Effects of phytase, calcium source, calcium concentration and particle size on broiler performance, nutrient digestibility and skeletal integrity

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Bradbury ◽  
S. J. Wilkinson ◽  
G. M. Cronin ◽  
C. L. Walk ◽  
A. J. Cowieson
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Mean Particle Size ◽  
Calcium Source ◽  
Soluble Calcium ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Skeletal Integrity

The study herein investigated the effect of mean particle size, calcium (Ca) source, Ca concentration and phytase on broiler performance, mineral digestibility and skeletal integrity from 1 to 28 days post-hatch. Sixteen dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design consisting of two Ca sources (limestone or a highly soluble calcium, HSC), two Ca concentrations (9.0 or 6.0 g/kg from Day 0 to Day 14 and 8.0 or 5.5 g/kg from Day 15 to Day 28), two Ca particle sizes (<0.5 or >0.5 mm) and two phytase-supplementation levels (0 or 1000 FTU/kg). Overall performance (Days 1–28) showed that the addition of phytase to diets containing 8.0 g/kg total Ca provided by HSC improved feed intake (P < 0.05), but there was no effect of the addition of phytase to birds fed Ca from limestone. Phytase supplementation decreased feed intake in birds fed limestone with a mean particle size >0.5 mm and increased feed intake in birds fed HSC with a mean particle size >0.5 mm, which resulted in a Ca source × Ca particle size × phytase interaction (P < 0.05). Birds fed diets containing HSC had a lower liveweight gain than did birds fed diets containing limestone (P = 0.03). Increasing the dietary Ca concentration from 5.5 g/kg to 8.0 g/kg total Ca decreased liveweight gain (P = 0.01). Phytase supplementation increased final liveweight gain (P < 0.001). Foot ash was observed to be higher in birds that received diets containing 8.0 g/kg Ca (P < 0.05). Phytase supplementation increased foot ash percentage (P < 0.05). Phytase increased Ca digestibility in birds fed diets containing Ca provided by HSC with a mean particle size <0.5 mm and diets containing limestone with a mean particle size >0.5 mm (P < 0.05). Phytase increased Ca digestibility in birds fed 5.5 g/kg Ca, but had no effect on Ca digestibility in birds fed 8.0 g/kg Ca (P < 0.05). The addition of phytase to diets improved the digestibility of phosphorus, especially in birds fed diets containing limestone (P < 0.05), or 8.0 g/kg total Ca (P < 0.05), or diets with a mean particle size >0.5 mm (P < 0.05). The results of the present study are consistent with those of previous studies by the authors, which have shown that low dietary Ca in conjunction with phytase improves broiler performance and mineral digestibility. Phytase improved growth performance, regardless of Ca source or Ca concentration and improved mineral digestibility.

Evaluation of the effect of a highly soluble calcium source in broiler diets supplemented with phytase on performance, nutrient digestibility, foot ash, mobility and leg weakness

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Bradbury ◽  
S. J. Wilkinson ◽  
G. M. Cronin ◽  
P. Thomson ◽  
C. L. Walk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Calcium Source ◽  
Leg Weakness ◽  
Soluble Calcium ◽  
Bone Mineralisation ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Feeding Diets

High inclusion concentrations of dietary calcium (Ca) from limestone may have detrimental effects on broiler performance, such as increased gastric pH and a reduction in phosphorus (P) and amino acid digestibility. To assess the potential for feeding diets with lower total Ca concentrations, the effect of a novel highly soluble source of calcium (HSC) on bird performance, nutrient digestibility and skeletal integrity of 1120 male Cobb-500 broilers was compared with that of limestone. Eight dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design consisted of two sources of Ca (limestone or HSC), two concentrations of Ca (6.0 or 7.7 g/kg in the starter and 4.0 or 5.7 g/kg in the grower), two phytase levels (0 or 500 FTU/kg). The effect of dietary treatments on growth performance and feed intake were measured from Day 1 to Day 40 and foot ash and leg health on Day 40. At the end of the starter period, in the absence of phytase, changing Ca source from limestone to HSC at 6.0 g/kg total Ca decreased both bodyweight gain and feed intake (P < 0.05). The addition of phytase to diets containing 6.0 g/kg total Ca provided by HSC increased bodyweight gain (P < 0.05), as well as increasing feed intake (P < 0.05). At the end of the grower period, diets supplemented with phytase increased bodyweight gain (P < 0.001), birds fed the higher Ca concentration were also observed to have an increased bodyweight gain (P < 0.001). Apparent ileal Ca digestibility significantly increased with the addition of phytase to diets containing 4.0 g/kg total Ca provided by HSC (P < 0.05), this was also observed for P digestibility. Replacement of limestone with HSC when fed in conjunction with phytase has the potential to be an effective strategy to improve broiler performance and bone mineralisation.

Influence of particle size and microbial phytase supplementation on the performance, nutrient utilisation and digestive tract parameters of broiler starters

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 704 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Amerah ◽  
V. Ravindran
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Coarse Particle ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation ◽  
Microbial Phytase

The aim of the present experiment was to examine the interaction between particle size and microbial phytase supplementation on the performance, nutrient utilisation and digestive tract development of broiler starters fed maize-based diets. The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments evaluating two maize particle sizes (medium and coarse) and two levels of phytase supplementation (without or with 500 phytase units/kg diet). The two particle sizes were achieved by grinding the whole maize in a hammer mill to pass through 3- and 7-mm screens, respectively. Broiler starter diets, based on maize and soybean meal, were formulated to meet recommended requirements for major nutrients, except phosphorus. Each of the four diets was fed ad libitum to six pens of eight male broilers each, from day 1 to day 21 post-hatching. Phytase supplementation increased (P < 0.001) the feed intake and weight gain, and lowered (P < 0.05) feed per gain in both medium and coarse particle size diets. Coarse grinding improved (P < 0.05) weight gain, but had no effect (P > 0.05) on feed intake and feed per gain. No interactions (P > 0.05) between phytase supplementation and particle size were observed for any of the performance parameters. Phytase supplementation increased (P < 0.001) ileal phosphorus digestibility and toe ash content of birds fed the medium particle size diet, but had no effect in those fed the coarse particle size diet. Apparent metabolisable energy and ileal digestibility of calcium and nitrogen were not influenced by particle size or phytase supplementation. The present findings suggest that the effectiveness of supplemental phytase on broiler performance is not influenced by the particle size of maize.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary Black pepper (Piper nigrum) on the performance of broiler

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
EK Ndelekwute ◽  
KD Afolabi ◽  
HO Uzegbu ◽  
UL Unah ◽  
KU Amaefule
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Dietary Treatments

An experiment was conducted to determine the dietary effect of different levels of ground black pepper (Piper nigrum) on growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens. There were five dietary treatments each containing 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 % black pepper (BP) fed at both starter and finisher phases. One hundred and fifty (150) day old chicks of Arbor-acre strain were divided into five dietary groups having three replication with 10 in each. The five dietary treatments were randomly assigned into five groups. The birds were fed and watered ad libitum. At the starter phase 0.25 and 0.5 % BP improved live weight significantly (p<0.05). Feed intake was significantly (p<0.05) reduced at 1.00% BP. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in daily gain, feed: gain ratio and protein efficiency ratio. At the finisher phase, final live weight was improved by 0.25% (p<0.05). Final live weight, feed intake, weight gain, feed: gain ratio and protein efficiency ratio were negatively affected by 0.75 and 1.0%BP. Fecal moisture was significantly (P<0.05) reduced by 0.25% while dry matter, protein and ether extract digestibility were improved by all the levels of BP. None of the BP levels improved crude fibre digestibility (p>0.05) over the control. NFE and energy utilization were improved by 0.25 and 0.5%, but significantly (p<0.05) reduced by 1.00% BP.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2015. 44(2): 120-127

Effects of vegetable oil and yeast fermented cassava pulp (YFCP) supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation in Thai Friesian dairy cows

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Suphrap ◽  
C. Wachirapakorn ◽  
C. Thamrongyoswittayakul and C. Wongnen
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Cassava Pulp ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Dietary Treatments

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of vegetable oil and yeast fermented cassava pulp (YFCP) supplementation on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation in Thai Friesian dairy cows (Thai native x Holstein Friesian). Eight Thai Friesian dairy cows (447±44 kg.BW) were assigned to 4×4 double latin square design (DLSD) with two sources of oil i.e. palm oil (PO) or soybean oil (SBO) and four levels of YFCP (0, 5, 10 and 20%DM) in the dietary treatments. All cows received total mixed ration (TMR) comprised of rice straw to concentrate at a ratio of 40:60. The results showed that supplementation of SBO had lowered feed intake, nutrients digestibility, metabolize energy intake (MEI), total digestible nutrient (TDN) and methane emission than PO treatment. However, cows received SBO had greater total volatile fatty acid (TVFA), propionic acid (C3), butyric acid (C4) than cows received on PO (P less than 0.05). In addition, supplementation of YFCP at 10%DM in the diet as an optimum level in dairy cow diets (P greater than 0.05). Finally, the interaction between the addition of SBO and YFCP at 10%DM (SBO+YFCP) had a positive effect on enhancing ether extract intake (EEI) in dairy cows.

A comparison of grinding processes and wet feeding of wheat-based diets on AME, production, and gastrointestinal tract development of broiler chicks

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Afsharmanesh ◽  
T. A. Scott ◽  
F. G. Silversides
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Gut Development ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Feeding Diets ◽  
Ground Wheat

This experiment studied the effect of grind mill type [hammer (HM) or attrition (AM)], grind size (5.6 mm 4.8 mm, and 2.4 mm) and wheat type [Durum or Hard Red Spring (HRS)] on the performance, energy retention (AME), and the gut development of broilers fed these diets with or without 1.2 g water-1 g dry feed added. Twenty-four dietary treatments (2 grind types × 3 grind sizes × 2 wheat types × wet or dry feeding) were each fed to four cages of six male broilers from 1 to 17 d of age. Wet diets were prepared daily. Feeding diets with water increased 17 d body weight and feed intake of broilers compared with feeding the diets dry. Body weight and feed intake of broilers fed the HM diets were greater than those of broilers fed diets containing wheat processed by AM. Feed intake and FCR with HRS-based diets were higher than those for Durum-based diets. The AME for Durum was higher than for HRS and the ME efficiency (kcal g-1 BW) was greater, indicating a lower efficiency. The AME intake of HM ground wheat was higher than for that for wheat ground with the AM. The type of grinding, the wheat type, and the addition of water all affected the length and weight of the digestive system, likely through their effects on the rate of water absorption and passage through the gut. Particle size did not affect any measurement. Hammer milling produced a uniform particle size and less fines and may be better suited for processing wheat in broiler diets. Key words: Broiler, wheat, wet feeding, AME, gut development

Effects of dietary cation–anion concentrations on performance and acid–base balance in growing lambs

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Fauchon ◽  
J. R. Seoane ◽  
J. F. Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Twenty-four castrated lambs (32.4 ± 4.1 kg BW) were used to study the effect of varying dietary cation–anion concentration [C–A] on performance and acid–base balance. The diets contained approximately 100, 300, 500 and 700 mequiv Na + K − Cl kg−1 of feed. Each group of six lambs was fed one of the diets ad libitum during a 6-wk test. Increasing the [C–A] of the diets resulted in higher feed intake and higher daily gains (P < 0.01) without affecting feed efficiency. Apparent digestibility of nutrients was not affected by the dietary treatments but a negative relationship was found between intake and energy digestibility (P < 0.01). Blood pH was lower in lambs receiving the 100 [C–A] diet (P < 0.05). Blood bicarbonate and base excess increased as [C–A] in the diet increased from 300 to 700 mequiv (P < 0.05). Plasma Mg concentration decreased with increasing dietary [C–A] (P < 0.01). Urinary pH and urine volume increased as [C–A] in the diet increased (P < 0.01). The results indicate that diets containing between 500 and 700 mequiv Na + K − Cl kg−1 stimulated growth by allowing greater feed intake and greater daily gains with little effect on nutrient digestibility. Blood profile showed a systemic response to dietary changes in [C–A], but indicated that lambs were able to adapt to cation loads since the values obtained for acid–base balance were within physiological range for lambs. Key words: Cation–anion, acid–base, lambs

scholarly journals Effect of irish potato peel and yam peel meals on the performance and nutrient digestibility of weaner rabbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-244
Author(s):  
R. Yaqoob ◽  
J. J. Omage ◽  
Y. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Irish Potato ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Potato Peel ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A study was conducted to evaluate the nutritive value of Irish potato peel meal (IPPM) and  yam peel meal (YPM) on the performance of weaner rabbits. Twenty-five weaner rabbits  were assigned to five dietary treatments of five rabbits each, and were individually caged in a  completely randomized design. The rabbits were fed the dietary treatments, where treatment  one (T1) was the control with no IPPM and YPM, treatment two (T2) and treatment three (T3)  with 20% and 30% IPPM, respectively while treatment four (T4) and five (T5) had 20% each  and 30% each of the combination of IPPM and YPM, respectively. The parameters measured  were initial weight, final weight, average feed intake, average weight gain, feed to gain ratio,  water intake, feed cost/Kg gain, proximate composition and feed digestibility of the feed  materials. The result showed that average daily feed intake was significantly higher  (P<0.05) in the rabbits fed with the control diet (T1) compared to the other treatments. The  feed to gain ratio were similar in all the treatments. The feed cost per kg gain was  significantly different (P<0.05) across the treatments. crude protein, crude fibre and ash  digestibility were significantly higher in T1 (control) compared to T2, T3and T5, but was  similar to T4. ether extract and NFE digestibility were significantly higher (P<0.05) in T1  compared to all other treatments. It is concluded that, Irish potato peel and yam peel meals  can be used to replace maize in the conventional rabbit feed without any adverse effect on  their growth performance and nutrient digestibility. 

scholarly journals Effect of supplementation of BS4-enzyme levels in rice-bran based rations on performance of growing PMp broiler duck

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Maijon Purba ◽  
Arnold Parlindungan Sinurat
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Performance Response ◽  
Dietary Treatments

<p>The purpose of enzymes supplementation in feeds is to improve nutrient digestibility through degradation of anti-nutrition and crude fiber, which are commonly found in rice bran. The aim of the study was to see performance response of PMp broiler ducks to the supplementation of BS4-enzyme levels in rice-bran based rations. Two hundred and twenty four day-old ducks were allocated to 8 dietary treatments with 4 replicates, consisted of 7 ducks in each replicate. The composition of the feed treatments arranged as follows: T1 to T4 were rations with 30% of rice bran content with enzyme levels of 0, 50, 100, and 150 Unit/kg rice bran respectively. T5 to T8 were rations with 60% of rice bran content with the same enzyme levels as for T1 to T4 treatments. The ducklings were subjected to the treatments for the first four weeks. The variables observed were feed intake, weight gain and FCR. The results showed that the supplementation of BS4-enzymes on rice-bran based rations significantly affected (P&lt;0.05) feed intake and FCR, but not for weight gain (P&gt;0.05). The most effective rations for feed consumption and FCR of PMp broiler duck were obtained on T4 treatment resulting in the highest body weight gain of 998 g/bird and lowest FCR of 2,64. It was concluded that the supplementation of 150 Unit/kg of BS4 enzyme in 30% rice-bran diet was the best combination level to be implemented in feeding PMP broiler ducks for the first four weeks period.</p>

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