benefits

Faba bean is one of the multi-purpose oldest crop which is used as a source of dietary protein in human, as fodder and forage for livestock, feed for poultry and for available nitrogen for the biosphere. It is cool season grain legume that is grown in large areas in various countries in the world including a limited locality in Bangladesh. Diverse ecosystem benefits are expected from inclusion faba bean in cropping systems. This article reviews the published work mentioning potential uses of faba bean world-wide, challenges and its cultivation possibilities in Bangladesh.

Salinity and waterlogging tolerance amongst accessions of messina (Melilotus siculus)

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Rogers ◽  
T. D. Colmer ◽  
P. G. H. Nichols ◽  
S. J. Hughes ◽  
K. Frost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Root Porosity ◽  
Good Tolerance ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Gas Volume

Melilotus siculus (common name messina) has shown potential as a productive annual forage legume in saline and waterlogged areas in temperate Australia. The salt and waterlogging tolerances of 30 M. siculus accessions were evaluated at germination and as established plants. Many accessions germinated at 240 mm NaCl, but germination was <15% at 320 mm NaCl. In vegetative plants, accessions differed in the degree of growth reduction at 300 mm NaCl, with some producing >90%, but others <20%, of non-saline controls. A negative relationship (r = 0.47, P < 0.001) was found between dry weight under non-saline conditions and relative salt tolerance (i.e. salt-treated as % of controls). Concentrations of Cl– and Na+ in shoots of all accessions increased significantly with increasing NaCl in the medium, although these differed among accessions. No relationships were found between shoot Cl–, Na+, or K+ concentrations and relative salt tolerance at 300 mm NaCl, whereas net K+ : Na+ selectivity to shoots was positively correlated with relative salt tolerance (r = 0.30, P = 0.1). All accessions showed good tolerance to stagnant, O2-deficient conditions in the root medium, and shoot growth was not reduced by >20% in any accession. Root porosity (% gas volume/root volume) in both the main and lateral roots increased in all accessions when in stagnant medium, but accessions differed in root porosity. Lateral root porosity was not, however, correlated with either shoot dry weight or root dry weight in stagnant conditions. No single accession of M. siculus had the highest tolerance to saline conditions both at germination and the vegetative stage, but some accessions (e.g. SA 40002 and SA 40004) performed consistently well under saline and waterlogged conditions. Further research and selection is warranted on these accessions with the aim to release a cultivar.

Evaluation of root porosity and radial oxygen loss of disomic addition lines of Hordeum marinum in wheat

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Konnerup ◽  
A. l. Imran Malik ◽  
A. K. M. R. Islam ◽  
Timothy David Colmer
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Radial Oxygen Loss ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Root Porosity ◽  
Oxygen Loss ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Disomic Addition Lines ◽  
Gas Volume ◽  
Root Aeration

Hordeum marinum Huds. is a waterlogging-tolerant wild relative of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Greater root porosity (gas volume per root volume) and formation of a barrier to reduce root radial O2 loss (ROL) contribute to the waterlogging tolerance of H. marinum and these traits are evident in some H. marinum–wheat amphiploids. We evaluated root porosity, ROL patterns and tolerance to hypoxic stagnant conditions for 10 various H. marinum (two accessions) disomic chromosome addition (DA) lines in wheat (two varieties), produced from two H. marinum–wheat amphiploids and their recurrent wheat parents. None of the DA lines had a barrier to ROL or higher root porosity than the wheat parents. Lack of a root ROL barrier in the six DA lines for H. marinum accession H21 in Chinese Spring (CS) wheat indicates that the gene(s) for this trait do not reside on one of these six chromosomes; unfortunately, chromosome 3 of H. marinum has not been isolated in CS. Unlike the H21–CS amphiploid, which formed a partial ROL barrier in roots, the H90–Westonia amphiploid and the four derived DA lines available did not. The unaltered root aeration traits in the available DA lines challenge the strategy of using H. marinum as a donor of these traits to wheat.

A note on the words in the Baltic languages for some of the most ancient European grain legume crops

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Mikic
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
Legume Crops ◽  
The Baltic

AbstractThe words denoting the most ancient European grain legumes, such as ‘pea’, ‘lentil’ or ‘faba bean’, in both extinct and living Baltic languages confirm that these crops were cultivated among the ancestors of the modern Lithuanians and Latvians. The words denoting ‘pea’, such as Lithuanian žirnis and Latvian zirņi, are derived from the Proto-Baltic *žir̂n-ia- and the Proto-Indo-European *g'er[a]n-, denoting grain. The Proto-Indo-European root denoting ‘lentil’, *lent-, gave the Proto-Baltic *leñšia- and the modern Lithuanian lęšis and the Latvian lēca. The linguistic evidence confirms that the Old Balts transferred both grain legume crops and their names to their Finno-Ugric neighbours.

Grain yield and cadmium concentration of a range of grain legume species grown on two soil types at Merredin, Western Australia

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Brennan ◽  
R. J. French
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Yellow Lupin

Five grain legumes species, narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), field pea (Pisum sativum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), and yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.), were grown on 2 soil types, a red clay and red duplex soil, in the < 400 mm rainfall district of Western Australia. The study showed that chickpea, field pea and faba bean accumulated less cadmium (Cd) in dried shoots and grain than narrow-leafed lupin. Yellow lupin had Cd concentrations ~3 times higher in dried shoots and ~9 times higher in grain than narrow-leafed lupin. For both experiments, the ranking (lowest to highest) of mean Cd concentration (mg Cd/kg) in the grain was: chickpea (0.017) < field pea (0.024) = faba bean (0.024) < narrow-leafed lupin (0.033) < yellow lupin (0.300).

scholarly journals Agroinfiltration for transient gene expression and characterisation of fungal pathogen effectors in cool-season grain legume hosts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes W. Debler ◽  
Bernadette M. Henares ◽  
Robert C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Transient Gene Expression ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Pathogen Effectors ◽  
Green Fluorescent

Abstract Key message Modified pEAQ-HT-DEST1 vectors were used for agroinfiltration in legumes. We demonstrate protein expression and export in pea, lentil, and faba bean; however, the method for chickpea was not successful. Abstract Agroinfiltration is a valuable research method for investigating virulence and avirulence effector proteins from pathogens and pests, where heterologous effector proteins are transiently expressed in plant leaves and hypersensitive necrosis responses and other effector functions can be assessed. Nicotiana benthamiana is widely used for agroinfiltration and the characterisation of broad-spectrum effectors. The method has also been used in other plant species including field pea, but not yet developed for chickpea, lentil, or faba bean. Here, we have modified the pEAQ-HT-DEST1 vector for expression of 6 × histidine-tagged green-fluorescent protein (GFP) and the known necrosis-inducing broad-spectrum effector necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide (Nep1)-like protein (NLP). Modified pEAQ-based vectors were adapted to encode signal peptide sequences for apoplast targeting of expressed proteins. We used confocal microscopy to assess the level of GFP expression in agroinfiltrated leaves. While at 3 days after infiltration in N. benthamiana, GFP was expressed at a relatively high level, expression in field pea and faba bean at the same time point was relatively low. In lentil, an expression level of GFP similar to field pea and faba bean at 3 days was only observed after 5 days. Chickpea leaf cells were transformed at low frequency and agroinfiltration was concluded to not be successful for chickpea. We concluded that the pEAQ vector is suitable for testing host-specific effectors in field pea, lentil, and faba bean, but low transformation efficiency limits the utility of the method for chickpea.

scholarly journals Feed legumes for truly sustainable crop-animal systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Annicchiarico
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Feed Protein

Legume cultivation has sharply decreased in Italy during the last 50 years. Lucerne remains widely grown (with about 12% of its area devoted to dehydration), whereas soybean is definitely the most-grown grain legume. Poor legume cropping is mainly due to the gap in yielding ability with major cereals, which has widened up in time according to statistical data. Lucerne displays definitely higher crude protein yield and somewhat lower economic gap with benchmark cereals than feed grain legumes. Pea because of high feed energy production per unit area and rate of genetic progress, and white lupin because of high protein yield per unit area, are particularly interesting for Italian rain-fed environments. Greater legume cultivation in Europe is urged by the need for reducing energy and green-house gas emissions and excessive and unbalanced global N flows through greater symbiotic N fixation and more integrated crop-animal production, as well as to cope with ongoing and perspective raising prices of feed proteins and N fertilisers and insecurity of feed protein supplies. The transition towards greater legume cultivation requires focused research effort, comprehensive stakeholder cooperation and fair economic compensation for legume environmental services, with a key role for genetic improvement dragged by public breeding or pre-breeding. New opportunities for yield improvement arise from the ongoing development of cost-efficient genome-enabled selection procedures, enhanced adaptation to specific cropping conditions via ecophysiological and evolutionary-based approaches, and more thorough exploitation of global genetic resources.

HAIRY ROOT TRANSFORMATION SYSTEM IN LARGE-SEEDED GRAIN LEGUMES

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.J. Siefkes-Boer ◽  
M.J. Noonan ◽  
D.W. Bullock ◽  
A.J. Conner
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Hairy Root ◽  
Hairy Roots ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Transformation System ◽  
Root Transformation ◽  
Specific Strain ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Root Size

Hairy roots were produced on faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) plants by inoculation with Agrobacterium root-inducing strains. Examination of 14 plant genotypes and eight Agrobacterium strains in all possible combinations revealed specific strain/genotype interactions. Hairy root size and morphology differed substantially between faba bean and chickpea hairy roots. Sixty percent of chickpea hairy roots were 10–15 mm in length and forty percent, 15–25 mm. All were <1.0 mm in thickness. Sixty-three percent of faba bean hairy roots were 15–25 mm long and thirty-seven percent, 25–40 mm. All faba bean hairy roots were between 1.0 and 1.5 mm in thickness.

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