Effects of water deficit on Mediterranean and temperate cultivars of tall fescue

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Assuero ◽  
C. Matthew ◽  
P. Kemp ◽  
D. J. Barker ◽  
the late A. Mazzanti
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Morphological Adaptations ◽  
Lower Growth Rate ◽  
Contrast Response

Two glasshouse experiments were carried out to evaluate the morphological and physiological responses to water deficit of Mediterranean and temperate tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) cultivars. In Expt 1, 3 cultivars were studied: 2 temperate cultivars, Grasslands Advance (GA) and El Palenque (EP); and a Mediterranean cultivar, Maris Kasba (MK). Water deficit was induced in containers of 4 plants of a single cultivar by withholding water. In Expt 2, plants of EP and MK were grown together in the same container and received water daily with gradation in intensity of water deficit achieved by varying the daily water ration per container. All cultivars in each experiment exhibited commonly reported responses to water deficit, characterised by diminished evaporative surface area and increased root : shoot ratio. The response of MK was primarily morphological and MK plants had smaller plant size, higher root : shoot ratio, and a lower growth rate compared with temperate cultivars. By contrast, response of temperate cultivars was primarily physiological; stomatal conductance of temperate cultivars was lower and these cultivars had a greater tendency for leaf lamina osmotic adjustment than MK under the most stressful water deficit conditions studied. The morphological adaptations of MK were very effective in delaying the onset of water deficit in Expt 1 when plants were grown with others of the same cultivar, but rendered MK plants uncompetitive and more susceptible to water deficit in Expt 2 where plants of MK where interspersed with plants of a temperate cultivar.

Genetic purity analysis of hybrid broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) seeds using RAPD PCR

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip A. Crockett ◽  
Mohan B. Singh ◽  
C. K. Lee ◽  
Prem L Bhalla
Keyword(s):  
Plant Size ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Genetic Purity ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Purity Analysis ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Contrast Response

Determination of genetic purity of F1-hybrid seeds is aquality control requirement in the production of hybrid Brassica vegetableseeds. Hybrid varieties of these vegetable crops have arisen from a limitedgermplasm base, making discrimination of parental and hybrid lines verylaborious and troublesome. The use of RAPD PCR for evaluating seed purity in acommercial F1-hybrid broccoli a single cultivar bywithholding water. In Expt 2, plants of EP and MK were grown together in thesame container and received water daily with gradation in intensity of waterdeficit achieved by varying the daily water ration per container.All cultivars in each experiment exhibited commonly reported responses towater deficit, characterised by diminished evaporative surface area andincreased root : shoot ratio. The response of MK was primarily morphologicaland MK plants had smaller plant size, higher root : shoot ratio, and a lowergrowth rate compared with temperate cultivars. By contrast, response oftemperate cultivars was primarily physiological; stomatal conductance oftemperate cultivars was lower and these cultivars had a greater tendency forleaf lamina osmotic a

scholarly journals Root-shoot ratio of maize (Zea mays L.) as influenced by different levels of water deficit under two different climatic conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 2ndInt.Conf.AGR (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Mardin Othman Othman ◽  
◽  
Aram Abbas Mohammed Mohammed ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Different Levels

scholarly journals Metabolic behavior in the allocation of biomass of melon cultivars under water deficit conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e42985128
Author(s):  
Daniel Amorim Vieira ◽  
Marília Mickaele Pinheiro Carvalho ◽  
Biank Amorim Rodrigues ◽  
Lígia Borges Marinho ◽  
Alessandro Carlos Mesquita
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
State University ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Metabolic Behavior

Seeking to understand the mechanisms of tolerance of melon plants under water deficit, this study aimed to evaluate the biochemical behavior of melon cultivars and the allocation of biomass under water deficit. Two experiments were conducted in a shaded environment in the experimental area of the State University of Bahia, Juazeiro / BA; the first was carried out in 2015 and the second in 2016. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, replicated three times, with subdivided plots; the plots consisted of four water application rates (50, 75, 100 and 125% of the crop evapotranspiration), the subplots of two melon cultivars  'Yellow' and 'Piel de Sapo'. The sub-subplots were the sampling periods: 15; 30 and 45 days after transplantation. In the first experiment it was evaluated: total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, total proteins. In the second experiment, in addition to biochemical analyzes, the allocation of biomass of leaves, branches, roots, fruits and root / shoot ratio was evaluated. At the end of both experiments, root proline and aerial part were evaluated. Both cultivars showed similar biochemical behavior, except for the accumulation of proline obtained in the cultivar 'Piel de sapo', which allowed greater biomass allocation to the fruit than the cultivar 'Amarelo'.

Productivity in simulated drought and post-drought recovery of eight ryegrass cultivars and a tall fescue cultivar with and without Epichloë endophyte

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 176 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. He ◽  
C. Matthew ◽  
C. S. Jones ◽  
J.-H. B. Hatier
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Percentage Yield

Many ryegrass cultivars are available on the market, but little research information exists on their comparative drought tolerance or the role of their commercially associated Epichloë endophytes in drought tolerance. Cloned plants of seven perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars (Grasslands Commando, Ceres One50, Banquet II, Alto, Bealey, Trojan and Avalon) and an unreleased elite line (URL) and one Mediterranean tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) cultivar (Grasslands Flecha), in all cases both endophyte-free (E–) and -infected (E+) plants, were subjected to a cycle of summer drought and rehydration from December 2012 to May 2013. Other clones of the same plants were irrigated. Insecticide was used to protect plants from insect attack. We report data for shoot dry matter (DM), tiller survival rate (TSR) and reproductive development assessed approximately monthly during the experiment. In the second month of drought, only Banquet II and Grasslands Flecha showed no significant shoot DM reduction under water deficit. After 3 months of drought, shoot DM was reduced by 43% (Flecha) to 85% (URL) compared with irrigated plants. For Banquet II, Avalon and Grasslands Flecha, TSR was not significantly reduced by water deficit. During rehydration, growth of previously non-irrigated plants typically exceeded growth of irrigated clones across all cultivars. Banquet II and Grasslands Flecha were drought-tolerant in the sense that they showed a lower percentage yield reduction under drought than other cultivars tested; this was in part because they were not among the highest yielding under irrigation. Irrespective of irrigation treatment, the shoot DM of E+ plants of ryegrasses URL (with AR37 endophyte) and One50 (with AR1 endophyte) was reduced by almost 50% relative to their E– counterparts in each harvest from December to May, whereas the other six ryegrass varieties generally showed a small trend towards reduced shoot DM as E+ plants. This indicates that some novel cultivar–endophyte associations can incur a yield disadvantage compared with E– plants when protected from insect pressure.

scholarly journals The production and storage of a fermentor-grown bacterial culture containing Synergistes jonesii, for protecting cattle against mimosine and 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridone toxicity from feeding on Leucaena leucocephala

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Klieve ◽  
D. Ouwerkerk ◽  
A. Turner ◽  
R. Roberton
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Tropical Agriculture ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
And Storage

The leguminous shrub Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) iswidely used as a forage species for cattle in tropical agriculture. However,leucaena contains the toxic amino acid mimosine. Both mimosine and its primaryruminal degradation product 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridone (DHP) are toxic and theiraccumulation in the animal’s system results in hair loss, reducedliveweight gain, and goitre. The ruminal bacteriumngle cultivar bywithholding water. In Expt 2, plants of EP and MK were grown together in thesame container and received water daily with gradation in intensity of waterdeficit achieved by varying the daily water ration per container.All cultivars in each experiment exhibited commonly reported responses towater deficit, characterised by diminished evaporative surface area andincreased root : shoot ratio. The response of MK was primarily morphologicaland MK plants had smaller plant size, higher root : shoot ratio,

scholarly journals Effect of water deficit on some physiological and biochemical responses of the yellow diploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L. Group Phureja)

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Wilmar Ariza ◽  
Luis Ernesto Rodríguez ◽  
Darwin Moreno-Echeverry ◽  
Carlos Arturo Guerrero ◽  
Liz Patricia Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Diploid Potato ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Water availability is one of the main limitations of potato yields due to the high sensitivity of this crop to water deficit. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of water deficit on some physiological and biochemical responses in yellow diploid potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L. Group Phureja) of the cultivars Criolla Colombia, Criolla Dorada and Criolla Ocarina. Plants at tuber initiation were subjected to two treatments: continuous irrigation and water deficit imposed by withholding water at tuber initiation for 17 d. The results showed that plants under water deficit increased chlorophyll concentration, malondialdehyde and proline content. However, these plants showed a decrease in stomatal conductance, leafarea, total dry mass and exhibited a higher root/shoot ratio in all potato cultivars. In addition, all the cultivars also showed a decrease in yield, which was associated with sensitivity to water stress. Although the high content of proline and high root/shoot ratio may be associated with tolerance to water deficit, this association was not observed in these cultivars, probably due to the high reduction of stomatal conductance, which limited the production of photoassimilates, plant growth, and,therefore, the yield.

scholarly journals Water Use and Physiological Response of Tall Fescue Turf to Water Deficit Irrigation in an Arid Environment

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Brown ◽  
D.A. Devitt ◽  
R.L. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Xylem Water Potential ◽  
Irrigation Amount

Research was conducted to assess the response of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) to water deficit conditions. Different leaching fractions (LF = drainage volume/irrigation volume) and irrigation frequencies (IF) were imposed over a 119-day summer period in Las Vegas, Nevada, followed by a 71-day recovery period. Plots of tall fescue contained 120 cm deep × 51 cm diameter draining lysimeters. Irrigations were based on an evapotranspiration (ET) feedback system to establish LFs of +0.15, 0.00, -0.15, -0.25, and -0.40. Plots were irrigated on a daily or twice per week schedule. N was applied to subplots at a rate of 0, 12.2, or 24.4 kg·ha-1 per month. As LF decreased, relative soil water in storage declined in a linear fashion (r2 = 0.97, P = 0.001). Storage depletions for the four lowest LFs at the end of 119 days of imposed water deficits were about 15%, 40%, 60%, and 70% compared to the +0.15 LF treatment. Canopy temperature, soil matric potential (Ψm), leaf xylem water potential (ΨLX), leaf stomatal conductance (gs), clipping yield, color and cover ratings all statistically separated (P < 0.05) based on LF but not on IF. However, irrigation amount (I), ET, tissue moisture content and total Kjeldahl N (TKN) separated based on LF and IF with a significant LF by IF interaction for I (P < 0.05) and TKN (P < 0.001). An irrigation savings of 60.4 cm was realized during the 119-day water deficit period at the -0.40 LF. However, at the lower LFs, plant stress increased (all parameters) with color ratings declining below an acceptable value of 8.0. An Irrigation/Potential ET (I/ETo) threshold of 0.80 was determined for both color and cover. After a 71-day recovery period both color and cover returned to pre experimental values at the two higher N rates. Results of this experiment indicate that implementing a twice weekly irrigation strategy at a -0.15 LF on tall fescue during summer months in an arid environment would lead to savings of 37.5 cm of water while still maintaining acceptable color and cover ratings.

Isolation and identification of plant growth-promoting bacteria associated with tall fescue

2009 ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Monk ◽  
E. Gerard ◽  
S. Young ◽  
K. Widdup ◽  
M. O'Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) is a useful alternative to ryegrass in New Zealand pasture but it is slow to establish. Naturally occurring beneficial bacteria in the rhizosphere can improve plant growth and health through a variety of direct and indirect mechanisms. Keywords: rhizosphere, endorhiza, auxin, siderophore, P-solubilisation

THE PERFORMANCE OF S170 TALL FESCUE IN CANTERBURY

1974 ◽  
pp. 214-215
Author(s):  
B.R. Watkin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Selection Of

AN Aberystwyth selection of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), known as S170, was sown with certified New Zealand white clover (Trifolium repens) and re' clover (T. pratense) and compared under sheep grazing with other grass/clover pastures at the Grasslands Division Regional Station at Lincoln (Watkin, 1975) .

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