A comparison of composting and vermicomposting for the disposal of poultry waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toya Nath Joshi ◽  
Dainik Bahadur Nepali ◽  
Ramashish Sah ◽  
Tilchandra Bhattarai ◽  
David J. Midmore
Keyword(s):  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Carbon:Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Parent Stock ◽  
Effective Microorganism

Context Poultry products, mostly meat and eggs, provide affordable quality foodstuffs to human populations in Nepal. However, the poultry industry’s by-products, such as litter and offal, also generate potential environmental and human health issues and need a sustainable method of management. Aims The present study compared the effectiveness of vermicomposting by using an exotic earthworm species Eisenia fetida, or effective microorganism-based (EM) composting, of poultry litters in the Terai region of Nepal. Methods Four types of poultry litter, namely, broiler cage litter (parent stock litter), broiler deep litter, commercial layer cage litter and layer deep litter, each combined with earthworms (vermicompost) or effective microorganisms, were subjected to decomposition in beds. A completely randomised design in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement (poultry litters by Eisenia fetida or effective microorganism) with three replicates per treatment was applied. Key results Macronutrient concentrations, and reduction of the carbon:nitrogen ratio were significantly greater in vermicompost than EM compost. In addition, reduction of the carbon:nitrogen ratio was more significant following vermicomposting for broiler and layer cage litter than in other treatments. The highest initial concentration of N was found in layer cage litter (2.1%) and the lowest in layer deep litter (1.3%) and these increased to 1.5–3.4% and 1.7–1.8% in vermicompost and EM compost respectively. Available phosphorus increased by two- to three-fold in most vermicomposted poultry litters in comparison to initial poultry litters, and a two-fold increase in potassium was likewise achieved. Consistent with these results, worm biomass was significantly higher in layer cage litter and broiler cage litter than in deep litter. More cocoons were evident in layer cage litter, and lowest numbers of cocoon formation were observed in broiler deep litter. Conclusions This comparative study showed that vermicomposting is superior to EM composting for bioconversion of poultry litters into value-added compost. Implications With the adoption of this result, the poultry industry in Nepal could become more sustainable.

scholarly journals CRICKET POWDER (ACHETA DOMESTICA) AS FOOD ADDITIVE FOR PROCESSING OF DRY-FERMENTED POLTURY BARS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desislava Borislavova Vlahova-Vangelova ◽  
Desislav Balev ◽  
Nikolay Delchev Kolev ◽  
Dilyana Gradinarska ◽  
Stefan Dragoev
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
A Value ◽  
Plastic Strength ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Acheta Domestica ◽  
The Impact

In the recent years crickets, as well as cricket powder (CP) are interesting food ingredients in the European market. Some benefits of CP are high content of quality proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals and little environmental footprint. The aim of this work is to explore the impact of CP additive (2% and 4%) on the color characteristics, technological and sensory properties of dry-fermented poultry bars. The use of CP as meat additive significantly decrease L* and a* value of the product. Structural strength, plastic strength and pH were significantly increased (p˂0.05) in CP enriched raw and dry-fermented poultry bars. aW and moisture content in the final CP supplemented poultry products increased (p˂0.05). The incorporation of 2% CP had slight impact on sensory properties of final product and can be successfully used for processing of value added meat products. CP addition up to 4% had negative effect on the color, sensory properties, structural and plastic strength on the filling mass and dry-fermented meat bars.

scholarly journals Bioconversion of Non Edible Vegetables from Market into Biofertilizer for Crop Improvement

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Geetha Karuppasamy ◽  
Michael Antony D'Couto ◽  
Anant Achary
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Germination Index ◽  
Vigour Index

<p>The fruits and vegetables lost due to spoilage in the market can be converted to nutrient rich organic biofertilizer, vermicompost and worm tea. In this study, non-edible vegetables from market [French beans (S1), Lady’s fingers (S2) and Brinjal (S3)] were used for production of vermicompost and worm tea using <em>Eisenia fetida</em> for environmental friendly management and recycling, as value added product for crop production. Vermicomposting was carried out in four bins. Three bins (S1, S2 &amp; S3) consisted of individual pre-digested vegetables and the fourth bin (S4) was set up with a mixture of all three pre-digested vegetables in equal proportions. Physico-chemical properties and essential nutrients like pH, temperature, moisture content, total organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P) and exchangeable potassium (K) of the pre-digested vegetables and/or compost were analysed at regular time intervals. There was around 6-10 fold increase in earthworm count at the end of vermicomposting. During vermicomposting, the N and P content of the compost showed 2 to 4 fold increase whereas 10 to 15 fold increase in K content was noticed. Low C:N ratio (4 to 9) was obtained for vermicompost VS4. The worm tea (vermi wash) and vermicompost collected were used for plant growth studies on <em>Vigna radiata</em> (Green gram). Growth parameters like germination percentage, vigour index, germination index (GI), shoot length (cm), root length (cm) and leaf length (cm) were studied. There was noticeable improvement in germination % (1.7 fold), vigour index (2.7 fold) and germination index. A 20 fold increase in shoot length was also seen in test plants when compared to control (2 fold). Statistical analysis of various growth parameters like root length and plant height indicated that vermicompost made with waste brinjal has a significant response with p ≤ 0.05. Based on the results obtained, waste brinjal, which is abundantly available locally can be economically converted to organic biofertilizers and used for soil and crop improvement. Through this study, a cost effective and environment friendly method for efficient utilization of market waste vegetables has been proposed for promoting plant growth and development.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of Effective Microorganisms on Meat Quality, Microstructure of the Longissimus Lumborum Muscle, and Electrophoretic Protein Separation in Pigs Fed on Different Diets

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1755
Author(s):  
Patrycja Reszka ◽  
Dorota Cygan-Szczegielniak ◽  
Hanna Jankowiak ◽  
Aleksandra Cebulska ◽  
Beata Mikołajczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Protein Separation ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum ◽  
Group A ◽  
Effective Microorganism

The aim of the study was to determine how effective microorganisms influence meat quality, the microstructure of the longissimus lumborum muscle, and electrophoretic protein separation. The study group consisted of 150 piglets divided into three feeding groups: C, E1, and E2. The feeding groups included C—a standard fodder blend with a full share of post-extracted soya meal; E1—a 50%/50% mix of pea and lupine/soya bean in phase I of fattening and a 75%/25% mix of pea and lupine/soya bean in phase II of fattening; and E2—a 50%/50% mix of pea and lupine/soya bean in phase I of fattening and in 100% pea and lupine in phase II of fattening. The experimental factor was the addition of the EM Carbon Bokashi probiotic to the diet (C + EM, E1 + EM, E2 + EM). Influence of the feeding system on the following parameters was also estimated. After slaughter, the meat quality, LL muscle microstructure, and electrophoretic protein separation were assessed. In the C + EM group, a lower water-holding capacity was demonstrated. Meat from pigs fed the effective microorganism additive was much harder in the E1+EM group compared to meat from pigs from the E1 group. A beneficial effect of effective microorganism was found in the E2 + EM group, where less thermal leakage from the meat was demonstrated. A beneficial effect of the feeding system on thermal leakage and loin eye area in the E2 + EM group was demonstrated. In the C + EM group, a lower total number of muscle fibers was demonstrated. The addition of effective microorganism caused an increase in the diameter of fast twitch fibers in the E1 + EM group. In the same group of pigs, effective microorganisms caused a lower proportion of fiber fission. This nutritional variant appears to be the most appropriate for proteins as well, because it led to the most favorable percentage of individual proteins after effective microorganisms supplementation in the longissimus lumborum muscle.

Effective microorganism levels in the performance of carrot crop (Daucus carota L.) chantenay variety in Cayhuayna edafoclimatic conditions – 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Juan Diolando Villanueva- Reátegui, ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Foliar Fertilizer ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Effective Microorganism

The research levels of microorganisms effective in the yield of carrot (Daucus carota l.) Chantenay variety under edaphoclimatic conditions of Cayhuayna, was carried out in the District of Pillcomarca, Province and Huánuco Region; With the purpose of evaluating the effect of the organic fertilizers on the yield of the carrot crop. A completely randomized block design was used, with 12 treatments and 3 replicates using the parametric F (ANVA) tests, and Duncan, the incorporation of Compost with MS was tested: 4, 6 and 8 t / ha, -A (Foliar): 1.0 and 2.0 l / rucksack. We evaluated yield by weight per experimental net area and then transformed yield per hectare; The results obtained in carrot yield were on average 43.33 tons with the foliar application of 1 liters of effective microorganisms and the incorporation of 8 tons of compost. Therefore, it is considered necessary to promote, promote and disseminate the technology of efficient microorganisms among f armers and growers who grow carrots, in order to obtain good yields and promote organic agriculture. Keyword: Compost, foliar fertilizer, effective microorganisms and yield.

scholarly journals Incidence of adult brain cancers is higher in countries where the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is common

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Thomas ◽  
Kevin D. Lafferty ◽  
Jacques Brodeur ◽  
Eric Elguero ◽  
Michel Gauthier-Clerc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Positive Effects

We explored associations between the common protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii and brain cancers in human populations. We predicted that T. gondii could increase the risk of brain cancer because it is a long-lived parasite that encysts in the brain, where it provokes inflammation and inhibits apoptosis. We used a medical geography approach based on the national incidence of brain cancers and seroprevalence of T. gondii . We corrected reports of incidence for national gross domestic product because wealth probably increases the ability to detect cancer. We also included gender, cell phone use and latitude as variables in our initial models. Prevalence of T. gondii explained 19 per cent of the residual variance in brain cancer incidence after controlling for the positive effects of gross domestic product and latitude among nations. Infection with T. gondii was associated with a 1.8-fold increase in the risk of brain cancers across the range of T. gondii prevalence in our dataset (4–67%). These results, though correlational, suggest that T. gondii should be investigated further as a possible oncogenic pathogen of humans.

scholarly journals The result of effective microorganisms isolated from wastewater and soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Oyunbileg Natsagdorj ◽  
Indra Nyamjav ◽  
Byambasuren Davaasambuu ◽  
Ariunzaya Jargalsaikhan ◽  
Batsukh Chultem
Keyword(s):  
Rhodobacter Sphaeroides ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Effective Microorganism

Increasing urbanization and population concentrations are causing environmental problems such as soil and water pollution. In this study, we were present isolation and identification of Streptomyces sp and Rhodobacteria sp. Those effective microorganisms isolated from the wastewater and soil sample of Anand-Khujirt spring resort located in Khujirt soum, Uvurkhangai province in Mongolia. Based on morphological, cultural, and molecular characteristics (16S rDNA sequencing), those strain were identified as Rhodobacter sphaeroides (99% similarity) and Streptomyces cf.griseus (99% similarity). Rhodobacter sphaeroides could be used to reduce heavy metal contamination from soil. Furthermore, Streptomyces cf.griseus is an effective  microorganism, which produces 32 types of biologically active compounds for pharmaceutical or agricultural purposes. Хаягдал ус, хөрснөөс ашигтай бичил биетний цэвэр өсгөвөр ялгасан судалгааны дүнгээс Хотжилт, хүн амын төвлөрөл нэмэгдэж байгаа нь хөрс, усны бохирдол зэрэг хүрээлэн буй орчны асуудлуудыг үүсгэж байна. Бид энэхүү судалгааны ажлаар Өвөрхангай аймгийн Хужирт сумын нутагт орших “Ананд-Хужирт” рашаан сувилал,  аялал жуулчлалын баазын хаягдал ус, хөрснөөс ялгасан ашигтай бичил биетний нутгийн омгууд болох Streptomyces sp, Rhodobacteria sp-ийн нуклеотидын дарааллыг Genetyx software програмыг ашиглан боловсруулалт хийн АНУ-ын Биотехнологийн Мэдээллийн Үндэсний Төвийн мэдээллийн сангаас BLAST хайлт хийж хамгийн ойролцоох зүйлийг тодорхойлсон. Rhodobacter sphaeroides (99% ижил нуклеотидтэй)-ийг хүнд металлын бохирдлыг бууруулахад өргөн ашигладаг бол Streptomyces cf.griseus (99% ижил нуклеотидтэй) нь 32 төрлийн биологийн идэвхит нэгдлийг нийлэгжүүлэгч ашигтай бичил биетэн юм.    Түлхүүр үг: Streptomyces spp, Rhodobacteria spp, хаягдал ус, хөрс,

Environmental Technologies to Treat Selenium Pollution

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Soils And Sediments ◽  
Environmental Technologies ◽  
Value Added Products

Abstract Selenium contamination of air, aquatic environments, soils and sediments is a serious environmental concern of increasing importance. Selenium has a paradoxical feature in bringing about health benefits under the prescribed level, but only a few fold increase in its concentration causes deleterious effects to flora and fauna, humans and the environment. This book Environmental Technologies to Treat Selenium Pollution: Principles and Engineering: presents the fundamentals of the biogeochemical selenium cycle and which imbalances in this cycle result in pollution.overviews chemical and biological technologies for successful treatment of selenium contaminated water, air, soils and sediments.explores the recovery of value-added products from selenium laden waste streams, including biofortication and selenium-based nanoparticles and quantum dots. This book may serve both as an advanced textbook for undergraduate and graduate students majoring in environmental sciences, technology or engineering as well as as a handbook for tertiary educators, researchers, professionals and policy makers who conduct research and practices in selenium related fields. It is essential reading for consulting companies when dealing with selenium related environmental (bio)technologies. ISBN: 9781789061048 (Paperback) ISBN: 9781789061055 (eBook)

scholarly journals Renal injury in angiotensin II+l-NAME-induced hypertensive rats is independent of elevated blood pressure

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (4) ◽  
pp. F1008-F1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Polichnowski ◽  
Limin Lu ◽  
Allen W. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Renal Injury ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Experimental Hypertension ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Sprague Dawley

The balance between angiotensin II (ANG II) and nitric oxide plays an important role in renal function and is thought to contribute to the progression of renal injury in experimental hypertension. In the present study, we investigated the extent of blood pressure (BP)-dependent and BP-independent pathways of renal injury following 2 wk of hypertension produced by intravenous infusion of ANG II (5 ng·kg−1·min−1)+ Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME; 1.4 μg·kg−1·min−1) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. An aortic balloon occluder was positioned between the renal arteries to maintain (24 h/day) BP to the left kidney (servo-controlled) at baseline levels, whereas the right kidney (uncontrolled) was chronically exposed to elevated BP. Over the 14-day experimental protocol, the average BP to uncontrolled kidneys (152.7 ± 1.8 mmHg) was significantly elevated compared with servo-controlled (113.0 ± 0.2 mmHg) kidneys and kidneys from sham rats (108.3 ± 0.1 mmHg). ANG II+l-NAME infusion led to renal injury that was focal in nature and mainly confined to the outer medulla. Despite the differences in BP between servo-controlled and uncontrolled kidneys, there was a similar ∼3.5-fold increase in renal outer medullary tubular injury, ∼2-fold increase in outer medullary interstitial fibrosis, ∼2-fold increase in outer medullary macrophage infiltration, and a significant increase in renal oxidative stress, all of which are indicative of BP-independent mediated pathways. The results of this study have important implications regarding the pathogenesis of renal injury in various experimental models of hypertension and provide novel insights regarding the variable association observed between hypertension and renal injury in some human populations.

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