The hardness locus in Australian wheat lines

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Osborne ◽  
K. M. Turnbull ◽  
R. S. Anderssen ◽  
S. Rahman ◽  
P. J. Sharp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Region ◽  
Genetic Locus ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Grain Hardness ◽  
Hardness Locus ◽  
Australian Wheat ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Cut Surface

The genetic factors that determine grain hardness in Australian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm were investigated by studying the grain from 4 crosses (160–180 lines per cross). Although not all the crosses were between hard and soft wheats, the doubled haploid lines derived from the crosses showed significant variation in hardness as assessed either by the Single-Kernel Characterisation System (SKCS 4100) or the scanning electron microscopy appearance of cut surfaces. The wheat cultivars used in the study were Cranbrook, Halberd, CD87, Katepwa, Sunco, Tasman, Egret, and Sunstar and of these only Egret is normally regarded as soft. The quantitative information from the SKCS 4100 was integrated into the genetic map information established for the Cranbrook Halberd, CD87 Katepwa, and Sunco Tasman crosses. For the Egret Sunstar cross, the limited information available from the positioning of genetic markers was used to specifically examine the linkage between the hardness trait and the Pina-D1 (puroindoline) genetic locus on 5DS, and very close linkage was established. The Egret Sunstar cross was also used to develop a more rigorous rheologically based analysis of the raw SKCS crush response data. In addition, the cut surface of the lines was analysed and most (98%) of the samples showed a genetic linkage between the appearance of the cut surface (related to vitreousness) and the SKCS hardness index. Among the other crosses only Cranbrook Halberd showed linkage of the hardness trait to the previously identified hardness locus (ha) located on 5DS as defined by DNA markers for the Pina-D1 locus, and the microsatellite wmc233. The statistical association was shown to be highly significant, with approximately 30% of the variation accounted for by the 5DS region. Another region on chromosome 4D showed a significant association in the Cranbrook Halberd cross. The CD87 Katepwa cross did not show any consistent associations between the SKCS measures and chromosome region, whereas in the Sunco Tasman cross a highly significant association only on chromosome 4B (accounting for 20% of the variation) was suggested. The Sunco Tasman cross showed an overlap of the chromosome region that accounted for variation in both grain weight and hardness and this influence of grain weight on hardness was independently confirmed by a detailed qualitative rheological analysis of the crush response profiles for the Egret Sunstar lines. It is evident from the study that, in Australian wheat lines, there are some major effects on grain hardness that are not associated with the classical ha locus located on 5DS.

Identification of Australian wheat cultivars by laboratory procedures: examination of pure samples of grain

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (71) ◽  
pp. 796 ◽  
Author(s):  
CW Wrigley ◽  
KW Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Grain Hardness ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Size Index ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Australian Wheat ◽  
Laboratory Procedures ◽  
Single Grain

Three laboratory procedures have been examined for the identification of about fifty wheat cultivars currently grown in Australia. The most discriminating of these methods is starch gel electrophoresis of gliadin proteins extracted from a single grain or from meal. This procedure is capable of identifying many of the cultivars directly. However, in some cases identification is complicated by the observation of more than one biotype for a cultivar on the basis of this test. By comparison, a larger number of grains can be examined by the qualitative phenol test but it is less discriminating. Additional information is provided by applying the test to glumes. Thirdly, quantitative assessment of grain hardness, measuring either particle size index or pearling resistance, gives a division of cultivars into about five groups. Specific results are listed for all methods so that the most suitable procedure can be chosen for distinguishing a particular group of cultivars.

Rumen digestibility in dairy cows of starch in near-isogenic lines of wheat

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 90-90
Author(s):  
P.C. Garnsworthy ◽  
J. Wiseman
Keyword(s):  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Agronomic Conditions

Wheat is a good source of carbohydrates for ruminants, and recent low prices in the UK suggest that usage is likely to increase. However, there is a shortage of information on the digestibility of wheat in the rumen. Such information is vital for predicting the relative value of wheat as a source of fermentable metabolisable energy or by-pass starch. Digestibility is likely to be affected by growing conditions and genetics. Genetic differences are found between wheat varieties, but comparisons of named varieties yield limited information because many characteristics vary simultaneously. This problem can be overcome by using near-isogenic lines of wheat that vary only in a limited number of known characteristics. The objective of this study was to determine the rumen digestion characteristics of different near-isogenic wheat lines grown under the same agronomic conditions.

Transgenic rice plants harboring the grain hardness-locus region of Aegilops tauschii

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 2293-2301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Go Suzuki ◽  
Hideo Wada ◽  
Hiromi Goto ◽  
Akiko Nakano ◽  
Haruna Oba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Rice ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Grain Hardness ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Hardness Locus ◽  
Transgenic Rice Plants

Preferential retention of chromosome regions in derived synthetic wheat lines: a source of novel alleles for wheat improvement

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. McIntyre ◽  
A. Rattey ◽  
A. Kilian ◽  
M. F. Dreccer ◽  
R. Shorter
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Mendelian Segregation ◽  
Single Marker ◽  
Synthetic Derivative ◽  
Novel Alleles ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Chromosome Regions

Synthetic hexaploid wheats (SHWs) and their synthetic derivative lines (SDLs) are being used as a means of introducing novel genetic variation into bread wheat (BW). Phenotypic information for days to flowering, height, grain weight and grain yield was collected from multiple environments for three SDL families, each with ~50 lines, and their elite BW parents. In general, the SDLs were earlier flowering and taller with larger grain size, but similar grain yield to the BWs. The three SDL families and their SHW and BW parents were genotyped using mapped DArT (diversity arrays technology) markers. Within each SDL family, SHW-specific DArT markers were used to identify SHW-derived chromosomal regions that appeared to be preferentially retained in the SDL families, as determined by retention at frequencies >0.25, the expected frequency for Mendelian segregation. Regions on chromosomes 2BS and 7BL appeared to be preferentially retained in all three SDL families, while regions on chromosomes 1AL, 1BS, 3BS, 5AS, 5BL, and 7AS were preferentially retained in two of the three SDL families. Other regions were preferentially retained in single families only, including some regions located on the D genome. Single-marker regression analysis was performed using the preferentially retained markers and identified markers and regions that were significantly associated with one or more of the four traits measured. Comparative mapping also indicates that these preferentially retained markers and chromosome regions may co-locate with previously identified QTLs for anthesis, height, grain weight and/or grain yield. Therefore, SHWs may contain novel alleles at these loci in these regions for these traits, which may provide a selective advantage to the SDLs. This approach could provide a useful method for identifying chromosomal regions of interest with potentially novel alleles for introgression for further BW improvement.

scholarly journals Lack of Relationship Between Susceptibility to Common Root Rot and Drought Tolerance Among Several Closely Related Wheat Lines

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Piccinni ◽  
C. M. Rush ◽  
K. M. Vaughn ◽  
M. D. Lazar
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Common Root ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Common Root Rot ◽  
Wheat Lines

Common root rot caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana is a disease of wheat associated with plant stress. Three cultivars (Siouxland, TAM 200, and TAM 107) and several hard red winter wheat lines closely related to TAM 107, but known to differ with respect to drought tolerance, were included in a 2-year dryland field study to evaluate whether observed variation in drought tolerance was associated with susceptibility to B. sorokiniana. Untreated seed of each entry or seed treated with imazalil was planted in soil naturally infested with B. sorokiniana. Plants were evaluated at jointing and at harvest. Disease incidence and severity, number of plants, number of heads, and grain weight per meter were evaluated. Grain weight and number of heads of individual plants were recorded in order to correlate disease rating of each plant with yield components. Plot yield and test weight also were measured. There were significant entry by seed treatment interactions for number of heads per plant, grain weight per plant, and grain weight per meter. A year by treatment interaction was found for the jointing disease index, and plants grown from seed treated with imazalil had a significantly lower disease index than those grown from nontreated seed. Observed drought tolerance among the three varieties and eight closely related plant introductions was not associated with disease susceptibility to common root rot.

scholarly journals Evaluation of advanced bread wheat lines for yield components during season 2019-2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 4652-4662
Author(s):  
José Luis Félix-Fuentes ◽  
Guillermo Fuentes-Dávila ◽  
Ivón Alejandra Rosas-Jáuregui ◽  
Juan Manuel Cortés-Jiménez ◽  
Alma Angélica Ortiz-Avalos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Grain Length ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Third Line ◽  
Wheat Lines

ABSTRACT A study was conducted with seven advanced bread wheat lines to determine grain yield, a thousand grain weight, grain length, grain weight per spike, number of grains per spike, spike length and spike weight, at the Norman E. Borlaug Experimental Station in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico, during the 2019-2020 crop season. Plots were 100 m long on three beds, 0.80 m apart, with two rows, and three replications; seed density was 100 kg/ha. Sowing date was December 14, 2019. Experimental lines were generated by the Global Wheat Program from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, and they are candidates for commercial release by the National Institute for Forestry, Agriculture, and Livestock Research in Mexico. Genotypes BORL14*2/5/ATTILA/3*BCN*2//BAV92/3/ KIRITATI/WBLL1/4/DANPHE,   BORL14*2//MUNAL#1/FRANCOLIN#1, and PREMIO /4/CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA(205)//KAUZ/3/PIFED/5/BORL14, showed the highest grain yield with 7.1, 7, and 6.9 t/ha, respectively, which can compete with current bread wheat cultivars in southern Sonora, Mexico, like Borlaug 100. The third line also showed the highest a thousand grain weight, grain length, grain weight per spike, and spike weight.   RESUMEN Se realizó un estudio con siete líneas avanzadas de trigo pan para determinar el rendimiento de grano, peso de mil granos, longitud de grano, peso de grano por espiga, número de granos por espiga, longitud de espiga y peso de espiga, en la Estación Experimental Norman E. Borlaug en el Valle del Yaqui, Sonora, México, durante la temporada de cultivo 2019-2020. Las parcelas tuvieron una longitud de 100 m en tres camas, separadas 0.80 m, con dos hileras y tres repeticiones; la densidad de semilla fue de 100 kg/ha. La fecha de siembra fue el 14 de diciembre de 2019. Las líneas experimentales fueron generadas por el Programa Global de Trigo del Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo, y son candidatas a ser liberadas comercialmente por el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias de México. Los genotipos BORL14*2/5/ATTILA/3*BCN*2//BAV92/3/ KIRITATI/WBLL1/4/DANPHE, BORL14*2//MUNAL#1/FRANCOLIN#1, y PREMIO /4/CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA(205)//KAUZ/3/PIFED/5/BORL14, mostraron el mayor rendimiento de grano con 7. 1, 7 y 6.9 t/ha, respectivamente, que pueden competir con los cultivares actuales de trigo pan en el sur de Sonora, México, como Borlaug 100. La tercera línea también mostró el mayor peso de mil granos, longitud de grano, peso de grano por espiga y peso de espiga.

scholarly journals Impacts of Fungal Stalk Rot Pathogens on Physicochemical Properties of Sorghum Grain

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
pp. 2059-2065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. M. A. Y. Bandara ◽  
T. T. Tesso ◽  
S. R. Bean ◽  
F. E. Dowell ◽  
C. R. Little
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Grain Hardness ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
The Impact

Stalk rot diseases are among the most ubiquitous and damaging fungal diseases of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) worldwide. Although reports of quantitative yield losses to stalk rots are available, the impact of stalk rot on grain quality attributes is unknown. This study was conducted to test whether stalk rot diseases could affect grain mineral (N, P, K; Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) and macronutrient (protein, fat, and starch) content, ash content, and physical traits (unit grain weight, hardness, and diameter). A field experiment was conducted in 2013 and 2014 with four sorghum genotypes (two hybrids and two lines). Plants from each genotype were inoculated with four stalk rot pathogens (Fusarium andiyazi, F. proliferatum, F. thapsinum, and Macrophomina phaseolina) and mock-inoculated with phosphate-buffered saline (control). Grains collected from infected and control plants were analyzed for macronutrient and ash content using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy, grain hardness and diameter using the single-kernel characterization system, and mineral content using the Rapid Flow Analyzer (Model RFA-300 for N) and inductively coupled plasma spectrometer (for P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn). Although stalk rot pathogens significantly reduced unit grain weight, they did not significantly affect grain hardness and diameter and, therefore, may not affect milling quality. Pathogens significantly reduced all macronutrient and most mineral contents across genotypes and environments on a per-unit-grain basis, except N and Mg, which were affected in a genotype- and environment-specific manner, and Fe, which was not significantly affected. Most minerals tested were significantly and negatively correlated with disease severity (lesion length) and total grain weight per panicle. The hybrid tested (Pioneer 84G62) exhibited reduced mineral and macronutritional changes after stalk rot infection, providing insights into the possibility of producing high-yielding, nutritionally stable hybrids under stalk rot disease pressure through dedicated breeding efforts.

A comparison of the growth and development of biculm wheat lines with freely tillering cultivars

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Marshall ◽  
W. J. R. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Australian Wheat ◽  
Leaf Appearance ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Rate Of Leaf Appearance

SummaryThe growth, development and grain yield of two low-tillering lines of wheat of Israeli origin were compared with those of two freely tillering Australian wheat cultivars (Gamenya and Egret) in field plots. The majority of individuals from the low-tillering selections were uniculms or biculms. Detailed observations were made on the main shoot of the biculms. There was no difference in the duration of primordia production by the main shoot apex between genotypes but the rate of initiation of spikelet primordia in the lowtillering lines was significantly greater than that of the tillering cultivars and this resulted in a large ear with more spikelets. The rate of leaf appearance was very similar in all genotypes but the later-appearing leaves of the biculms were very large in comparison with those of the cultivars. The majority of the biculms produced the tiller in T3 position. At maturity the main shoot and tiller of biculm individuals produced 60 and 40% respectively more dry weight than the equivalent shoots of the tillering cultivars. The total biomass per plant of the biculms was similar to that of Egret but less than that of Gamenya. The grain yield of the main shoot of the biculms was 50% greater than that for the tillering varieties and this was associated with an increase in the number of grains per ear as there was little difference in grain size. In the biculm a high proportion of the spikelets in the mid part of the main shoot ear produced five grains; grains from basal florets were significantly larger than those of upper florets mainly because they had a longer duration of growth. Overall the grain yield of the two tillering cultivars, either per plant or per metre of row length, was approximately 30% greater than that of the low-tillering selections. The greater growth of the main shoot axis in the biculms therefore did not compensate for the grain contributed by the tillers of the freely tillering cultivars.

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