Agronomic evaluation of a tiller inhibition gene (tin) in wheat. I. Effect on yield, yield components, and grain protein

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Duggan ◽  
R. A. Richards ◽  
A. F. van Herwaarden ◽  
N. A. Fettell
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Productive Tiller ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Yield Penalty

Reduced tillering cereals have been proposed as being advantageous under terminal drought conditions through their reported reduction in non-productive tiller number and reduced soil water use prior to anthesis. This study was conducted to determine whether wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines containing the tiller inhibition (tin) gene have a yield penalty over their commercial near-isogenic counterparts. A terminal drought was experienced in all experiments. The effects of the tin gene were investigated in 4 different near-isogenic pairs of lines grown at 2 sowing densities at 4 locations in the eastern Australian wheatbelt over a 3-year period. Averaged over all experiments and lines, grain yield was unaffected by the presence of the tin gene. However, the highest yielding line contained the tin gene and its yield was 5% higher than all other lines. Averaged across the different genetic backgrounds, the tin gene decreased fertile spike number by 11%, increased the number of kernels/spike by 9%, and there was a 2% increase in kernel weight. The tin gene increased the harvest index by an average of 0.02, whereas above-ground biomass was reduced by 7%. Increasing sowing density from 50 to 100 kg/ha had little influence on yield or yield-related characteristics in both the restricted tillering and freely tillering lines. There was an interaction between sowing rate and the presence of the tin gene on yield, with tin lines yielding 0.2 t/ha more than the freely tillering lines at the higher sowing rate, whereas there was no effect at the lower sowing rate. The response of several lines containing the tin gene to nitrogen fertiliser was also investigated at 2 sites. Nitrogen increased spike number in all lines but the number remained around 20% less than in the freely tillering cultivars. The yield of wheat lines containing the tin gene was 6% greater than their near-isogenic pairs where nitrogen status was high in the presence of terminal drought. Grain protein concentration was unaffected by the presence of the tin gene at high grain protein sites, whereas at lower grain protein sites it had a positive effect.

scholarly journals Expected genetic gains from mono trait and indexbased selection in advanced bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 9131-9141
Author(s):  
Zine El Abidine Fellahi ◽  
Abderrahmane Hannachi ◽  
Hamenna Bouzerzour
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Selection Of

This study aimed at evaluating the expected gains from selection obtained based upon direct, indirect, and index-based selection in a set of 599 bread wheat lines. The experiment was carried out at the experimental field of INRAA institute, Setif research unit (Algeria), in a Federer augmented block design including three controls. A wide range of genetic variability was observed among lines for the eleven traits assessed. The results indicated that index-based selection and selection based on grain yield expressed higher expected genetic gain than direct and indirect mono-trait-based selection. The best 15 selected lines exhibited higher grain yield than the control varieties, and they were clustered in three groups that contrasted mainly for the flag-leaf area, thousand-kernel weight, biomass, and harvest index. The index-based selection appears as a useful tool for the rapid selection of early filial generations, enriching selected breeding materials with desirable alleles and reducing the number of years required to combine these traits in elite varieties.

EFFECT OF TIME OF APPLICATION OF HERBICIDES ON YIELD OF THREE WINTER WHEAT CULTIVARS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. IVANY ◽  
H. G. NASS ◽  
J. B. SANDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Determine Effect

In field experiments at Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, herbicides were applied in the fall or spring on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to determine effect on yield. Application of 2,4-D or the mixture 2,4-D/mecoprop/dicamba in the fall gave significantly lower yields than when spring-applied on the cultivar Lennox. The herbicides MCPA, bromoxynil, dicamba, mecoprop, chlorsulfuron, MCPA/dicamba, and MCPA/bromoxynil had no adverse effect on yield of Lennox at either time of application. A further study on the cultivars Lennox, F29-76, and Borden using the herbicides MCPA, bromoxynil, MCPA/dicamba, chlorsulfuron, and dicamba showed no detrimental effects on 1000 kernel weight, or percent winter survival from fall or spring application. Yield losses were noted for spring application of dicamba but not for MCPA/dicamba and all cultivars responded similarly to all herbicide treatments.Key words: Wheat (winter) cultivars, fall versus spring application, 2,4-D, MCPA, dicamba, bromoxynil, chlorsulfuron

VALOR, A WINTER FEED WHEAT FOR THE MARITIMES

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. SAMPSON ◽  
H. G. NASS
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Yield Test

Valor is a new, medium-hard, red winter feed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that is adapted to the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Valor was licensed in July 1981. Compared with Lennox, the principal winter wheat of the area, Valor has slightly higher yield, test weight and 1000-kernel weight, as well as greater winter survival and more resistance to powdery mildew. Valor has slightly weaker straw and lower grain protein.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF ANCESTRAL AND MODERN CANADIAN SPRING WHEATS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. HUCL ◽  
R. J. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Spike Number

Spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) representing a century of crop breeding effort were evaluated in three rain-fed environments to determine which yield-related traits have been altered over time. Plant height and the length of the vegetative growth phase were shortened during the pre-Thatcher era. Spikelet number has been reduced but kernel weight increased during the period of cultivar development discussed herein. Tiller production has changed little since the turn of the century while spike number has been reduced slightly in the post-Thatcher period. Harvest indices increased with the introduction of Thatcher, but neither that trait nor crop grain yield have undergone consistent improvements since the 1930s. A significant cultivar × environment interaction resulted from adverse environment having a greater negative impact on grain yield of the older cultivars Red Fife and Marquis relative to their descendents. HY320, representing a potential new market class (Canadian Prairie Spring), yielded 25% more than standard height cultivars due to a higher biological yield and harvest index. Crop and spike grain yields were associated with kernel number/spike (r = 0.78,0.75) and days to spike emergence (r = 0.50,0.55), suggesting that high grain yield in this material is a function of maturity-dependent kernel production. Future improvements in grain yield might result from selection for higher harvest index since the latter trait is positively correlated with yield (r = 0.63) but not associated with maturity (−0.17).Key words: Old cultivars, spring wheat, yield components, harvest index, cultivar × environment interaction

scholarly journals Impact of nitrogen topdressing on the quality parameters of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-253
Author(s):  
A. Eser ◽  
K.M. Kassai ◽  
H. Kato ◽  
V. Kunos ◽  
A. Tarnava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Untreated Plot ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wide Range

Scope of the study was to find more effective N fertilisation doses and applications to reach not only higher quantity but better quality grains as well as to be able to help preserving the continuity of feed and food quality improvement, since wheat is one of the most consumed crops all over the world.Samples of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties harvested from the experimental field of the Szent István University in two consecutive crop seasons had been examined in the laboratory of the Crop Production Institute. Effects of nitrogen (N) application on the performance of grain protein were tested. Five high quality winter wheat varieties were studied regarding grain quality traits affected by applying undivided and split doses of N. The evaluated samples show that increasing doses of N topdressing and increasing time of application have beneficial effects on the yield and the value of protein content. Wheat grain protein value ranged between 9.9% of the untreated Mv Karéj and Alföld, where the 120+40 kg ha-1 N was applied resulting in the highest value of 16.0%. Similarly, the gluten values among untreated and N applied plots were in a wide range. Mv Karéj had the lowest wheat gluten value on untreated plot with 18.4% and Alfold had the highest value with 36.8% on the plot where the 120+40 kg ha-1 N was applied. There were no significant changes recorded on test weight and thousand kernel weight. In the case of baking quality, there were significant differences between varieties. The best records were obtained in the case of Mv Toborzö followed by Mv Karéj.

EFFECTS OF SEEDING DATE, SEED TREATMENT AND FOLIAR SPRAYS ON YIELD AND OTHER AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS OF WHEAT, OATS AND BARLEY

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. NASS ◽  
H. W. JOHNSTON ◽  
J. A. MACLEOD ◽  
J. D. E. STERLING
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Large Yield ◽  
Crop Maturity

Late seeding of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), oats (Avena sativa L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in the spring resulted in large yield reductions, which involved decreased hectoliter weight, 1,000-kernel weight and grain protein yield, increased disease severity and delayed crop maturity. Seed treatment with Vitaflo increased the yield of Keystone barley by an average of 301 kg/ha for all seeding dates during the 2 yr of the study. The seed treatment also increased yield of Garry oats and Opal wheat and increased emergence of oats and barley seedlings. Seedling emergence of wheat was not affected. At several seeding dates, hectoliter weight, kernel weight and grain protein yield of the three crops were increased by seed treatment. Four to six spray applications of Manzate during the growing season increased the average yields of oats and barley at the last three seedings in 1973 by 390 and 554 kg/ha respectively. Spraying with Manzate also increased hectoliter weight and kernel weight, and reduced lodging for both crops. Early seeding appears to be the best way of minimizing the effects of cereal diseases in the Atlantic Region.

scholarly journals THE PROMOTER REGION POLYMORPHISM OF THE TASAP-A1 GENE IN THE COLLECTION OF WINTER WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) VARIETIES AND LINES AND ITS INFLUENCE ON AGRONOMIC TRAITS

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-334
Author(s):  
E. A. Fomina ◽  
S. V. Malyshev ◽  
S. N. Kulinkovich ◽  
O. Yu. Urbanovich
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Thousand Kernel Weight ◽  
Positive Effect

During the study of the promoter region of the TaSAP-Al gene on the allelic composition of Sap5, Sap39 and Sap2606 loci, it was shown that winter wheat varieties and lines from the collection used in the selection process in the Republic of Belarus in 2014 refer to 4 haplotypes and most of the tested samples (45.6 %) belongs to the haplotype II. It was found that the haplotype IV contributes to an increase in thousand-kernel weight and yield by 5.2 and 9.2 %, and haplotype I – an increase in spike length and total number of spikelets per spike by 4.4 and 2.2 % compared with the average values of these indicators. It was also found that the presence of deletion at position –1810 bp has a positive effect on spike length, total number of spikelets per spike and yield, the presence of insertion at position –1637 bp – spike length, and the presence of deletion in this position – on yield. The positive effect of SNP-2606C at position –2606 bp on thousand-kernel weight, spike length and yield was shown.

scholarly journals A breeding concept to improve the performance of locally cultivated bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Vasileios Greveniotis ◽  
Stylianos Zotis ◽  
Evangelia Sioki ◽  
Constantinos Ipsilandis
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Internal Variability ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Continuous Selection ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Selection Scheme ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
Performance Deterioration

The objective of this study was to explore the internal variability in six established F7 commercial wheat cultivars for breeding purposes. They are sown traditionally in the region of Western Macedonia, Greece. Spikes of the six cultivars were sown in 2008 in separate rows. A head to row selection scheme was applied for two growing periods in order to select lines within the cultivars, based on various traits such as: the total spike number, the spike weight per row, the 1000-kernel weight and the specific weight . The final selection was based on the specific weight and the four best rows from each cultivar were selected. All selected lines were tested in a field trial with a randomised complete block design (RCB). The original seed of the cultivars were used as controls. Statistically significant differences were found for all the studied traits. The line selections differed from the original cultivars, sometimes highly significantly. In conclusion, commercial cultivars that are sown traditionally for many years may contain exploitable variability, which reveals, that the continuous selection within cultivars is necessary to avoid cultivar deterioration and to improve the yield and other traits. The results indicate a degeneration of grain yield from 8% to 20%. Although eye-selection restricts off-types, our results mainly indicate new variability and cultivar performance deterioration under extreme biotic and abiotic stress.

scholarly journals Estimation of NAM-A1 haplotypes effect on the level of quantitative traits and grain protein content in wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
O. A. Orlovskaya ◽  
S. I. Vakula ◽  
L. V. Khotyleva ◽  
A. V. Kilchevsky
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Thousand Kernel Weight ◽  
Wheat Lines

Aim. NAM-A1 gene plays an important role in the regulation of metabolic processes, the remobilization of nutrients from the wheat vegetative organs to grain. The aim of this work is the genotyping of SNP polymorphisms of the NAM-A1 gene in introgression lines derived from the cross of bread wheat varieties with species of genus Triticum, as well as estimation of NAM-A1 haplotypes effect on quantitative traits and grain protein content of the studied genotypes. Methods. NAM-A1 gene polymorphisms were identified using the TaqMan - Real-time PCR. Statistical data analysis was carried out using MS Excel 2007, Statistica 10.0. Results. NAM-A1c haplotype is mainly found in the studied genus Triticum species, NAM-A1d - in bread wheat varieties, and mixed haplotypes - in the introgression wheat lines. Statistically significant associations among NAM-A1 gene haplotypes and productive tillering of plants, the length of the main spike, the number of spikelets in the main spike and the thousand kernel weight were revealed. Conclusions. A significant effect of the NAM-A1 haplotypes was established for the traits «productive tillering» and «thousand kernel weight». The highest thousand kernel weight was reached in plants carrying the haplotype NAM-A1d. Keywords: T. aestivum L., species of genus Triticum, NAM-A1, SNP, quantitative characters.

Effect of leaf spotting diseases on grain yield and seed traits of wheat in southern Saskatchewan

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wang ◽  
M. R. Fernandez ◽  
F. R. Clarke ◽  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
J. M. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Seed Traits ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Weight Test

Although leaf spotting diseases have been reported to have a negative effect on grain yield and seed characteristics of wheat (Triticum spp.), the magnitude of such effects on wheat grown on dryland in southern Saskatchewan is not known. A fungicide experiment was conducted at Swift Current (Brown soil) and Indian Head (Black soil) from 1997 to 1999 to determine the effect of leaf spotting diseases on yield and seed traits of wheat. Two fungicides, Folicur 3.6F and Bravo 500, were applied at different growth stages on three common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and three durum wheat (T. turgidum L. var durum) genotypes. Fungicide treatments generally did not affect yield, kernel weight, test weight or grain protein concentration, and these effects were relatively consistent among genotypes. Folicur applied at head emergence in 1997 and at flag leaf emergence and/or head emergence in 1998 increased yield at Indian Head (P < 0.05). Fungicides applied at and before flag leaf emergence tended to increase kernel weight. Grain protein concentration increased only in treatments of Bravo applications at Indian Head in 1998. These results suggested that under the dryland environment and management in southern Saskatchewan leaf spotting diseases generally have a small effect on yield, kernel weight, test weight and protein concentration. Key words: Wheat, leaf spotting diseases, fungicide, yield

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document