Water stress and watertable depth influence yield, water use efficiency, and nitrogen recovery in bell pepper: lysimeter studies

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Dalla Costa ◽  
G. Gianquinto
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Use Efficiency

Lysimeters of size 1.5 by 1.5 by 1.5 m, containing a loamy soil, were used to study the effects of both water stress during the reproductive stage and underground water supply on bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Continuous water stress treatments were obtained providing irrigation equal to 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, and 120% of maximum evapotranspiration (ET), evenly applied from flowering to end of the season. Another set of treatments involved a transient drought stress imposed by withholding 80 mm of irrigation, based on ET, beginning at 2 growth stages (early fruit set, or mid fruit growth). A well-watered control (irrigated restoring the entire ET) was included for comparison. The underground water supply treatments involved 3 permanent watertable depths (0.40, 0.70, and 1.10 m below soil surface) and one variable depth increasing from 0.40 to 1.30 m. Continuous water stress significantly reduced total fresh weight of fruit, which was linearly related to the water consumption. The highest marketable yield was found at irrigation of 120% ET; the lowest at 40% ET. Marketable yield did not differ among 60%, 80%, and 100% ET. Withholding water during early fruit set restricted fruit yield significantly, whereas plants undergoing drought later in fruit growth yielded as well as the well-watered control. Total fruit yield with a shallow watertable (0.40 m depth) was comparable to above-ground irrigation restoring 100% ET, but marketable yield was significantly reduced. Highest marketable yield was obtained with watertable at 0.7 m depth, but was reduced by lowering watertable depth. The lower yield observed in water shortage conditions was generally due to a reduced fruit number. In most cases, water use efficiency decreased with increasing water consumption, but was not affected by transient drought stress. Crop nitrogen content was the highest when irrigation provided 100% and 120% ET restoration. It was significantly reduced only by both 40% ET and watertable irrigated treatments. Generally, a shallow watertable allowed less nitrogen rescue than a deeper one. The critical period for water was identified between the beginning of fruit set and first maturing fruits when soil water potential should be maintained above –0.02 MPa.

Response of greenhouse-grown bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to variable irrigation

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olanike Aladenola ◽  
Chandra Madramootoo
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Use Efficiency

Aladenola, O. and Madramootoo, C. 2014. Response of greenhouse-grown bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to variable irrigation. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 303–310. In order to optimize water use in bell pepper production information about the appropriate irrigation water applications and agronomic and physiological response to mild and severe water stress is necessary. Different water applications were tested on yield, quality and water stress threshold of greenhouse-grown bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivar Red Knight in 2011 and 2012 on the Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Ste Anne De Bellevue, QC. The study was carried out on a soil substrate in the greenhouse. Irrigation was scheduled with four treatments:120% (T1), 100% (T2), 80% (T3), and 40% (T4) replenishment of crop evapotranspiration in a completely randomized design. The highest marketable yield, water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency were obtained with T1 in both years. T1 received 20% more water than T2 to produce 23% more marketable yield than T2. Fruit total soluble solids content was highest in T4, and smallest in T1. The mean crop water stress index (CWSI) of the irrigation treatments ranged between 0.08 and 1.18. Leaf stomatal conductance of bell pepper was 75 to 80% lower in T4 than in T1. Regression obtained between stomatal conductance and CWSI resulted in a polynomial curve with coefficients of determination of 0.88 and 0.97 in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The result from this study indicate that the yield derived justifies the use of an extra quantity of water. Information from this study will help water regulators to make appropriate decision about water to be allocated for greenhouse production of bell pepper.

scholarly journals Yield, Mineral Composition, Water Relations, and Water Use Efficiency of Grafted Mini-watermelon Plants Under Deficit Irrigation

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 730-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef Rouphael ◽  
Mariateresa Cardarelli ◽  
Giuseppe Colla ◽  
Elvira Rea
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Use Efficiency

Limited water supply in the Mediterranean region is a major problem in irrigated agriculture. Grafting may enhance drought resistance, plant water use efficiency, and plant growth. An experiment was conducted in two consecutive growing seasons to determine yield, plant growth, fruit quality, leaf gas exchange, water relations, macroelements content in fruits and leaves, and water use efficiency of mini-watermelon plants [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai cv. Ingrid], either ungrafted or grafted onto the commercial rootstock ‘PS 1313’ (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne × Cucurbita moschata Duchesne), under open field conditions. Irrigation treatments were 1.0, 0.75, and 0.5 evapotranspiration rates. In both years (2006 and 2007), marketable yield decreased linearly in response to an increase in water stress. When averaged over year and irrigation rate, the total and marketable yields were higher by 115% and 61% in grafted than in ungrafted plants, respectively. The fruit quality parameters of grafted mini-watermelons such as fruit dry matter and total soluble solids content were similar in comparison with those of ungrafted plants, whereas titratable acidity, K, and Mg concentrations improved significantly. In both grafting combinations, yield water use efficiency (WUEy) increased under water stress conditions with higher WUE values recorded in grafted than ungrafted plants. The concentration of N, K, and Mg in leaves was higher by 7.4%, 25.6%, and 38.8%, respectively, in grafted than in ungrafted plants. The net assimilation of CO2, stomatal conductance, relative water content, leaf, and osmotic potential decreased under water stress conditions. The sensitivity to water stress was similar between grafted and ungrafted plants, and the higher marketable yield from grafted plants was mainly the result of an improvement in nutritional status and higher CO2 assimilation and water uptake from the soil.

scholarly journals The effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on yield, water use efficiency and Brix Degree of processing tomato

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuan Le ◽  
Zoltán Pék ◽  
Sándor Takács ◽  
András Neményi ◽  
Lajos Helyes
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Optimum Water

Open field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (Phylazonit MC®) as a biofertilizer on processing tomato cultivar var. Uno Rosso F<sub>1</sub>, grown under three different regimes of water supply. Field effectiveness of rhizobacteria inoculation on total biomass production, yield and water use efficiency, were examined in 2015 and 2016. Seedlings were inoculated with 1% liquid solution of Phylazonit MC® (Pseudomonas putida, Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus circulans, B. megaterium; colony-forming unit: 10<sup>9</sup> CFU/mL) at sowing and planting out by irrigation. There were three different regimes of water supply: rain-fed control (RF); deficit water supply (WS50) and optimum water supply (WS100); the latter was supplied according to the daily evapotranspiration by drip irrigation. Total aboveground biomass (shoot and total yield) and red fruits yield were measured at harvest in August, in both years. Total biomass changed between 32.5 t/ha and 165.7 t/ha, the marketable yield from 14.7 t/ha to 119.8 t/ha and water use efficiency (WUE) between 18.5 kg/m<sup>3</sup> to 32.0 kg/m<sup>3</sup>. The average soluble solids content of the treatment combinations ranged from 3.0 to 8.4°Brix. Seasonal effects were significant between the two years with different precipitation, which manifested in total biomass and marketable yield production. PGPR increased WUE only in WS50 in both years, while under drought stress and higher water supply, the effect was not clear. The effect of PGPR treatment on marketable yield, total biomass and WUE was positive in both years when deficit irrigation was applied and only in the drier season in the case of optimum water supply.

Optimizing mungbean productivity and irrigation water use efficiency through the use of low water- consumption during plant growth stages

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathy S. El-Nakhlawy ◽  
Saleh M. Ismail ◽  
Jalal M. Basahi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

This research was conducted during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasonsin the Agricultural Research Station, King Abdulaziz University at Hada Al-Sham region, Saudi Arabia to produce mungbean as a new legume crop in Saudi Arabia using low water consumption through maximizing crop yield with optimizing irrigation water use efficiency under drought stress during vegetative and flowering growth stages.No significant differences were found between the yield and yield components when practicing water stress during vegetative stage compared with full irrigation treatment in the two seasons. MN96 cv. was significantly dominated over NMf cv. in all studied traits except flowering date.The highest IWUE and seed yield/ha were obtained from the MN96 cv. under full irrigation and water stress during vegetative stage without significantly differences between them in the two seasons.

scholarly journals Effects of Water Stress on Fluorescence Parameters and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Drip Irrigation in Rice

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Xiaopeng Ma ◽  
Tingbo Lv ◽  
Meng Bai ◽  
Zelin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Use Efficiency

To study the effects of water stress on the fluorescence parameters and photosynthetic characteristics of rice under drip irrigation and mulching, so as to determine the response mechanisms to water stress during the tillering stage. A two-year trial was carried out at Shihezi University, China. Three water gradients were investigated. The results showed that the chlorophyll content (a + b), photosynthetic rate (Pn), and leaf area index (LAI) decreased with decreasing soil moisture content at the tillering stage. The chlorophyll content (a + b) and Pn in the flooding irrigation (CK) treatment were significantly higher than those in the stress treatments, and the chlorophyll content (a + b) and Pn in the W1 and W2 treatments were significantly lower than those in the other treatments. The maximum LAI of the CK, W1, and W2 treatments were similar, while the W3 produced lower values; stress treatment improved the ability of tillering in the early and middle stages, while the decrease in soil water content in the tillering stage resulted in a decrease in the final tillering rate; drought stress in the tillering stage resulted in decreased rice yields. The yield of the W1 and W2 treatments were similar, while that of the W3 treatment was seriously reduced. The main reasons for the reduction in yield was the significant decrease in the number of effective panicles, the seed setting rate, and a decrease in the 1000-grains weight. Water consumption in the stress treatments decreased by 51.69%–58.78% compared to the CK treatment; water-use efficiency in the CK treatment was only 0.25 kg·m−3, and the water-use efficiency of the stress treatments increased by 40%–72%. We should make full use of the compensation effect of drought stress in the water regulation of drip irrigation in covered rice and adopt the water control measure of the W2 treatment in the tillering stage. These measures are conducive to improving water-use efficiency and achieving the goal of high quality, high yield, and high efficiency.

scholarly journals Effect of drought stress and Glomus inoculation on selected physiological processes of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. 'Slávy')

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleš Jezdinský ◽  
Jiřina Vojtíšková ◽  
Katalin Slezák ◽  
Kristína Petříková ◽  
Robert Pokluda
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Use Efficiency

Sweet pepper (Capsicum annuumL. ‘Slávy‘ F1) plants were colonized by the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungusGlomusand grown in two irrigational levels: 1. optimal water supply (the irrigation activation by available water capacity (AWC) < 65 %); 2. drought stress (irrigation activation by AWC < 45 %). In the field experiment selected physiological parameters, such as photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency were observed. The highest photosynthetic activity was observed in the first measuring date in both experimental years (2010: 7.5–8.1 μmol . m−2. s−12011: 6.1–8.6 μmol . m−2. s−1). In the next measuring dates, when the temperature decreased and the plants were older stage, the activity of leaves decreased. The inoculation byGlomusspecies had not clear effect. The inoculation did not increased the activity of plants (photosynthesis, transpiration) under optimal water supply conditions. However, based on results from 2011, under drought stress the inoculation had slightly positive effect on the photosynthetic rate. Under drought stress conditions, the water use efficiency (WUE) of plants increased slightly by theGlomusinoculation (from 4.7 to 5.1 μmol CO2. mmol H2O−1).

scholarly journals Water Use Efficiency Current Status Assessment in the Context of WATenERgy CYCLE Project

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 602
Author(s):  
Stavroula Tsitsifli ◽  
Anastasia Papadopoulou ◽  
Vasilis Kanakoudis ◽  
Konstantinos Gonelas
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
National Level ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Supply Systems

Water use efficiency is a crucial issue in drinking water utilities as it is connected to environmental and economic consequences. WATenERgy CYCLE project aims at developing a methodological approach towards efficient and effective transnational water and energy resources management in the Balkan–Mediterranean area. The paper presents the results of performance evaluation of the water supply systems of the water utilities involved in the project, both at local and national level. The methodology used in the water balance and performance indicators as well as data on the operational status of the water supply systems. The results showed that Non-Revenue Water is one of the major problems addressed.

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