Preferential retention of chromosome regions in derived synthetic wheat lines: a source of novel alleles for wheat improvement

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. McIntyre ◽  
A. Rattey ◽  
A. Kilian ◽  
M. F. Dreccer ◽  
R. Shorter
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Mendelian Segregation ◽  
Single Marker ◽  
Synthetic Derivative ◽  
Novel Alleles ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Chromosome Regions

Synthetic hexaploid wheats (SHWs) and their synthetic derivative lines (SDLs) are being used as a means of introducing novel genetic variation into bread wheat (BW). Phenotypic information for days to flowering, height, grain weight and grain yield was collected from multiple environments for three SDL families, each with ~50 lines, and their elite BW parents. In general, the SDLs were earlier flowering and taller with larger grain size, but similar grain yield to the BWs. The three SDL families and their SHW and BW parents were genotyped using mapped DArT (diversity arrays technology) markers. Within each SDL family, SHW-specific DArT markers were used to identify SHW-derived chromosomal regions that appeared to be preferentially retained in the SDL families, as determined by retention at frequencies >0.25, the expected frequency for Mendelian segregation. Regions on chromosomes 2BS and 7BL appeared to be preferentially retained in all three SDL families, while regions on chromosomes 1AL, 1BS, 3BS, 5AS, 5BL, and 7AS were preferentially retained in two of the three SDL families. Other regions were preferentially retained in single families only, including some regions located on the D genome. Single-marker regression analysis was performed using the preferentially retained markers and identified markers and regions that were significantly associated with one or more of the four traits measured. Comparative mapping also indicates that these preferentially retained markers and chromosome regions may co-locate with previously identified QTLs for anthesis, height, grain weight and/or grain yield. Therefore, SHWs may contain novel alleles at these loci in these regions for these traits, which may provide a selective advantage to the SDLs. This approach could provide a useful method for identifying chromosomal regions of interest with potentially novel alleles for introgression for further BW improvement.

scholarly journals Evaluation of advanced bread wheat lines for yield components during season 2019-2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 4652-4662
Author(s):  
José Luis Félix-Fuentes ◽  
Guillermo Fuentes-Dávila ◽  
Ivón Alejandra Rosas-Jáuregui ◽  
Juan Manuel Cortés-Jiménez ◽  
Alma Angélica Ortiz-Avalos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Grain Length ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Third Line ◽  
Wheat Lines

ABSTRACT A study was conducted with seven advanced bread wheat lines to determine grain yield, a thousand grain weight, grain length, grain weight per spike, number of grains per spike, spike length and spike weight, at the Norman E. Borlaug Experimental Station in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico, during the 2019-2020 crop season. Plots were 100 m long on three beds, 0.80 m apart, with two rows, and three replications; seed density was 100 kg/ha. Sowing date was December 14, 2019. Experimental lines were generated by the Global Wheat Program from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, and they are candidates for commercial release by the National Institute for Forestry, Agriculture, and Livestock Research in Mexico. Genotypes BORL14*2/5/ATTILA/3*BCN*2//BAV92/3/ KIRITATI/WBLL1/4/DANPHE,   BORL14*2//MUNAL#1/FRANCOLIN#1, and PREMIO /4/CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA(205)//KAUZ/3/PIFED/5/BORL14, showed the highest grain yield with 7.1, 7, and 6.9 t/ha, respectively, which can compete with current bread wheat cultivars in southern Sonora, Mexico, like Borlaug 100. The third line also showed the highest a thousand grain weight, grain length, grain weight per spike, and spike weight.   RESUMEN Se realizó un estudio con siete líneas avanzadas de trigo pan para determinar el rendimiento de grano, peso de mil granos, longitud de grano, peso de grano por espiga, número de granos por espiga, longitud de espiga y peso de espiga, en la Estación Experimental Norman E. Borlaug en el Valle del Yaqui, Sonora, México, durante la temporada de cultivo 2019-2020. Las parcelas tuvieron una longitud de 100 m en tres camas, separadas 0.80 m, con dos hileras y tres repeticiones; la densidad de semilla fue de 100 kg/ha. La fecha de siembra fue el 14 de diciembre de 2019. Las líneas experimentales fueron generadas por el Programa Global de Trigo del Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo, y son candidatas a ser liberadas comercialmente por el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias de México. Los genotipos BORL14*2/5/ATTILA/3*BCN*2//BAV92/3/ KIRITATI/WBLL1/4/DANPHE, BORL14*2//MUNAL#1/FRANCOLIN#1, y PREMIO /4/CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA(205)//KAUZ/3/PIFED/5/BORL14, mostraron el mayor rendimiento de grano con 7. 1, 7 y 6.9 t/ha, respectivamente, que pueden competir con los cultivares actuales de trigo pan en el sur de Sonora, México, como Borlaug 100. La tercera línea también mostró el mayor peso de mil granos, longitud de grano, peso de grano por espiga y peso de espiga.

Study onGenetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Seed Yield and Component Traits in Rice

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
PUNIT KUMAR ◽  
VICHITRA KUMAR ARYA ◽  
PRADEEP KUMAR ◽  
LOKENDRA KUMAR ◽  
JOGENDRA SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

A study on genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for seed yield and component traits was made in 40 genotypes of riceduring kharif 2011-2012 at SHIATS, Allahabad. The analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among the treatments for all the 13 traits under study.The genotypes namely CN 1446-5-8-17-1-MLD4 and CR 2706 recorded highest mean performance for panicles per hill and grain yield. The highest genotypic and phenotypic variances (VG and VP) were recorded for spikelets per panicle (3595.78 and 3642.41) followed by biological yield (355.72 and 360.62) and plant height (231.48 and 234.35).High heritability (broad sense) coupled with high genetic advance was observed for plant height, flag leaf length, panicles per hill, tillers per hill, days to maturity, spikelet’s per panicle, biological yield, harvest index, 1000 grain weight and grain yield, indicating that selection will be effective based on these traits because they were under the influence of additive and additive x additive type of gene action. Highest coefficient of variation (PCV and GCV) was recorded for tillers per hill (18.42% and 17.23%), panicle per hill (19.76 % and 18.68%), spikelet’s per panicle (34.30 and34.07 %), biological yield (28.31 % and 28.12 %), 1000 grain weight (15.57 % and 15 31 %) and grain yield (46.66% and 23.54 %), indicating that these traits are under the major influence of genetic control, therefore the above mentioned traits contributed maximum to higher grain yield compared to other traits, indicating grain yield improvement through the associated traits.

scholarly journals Grain yield and correlated traits of bread wheat lines: Implications for yield improvement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan Ullah ◽  
Shahzadi Mahpara ◽  
Rehana Bibi ◽  
Rahmat Ullah Shah ◽  
Rehmat Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Correlated Traits ◽  
Wheat Lines

scholarly journals Early generation selection strategy for yield and yield components in white oat

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovani Benin ◽  
Fernando Irajá Félix de Carvalho ◽  
Antônio Costa de Oliveira ◽  
Claudir Lorencetti ◽  
Igor Pires Valério ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Selection For

Several studies have searched for higher efficiency on plant selection in generations bearing high frequency of heterozygotes. This work aims to compare the response of direct selection for grain yield, indirect selection through average grain weight and combined selection for higher yield potential and average grain weight of oat plants (Avena sativa L.), using the honeycomb breeding method. These strategies were applied in the growing seasons of 2001 and 2002 in F3 and F4 populations, respectively, in the crosses UPF 18 CTC 5, OR 2 <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> UPF 7 and OR 2 <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> UPF 18. The ten best genetic combinations obtained for each cross and selection strategy were evaluated in greenhouse yield trials. Selection of plants with higher yield and average grain weight might be performed on early generations with high levels of heterozygosis. The direct selection for grain yield and indirect selection for average grain weight enabled to increase the average of characters under selection. However, genotypes obtained through direct selection presented lower average grain weight and those obtained through the indirect selection presented lower yield potential. Selection strategies must be run simultaneously to combine in only one genotype high yield potential and large grain weight, enabling maximum genetic gain for both characters.

scholarly journals Canaryseed (Phalaris canariensis L.) accessions from nineteen countries show useful genetic variation for agronomic traits

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cogliatti ◽  
F. Bongiorno ◽  
H. Dalla Valle ◽  
W J Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Harvest Maturity ◽  
Phalaris Canariensis ◽  
Late Sowing

Fifty-seven accessions of canaryseed (47 populations and 10 cultivars) from 19 countries were evaluated for agronomic traits in four field trials sown over 3 yr in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Genetic variation was found for all traits scored: grain yield and its components (grain weight, grain number per square meter, grain number per head and head number per square meter), harvest index, percent lodging, and phenological characters (emergence to heading, emergence to harvest maturity and heading to harvest maturity). Although genotype × environment interaction was observed for all traits, the additive differences between accessions were sufficient to enable promising breeding materials to be identified. Accessions superior in performance to the local Argentinean population, which in general gave values close to the overall mean of the accessions evaluated, were identified. For example, a population of Moroccan origin gave good yield associated with elevated values of the highly heritable character grain weight, rather than with the more commonly observed grain number per square meter. This population was also of relatively short stature and resistant to lodging, and, although it performed best when sown within the normal sowing date, tolerated late sowing fairly well. Other accessions were also observed with high grain weight, a useful characteristic in itself, since large grains are desirable from a quality point of view. Regarding phenology, the accessions showed a range of 160 degree days (8 calendar days in our conditions) in maturity, which, while not large in magnitude, may be of some utility in crop rotation management. Some accessions were well adapted to late sowing. Grain yield in general was strongly correlated with grain number per square meter. Principal components analysis (PCA) carried out for all characteristics provided indications of accessions combining useful characteristics and identified three components that explained approximately 70% of the phenotypic variation. Furthermore, a second PCA plus regression showed that approximately 60% of the variation in grain yield could be explained by a component associated with harvest index and grain number per square meter. Pointers were provided to possible future breeding targets.Key words: Phalaris canariensis, canaryseed, accessions, yield, phenology, genetics, breeding

Mid-parent advantage and heterosis in F1 hybrids of wheat from crosses among old and modern varieties

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. MORGAN
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Heterosis ◽  
Modern Varieties

Twenty-eight F1 hybrids of wheat and their parents were grown in field trials at Trumpington, Cambridge during 1986/87 and 1987/88. They were derived from crosses between seven ‘modern’ varieties, used as female parents, and either two ‘old’ (Squareheads Master and Partridge) or two ‘modern’ varieties (Bert and Motto), which were used as male parents. Grain yield, yield components, biomass and height were determined. The male parents were chosen to provide contrasting phenotypes and genetic backgrounds for the F1 hybrids. Mid-parent advantage, the increase of a hybrid for a given character above the mean of its parents, and heterosis, the increase of a hybrid above the ‘better’ parent for that character, were calculated. Most F1 hybrids showed mid-parent advantage for the characters studied. This tended to be greatest for hybrids derived from parents with the largest phenotypic differences in that character. In contrast, where heterosis occurred it tended to be greatest where the phenotypic difference between the parents was least. This suggests that the beneficial effects of hybridization, resulting from the dispersion of dominant genes between the parents, was insufficient to overcome the detrimental effects of other genes present where the ‘less good’ parent was substantially lower than the ‘better’ parent. Hybrids derived from the ‘modern’ male parents had greater heterosis for grain yield and mean grain weight than those from the ‘old’ parents. Of the yield components, positive heterosis for mean grain weight resulted in heavier seeds and was the most important yield component in determining heterosis in grain yield. Heterosis for the number of grains/ear was small or did not differ significantly from zero while number of ears/m2 showed negative heterosis resulting in fewer ears/m2 in the hybrids.

scholarly journals Residual Effect of Poultry Manure and Mineral N Application on Maize Production under Wheat-Maize Cropping System

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Syed Azam Shah ◽  
Wisal Mohammad ◽  
Haroon Haroon ◽  
Adnan Anwar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The study was designed to asses the residual effect of organic N (Poultry Manure) and mineral N on maize crop in field experiments carried out on silty clay loam soil at NIFA, Tarnab, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Pakistan during 2014-15. Combined dose of N from both sources were 120 kg ha-1 applied to wheat crop alone and in different combination making six treatments. Maize variety (Azam) was sown in Randomized complete block (RCB) design with four replications. Agronomic data, grains ear-1, 1000 grain weight, biomass grain yield data, N-uptake in maize grain and straw were recorded. Results showed that maximum grain ear−1, 1000 grain weight, biomass and grain yield was obtained from treatment where 25% N applied from poultry manure + 75% from mineral N source applied to previous wheat crop. Agronomic efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were also found maximum in treatment where 75% poultry manure + 25% mineral N was applied. It was concluded from the study that residual effect of organic manure with mineral N in different ratios enhances crop productivity and soil fertility.

scholarly journals Down-expression of TaPIN1s Increases the Tiller Number and Grain Yield in Wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Quan Yao ◽  
Xiao Hui Li ◽  
He Wang ◽  
Yu Ning Song ◽  
Zhong Qing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Transgenic Wheat ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Grain Number Per Panicle

Abstract Background: Tiller number is a factor determining panicle number and grain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Auxin plays an important role in the regulation of branch production. PIN-FORMED 1 (PIN1), an auxin efflux carrier, plays a role in the regulation of tiller number in rice (Oryza sativa); however, little is known on the roles of PIN1 in wheat. Results: Nine homologs of TaPIN1 genes were identified in wheat, of which TaPIN1-6 genes showed higher expression in the stem apex and young leaf in wheat, and the TaPIN1-6a protein was localized in the plasma membrane. The down-expression of TaPIN1s increased the tiller number in TaPIN1-RNA interference (TaPIN1-RNAi) transgenic wheat plants, indicating that auxin might mediate the axillary bud production. By contrast, the spikelet number, grain number per panicle, and the 1000-grain weight were decreased in the TaPIN1-RNAi transgenic wheat plants compared with those in the wild type. Conclusions: Phylogenetic analysis and expression patterns of nine TaPIN1 genes, and their protein structures and subcellular localization of TaPIN1-6a protein were analyzed. Down-regulated expression of TaPIN1 genes increased the tiller numbers of transgenic wheat lines. Our study suggests that TaPIN1s is required for the regulation of grain yield in wheat.

scholarly journals Selection of best lines and hybrids on the basis of genetic variability analysis in Maize (Zea mays L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Ankit Kumar ◽  
Amit Tomar
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Variability Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

The results revealed that parents namely, TSK-10, TSK-27, New Blue-II, Kurara and TSK-109 were found highly genetic diverse for days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, days to 755 dry husk. The parents namely, TSK-109, Kurara, New Blue-II and TSK-10 were found highly genetic diverse for plant height (cm), cob height, number of cobs per plant and number of grains per cob. The parents namely, Kurara, TSK-109, TSK-10, New Blue-II and TSK-27 were found highly genetic diverse for shelling percentage, grain yield per plant, grain yield per cob and 100-grain weight.

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