scholarly journals A STUDY OF ANCESTRAL AND MODERN CANADIAN SPRING WHEATS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. HUCL ◽  
R. J. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Spike Number

Spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) representing a century of crop breeding effort were evaluated in three rain-fed environments to determine which yield-related traits have been altered over time. Plant height and the length of the vegetative growth phase were shortened during the pre-Thatcher era. Spikelet number has been reduced but kernel weight increased during the period of cultivar development discussed herein. Tiller production has changed little since the turn of the century while spike number has been reduced slightly in the post-Thatcher period. Harvest indices increased with the introduction of Thatcher, but neither that trait nor crop grain yield have undergone consistent improvements since the 1930s. A significant cultivar × environment interaction resulted from adverse environment having a greater negative impact on grain yield of the older cultivars Red Fife and Marquis relative to their descendents. HY320, representing a potential new market class (Canadian Prairie Spring), yielded 25% more than standard height cultivars due to a higher biological yield and harvest index. Crop and spike grain yields were associated with kernel number/spike (r = 0.78,0.75) and days to spike emergence (r = 0.50,0.55), suggesting that high grain yield in this material is a function of maturity-dependent kernel production. Future improvements in grain yield might result from selection for higher harvest index since the latter trait is positively correlated with yield (r = 0.63) but not associated with maturity (−0.17).Key words: Old cultivars, spring wheat, yield components, harvest index, cultivar × environment interaction

Effets de régies culturales sur le rendement et la biomasse aérienne de trois cultivars de blé de printemps

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tremblay ◽  
C. Vasseur
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Conventional Management

Although bioclimatic conditions of the Saint Lawrence Lowlands are generally good enough to grow wheat for bread, management of this wheat production is poorly known in Quebec. Yields and total above-ground dry-matter biomass of three spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Max, Columbus and Katepwa) were measured in 1991 and 1992 under three management systems on a clay loam soil of the Saint Lawrence Lowlands. Reduced (50 kg N ha−1 and 375 plants m−2), conventional (100 kg N ha−1 and 375 plants m−2) and intensive (150 kg N ha−1 and 450 plants m−2) management systems were compared. In 1991, significant differences were observed among cultivars for four variables: stem weight, harvest index, tillers per square metre, and 1000-kernel weight. The management effect is less important than the cultivar effect. In 1992, significant differences among cultivars were observed for six of the nine variables measured, and seven of the nine variables measured differed with management. No significant cultivar × management interactions were observed in either year. Increasing input levels did not increase yield in 1991, probably because of the drier conditions. In the cooler and rainy growing season of 1992, intensive management increased wheat yield compared with that of reduced and conventional management. In both years, grain yield under reduced management was not significantly different from that under conventional management. Grain yield under intensive management was significantly higher than under reduced and conventional management in 1992 but not in 1991. The results of this study did not clearly show that intensive management was really better in the climatic conditions of the Saint Lawrence Lowlands than conventional or reduced management. Key words: Spring wheat, management, nitrogen, yield, dry matter, harvest index

Early generation selection in wheat. I. Yield potential

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
KJ Quail ◽  
RA Fischer ◽  
JT Wood
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
Erect Leaves

F3 single plant traits were tested as possible selection criteria for increasing yield potential. F3 plants were grown spaced in a glasshouse, while yield was measured in southern New South Wales under irrigation and optimum management. Thc population studied comprised 220 F1-derived lines taken at random from a multiple convergent cross amongst 16 parents representing elite CTMMYT germplasm of the mid 1970s but containing diversity for major dwarfing genes, maturity, leaf angle and other traits. More than 50 traits were determined, comprising numerical components of yield, size and morphology, partitioning ratios, development rates and physiological activities. All F3 traits showed significant genotypic variation which was usually greater for progeny lines than for parents although only occasionally significantly so. Broad sense heritability was generally moderate to high.F3 lines were advanced by single seed descent for replicated F7 and F8 yield experiments, two in each of 1982 and 1983. In each experiment 60-68 progeny lines chosen at random were tested; 44 lines were common to all experiments. Plot size was 8 rows X 5 m, and edge rows and plot ends were discarded. Yield levels were high (mean yield 5.9 t h a 1 at 10Yo moisture) and largely free of interference from lodging and disease. The progeny main effect on grain yield was highly significant, but no progeny line significantly outyielded the best parent. Best correlations with progeny grain yield were given by F3 plant height (r= -0.31 to -0.50 across experiments), F3 kernel weight (r= -0.03 to -0.44), F3 harvest index (r = 0.18 to 0.5 l), F3 leaf angle (r = -0.13 to -0.40, erect leaves favouring high yicld) and F3 spike number (r=0.08 to 0.40). Retrospective selection in F3 using these traits singly at a selection intensity of 25% gave increases in population mean yield (0 to + 12%) and in the proportion of high yielding lines (doubled in some cases), but only selection in F3 for reduced stature is considered worthwhile for advancing yield potential. It is suggested that the ineffectiveness of F3 selection is largely due to genotype by environment interaction, along with the complex multigenic nature of grain yicld.

HARVEST INDEX AS A SELECTION CRITERION FOR GRAIN YIELD IN TWO SPRING WHEAT CROSSES GROWN AT TWO POPULATION DENSITIES

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1141-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. NASS
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Population Densities

The use of harvest index as a selection criterion for grain yield in F2 populations of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown at two population densities was investigated. Harvest index was useful in delineating yield differences between lines for both crosses. The F4 lines selected in F2 for a high harvest index yielded about 9% more per plot in 1978 than F4 lines having a low harvest index in F2. Generally, lines selected at the higher commercial seeding rate yielded more than lines selected at the lower plant density. In 1979, a heavy Fusarium infection reduced the mean grain yield of the F6 lines and suppressed any significant response to selection resulting from population density and harvest index in F2. While selection based on high harvest index at low population density can be used to select higher yielding plants it was not as effective as selection at high population density which more closely approximates commercial crop densities. Additional research is needed before the use of harvest index as a selection tool in wheat breeding programs can be recommended for use in Atlantic Canada.

Stettler hard red spring wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 945-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M DePauw ◽  
R E Knox ◽  
F R Clarke ◽  
J M Clarke ◽  
T N McCaig
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Grain Volume Weight ◽  
End Use

Based on 34 replicated trials over 3 yr, Stettler, a doubled haploid hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), expressed significantly higher grain yield than all checks except Superb. Wheat and flour protein concentration were significantly greater than all of the checks except Lillian. It matured significantly later than AC Barrie and Katepwa but earlier than Superb. Stettler was significantly shorter than all of the checks except Superb and was more resistant to lodging than Katepwa and Laura. Stettler had high grain volume weight and intermediate kernel weight relative to the checks, and meets the end-use quality specifications of the Canada Western Red Spring wheat market class. Stettler expressed resistance to prevalent races of stem rust, common bunt and loose smut, with moderate susceptibility to prevalent races of leaf rust and fusarium head blight.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, grain yield, protein, disease resistance, doubled haploid

scholarly journals RESPONS OF BREAD WHEAT YIELD AND IT,S COMPONENTS TO BORON AND VITAMIN C FOLIAR APPLIED

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Hilfy & Zeboon
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Spike Number

Field experiment was conducted during 2010 – 2011 and 2011 – 2012 winter seasons at the Experimental Farm, Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture University of Baghdad. RCBD design with four replications were used to study the effect of Boron and vitamin C foliar applied on yield and some it,s components of bread  wheat Triticum aestivum L. cv. Abu – Ghraib-3. The experiment involved two factors ,the first was boron foliar in five concentrations  0,100, 200, 300, 400 mg L-1  the second was vitamin C foliar applied in five concentrations 0,1,2,3,4, gmL-1 at booting stage. Results of the experiment showed :300 mg B L-1 was  superior in grain yield 6.726,6.771 Mg ha-1)   for both seasons and some yield components ( spike number for the second season 574.9 spike m-2 , fertility 97.27% 97.34% and number of grain 66.39 , 65,22 grain spik-1 ) for both seasons . Foliar of Vitamin C with 4 gm L-1 was significantly affected grain yield (6.820 , 6.879 Mg ha-1 ) for both seasons respectively . Foliar of Vitamin C with 4 gm L-1 was significantly affected on grain yield and some it,s components (6.820 , 6.878 Mg ha-1 ) as compared to control which gave (4.882 ,4.906 Mg ha-1) for both seasons, respectively .The interaction between two factors was significant in some characters ( number of spike and grain yield ).

EFFECT OF SEEDING RATE ON GRAIN YIELD, STRAW YIELD AND HARVEST INDEX OF EIGHT SPRING WHEAT CULTIVARS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Rate Interaction

Eight cultivars of spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L., were evaluated at seeding rates of 110, 270 and 430 seeds/m2 in a total of nine experiments spanning three locations, two dates of seeding and 2 yr. Grain yield exhibited a significant cultivar × experiment × linear response to seeding rate interaction. Grain yield of Pitic 62 showed a significant decrease with increased seeding rate in one experiment while giving the greatest increase in another. Over all experiments, the highest seeding rate gave the highest grain yield. For straw yield, Chester showed the greatest response to seed rate, Canuck the least. With the exception of Canuck, which showed a significant increase in harvest index with increased seeding rate, harvest index tended to be greater at the intermediate seeding rate.

scholarly journals Ekmeklik Buğdayda (Triticum aestivum L.) Farklı Ekim Sıklıklarının Verim ve Verim Bileşenleri Üzerine Etkisinin Belirlenmesi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Ali Cevat Sonmez ◽  
Murat Olgun
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Spike Number

In wheat cultivation, sowing frequency is one of the crucial agronomic applications affecting grain yield. The aim of the research was to determine the effects of application of different sowing frequency (350, 500, 650 and 800 seeds m-2) for bread wheat cultivars (Alpu 01, Atay 85, Bezostaja 1, Harmankaya 99, Sönmez 01 and Sultan 95) on yield and yield components. Trials was carried out in Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute Eskişehir central campus fields during at 2012-13 and 2013-14 crop seasons in irrigated and rain fed conditions with 3 replications in randomized complete blocks design. In this study, the factors such as grain yield, number of spike per square meter, spike length, number of grain per spike, weight of grain per spike and harvest index were examined in terms of sowing frequency applications and cultivars in both conditions. As a result, the maximum grain yield was obtained from 650 seeds m-2 in rainfed conditions and this value was obtained from the application 500 seeds m-2 in irrigated conditions. Harmankaya_99 variety reached the highest values in terms of grain yield in both conditions and followed this by Alpu01 variety. In both conditions spike length, number of grain per spike, weight of grain per spike and harvest index parameters decreased inversely with increasing sowing frequency, while the number of spike number per square meter increased in direct proportion to increased sowing frequency. In rainfed conditions while there was a positive correlation between the grain yield with number of spike per square meter and harvest index, there was negative correlation among grain yield with spike length, number of grain per spike and weight of grain per spike. There was found significant positive correlation between grain yield with spike length and harvest index in irrigated conditions.

scholarly journals Genotype × Environment Interaction for Wheat Yield Traits Suitable for Selection in Different Seed Priming Conditions

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1804
Author(s):  
Vera Popović ◽  
Nataša Ljubičić ◽  
Marko Kostić ◽  
Mirjana Radulović ◽  
Dragana Blagojević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Main Component ◽  
The Impact

Different seed priming treatments are widely used in order to improve the nutritional status of wheat, as well as to improve its grain yield and yield- related traits. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of seed priming with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on the yield related traits, such as, field emergence, plant height, spike length and grain yield per plant of four winter wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) during two vegetation seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020. The seeds of each wheat genotypes were primed with different concentrations of ZnO NPs (0 mg L−1, 10 mg L−1, 100 mg L−1 and 1000 mg L−1) for 48 h in a dark box by continuous aeration and were sown in soil pots with 60–70% moisture content until full maturity. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) models were used to study the genotype environment effects. The results indicated that the plants response to ZnO nanoparticles significantly increased all of the observed traits of the wheat, while its maximum rates reduced the traits of the wheat. The AMMI analysis revealed the very complex nature of the variation observed in the trial and showed the significant effect of the G×E interaction, in which the first main component was significant for all components.

scholarly journals Correlation and Path Coefficient Analyses of Grain Yield and Yield Components in Two-Rowed of Barley (Hordeum vulgare convar. distichon) Varieties

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emine BUDAKLI CARPICI ◽  
Necmettin CELIK
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Spike Number

This research sought to determine the correlations between grain yield and yield components and to measure the direct and indirect effects of yield components on grain yield in barley by using correlation coefficient and path analysis methods, respectively. This research was conducted with ten varieties of two-rowed barley under the ecological conditions of the coastal zone of northwest Turkey during the years 2003-2004. Agronomic traits such as grain yield, plant height, spike length, kernel number per spike, kernel weight per spike, spike number per m2, harvest index and 1000-kernel weight were determined. The data from two years were combined. Correlation analyses indicated that the grain yield was positively and significantly associated with all the yield components except 1000-kernel weight. The highest correlation coefficients were found between grain yield and kernel number per spike (r = +0.406), and between grain yield and harvest index (r = +0.474). Results of path analyses indicated that harvest index had the greatest direct effect (+0.7716) on grain yield followed by spike number per m2 (+0.3359) and kernel number per spike (+0.2081). Percentages of their direct effect were 71.97%, 48.47% and 28.22%, respectively. On the other hand, most of the indirect effects of yield components on grain yield were found to be significant and positive. Because of the significant effects of the harvest index, spike number per m2 and kernel number per spike on grain yield, they may be regarded as criteria for barley improvement and breeding programs.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF CHARACTERS FOR YIELD SELECTION IN SPRING WHEAT

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. NASS
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Plot Yield ◽  
Flag Leaf Width

A 2-yr study of 22 cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) showed that yield per ear and number of ears per plant reduced yield variance the most in stepwise regression analysis. These two components of yield were negatively correlated. Harvest index, kernels per ear, and yield per ear were associated with plot yield. Kernels per ear and kernel weight were associated with yield per ear. Morphological characters influenced plot yield indirectly in that ear area, flag leaf width, and total photosynthetic area above the flag leaf node were associated with yield per ear. Ears per plant, yield per ear, and harvest index considered together in a selection program should be an effective means of selecting for increased yield.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document