Effects of tea seed saponin supplementation on physiological changes associated with blood methane concentration in tropical Brahman cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Ramírez-Restrepo ◽  
C. J. O'Neill ◽  
N. López-Villalobos ◽  
J. Padmanabha ◽  
J. K. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Brahman Cattle ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Ch4 Concentration ◽  
Brahman Steers

A 59-day experiment compared the effects of increasing tea seed (Camellia sinensis L.) saponin (TSS) supplementation on dry matter intake (DMI), liveweight (LW), rumen fermentation, methanogenesis, blood biochemistry and animal tolerance. Six, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 g of powder TSS were dissolved during 5, 7, 4, 3, 3 and 2 days, respectively, and infused into the rumen of four rumen-cannulated Brahman steers (234 ± 13.6 kg LW; least-squares means ± s.e.m.) or mixed in the basal diet [BD: 0.15 Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay plus a high-grain feed (0.85)] of two non-cannulated (253 ± 19.3 kg) steers. Overall, DMI was not affected, by the sequential infusion of TSS (5.3 ± 0.15 kg) or addition to the BD (5.4 ± 0.18 kg), but relative to all diets, 6 g of TSS supplementation reduced DMI (P < 0.05), while the administration above 30 g of the supplement was associated with significantly (P < 0.001) reduced DMI, scours and bloat disorders. Clinical symptoms disappeared 8 days after withdrawal of the supplement. LW increased with time (P < 0.05) and the final LW was similar for cannulated (258 ± 13.6 kg) and non-cannulated (276 ± 19.3 kg) steers. Saponin supplementation reduced total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration (P < 0.05), modified pattern of individual molar VFA concentrations and moderately increased ruminal pH (P < 0.05). Cannulated and non-cannulated steers fed the BD had similar daily (g) methane or yield (CH4 g/kg DMI) emissions while in respiratory chambers. However, compared with cannulated (8.0 ± 1.20 ng/mL) animals, the addition of 30 g of TSS in the BD increased (P < 0.01) blood CH4 concentration in non-cannulated (15.6 ± 1.74 ng/mL) animals. Diets supplemented with 30 g of TSS were associated with higher chloride (P < 0.01) and alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.05) blood concentrations, and lower serum concentrations of potassium and urea nitrogen (P < 0.01), iron and total lipase (P < 0.05), than was the BD. It was concluded that higher levels of TSS supplement may evoke physiological changes in the animal. However, the potential CH4 mitigation effect of this form of saponin in tropical cattle needs further investigation, alongside the derived response of the rumen microbial ecology to the tested range of supplementation.

scholarly journals Supplementing Northern Australian Beef Cattle with Desmanthus Tropical Legume Reduces In-Vivo Methane Emissions

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2097
Author(s):  
Bénédicte Suybeng ◽  
Edward Charmley ◽  
Christopher P. Gardiner ◽  
Bunmi S. Malau-Aduli ◽  
Aduli E.O. Malau-Aduli
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Chloris Gayana

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementing beef cattle with incremental levels of Desmanthus leptophyllus cv. JCU1 and Desmanthus bicornutus cv. JCU4 on in vivo methane (CH4) emissions and the role of tannins in rumen fermentation. Fourteen yearling Droughtmaster steers were allocated to each of the two Desmanthus species and offered a basal diet of Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay plus fresh Desmanthus at 0%, 15%, 22%, and 31% of dry matter intake (DMI). The 15% and 31% Desmanthus periods lasted 21 days and the 22 and 0% Desmanthus periods, 14 days. Methane production was measured by open-circuit gas exchange in the last two days of each period. The results showed a linear increase in DMI and reduction in CH4 yield with the increasing level of Desmanthus and subsequently condensed tannins in the diet. The added tannin binder polyethylene glycol-4000 did not affect CH4 yield but increased rumen NH3-N and iso-acid concentrations. Therefore, on a low-quality diet, Desmanthus has the potential to increase intake and reduce CH4 emissions. Even though its tannins can bind rumen proteins, the beef cattle anti-methanogenic response to supplementation with Desmanthus may be a combination of rumen fermentation and tannin effects.

scholarly journals Response to Climate Change: Evaluation of Methane Emissions in Northern Australian Beef Cattle on a High Quality Diet Supplemented with Desmanthus Using Open-Circuit Respiration Chambers and GreenFeed Emission Monitoring Systems

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 943
Author(s):  
Bénédicte Suybeng ◽  
Felista W. Mwangi ◽  
Christopher S. McSweeney ◽  
Edward Charmley ◽  
Christopher P. Gardiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Emission Monitoring ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Chloris Gayana

The main objective of this study was to compare the effect of supplementing beef cattle with Desmanthus virgatus cv. JCU2, D. bicornutus cv. JCU4, D. leptophyllus cv. JCU7 and lucerne on in vivo methane (CH4) emissions measured by open-circuit respiration chambers (OC) or the GreenFeed emission monitoring (GEM) system. Experiment 1 employed OC and utilized sixteen yearling Brangus steers fed a basal diet of Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay in four treatments—the three Desmanthus cultivars and lucerne (Medicago sativa) at 30% dry matter intake (DMI). Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was added to the diets to neutralize tannin binding and explore the effect on CH4 emissions. Experiment 2 employed GEM and utilized forty-eight animals allocated to four treatments including a basal diet of Rhodes grass hay plus the three Desmanthus cultivars in equal proportions at 0, 15, 30 and 45% DMI. Lucerne was added to equilibrate crude protein content in all treatments. Experiment 1 showed no difference in CH4 emissions between the Desmanthus cultivars, between Desmanthus and lucerne or between Desmanthus and the basal diet. Experiment 2 showed an increase in CH4 emissions in the three levels containing Desmanthus. It is concluded that on high-quality diets, Desmanthus does not reduce CH4 emissions.

Localization and Chemical Speciation of Pb in Roots of Signal Grass (Brachiaria decumbens) and Rhodes Grass (Chloris gayana)

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 4595-4599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Kopittke ◽  
Colin J. Asher ◽  
F. Pax C. Blamey ◽  
Graeme J. Auchterlonie ◽  
Yanan N. Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Signal Grass

scholarly journals Medulloblastoma Presenting as Severe Headache during Pregnancy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Medicina ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Francesca Gabriela Paslaru ◽  
Anca Maria Panaitescu ◽  
Elena Nestian ◽  
George Iancu ◽  
Alina Veduta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Intracranial Tumor ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Intracranial Tumors ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Common Complaint ◽  
Persistent Headache

Headache is a common complaint during pregnancy and the puerperium. The differentiation between a benign headache and a headache that has an underlying more endangering cause, such as an intracranial tumor, can be difficult and often requires diagnostic procedures and brain imaging techniques. We report the case of an 18-year-old female patient who developed clinical symptoms—persistent headache followed by neurological deficit—in the last part of her pregnancy. A medulloblastoma (MB) was diagnosed and treated after delivery. We review 11 other cases of MB in pregnancy reported in the literature. The most common clinical manifestation at diagnosis was headache followed by neurological deficits. We discuss the association of brain tumor growth with physiological changes during pregnancy. We conclude that clinical features of intracranial tumors can be misinterpreted as pregnancy-related symptoms and should not be dismissed.

scholarly journals Outcomes in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: symptoms, function and clozapine plasma concentrations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 204512532110371
Author(s):  
Amir Krivoy ◽  
Eromona Whiskey ◽  
Henrietta Webb-Wilson ◽  
Dan Joyce ◽  
Derek K. Tracy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Clinical Symptom ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Treatment Refractory ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Clozapine is the only medication licenced for treating patients with treatment-refractory schizophrenia. However, there are no evidence-based guidelines as to the optimal plasma level of clozapine to aim for, and their association with clinical and functional outcome. Objective: We assessed the relationship between clinical and functional outcome measures and blood concentrations of clozapine among patients with treatment-refractory psychosis. Methods: Data were reviewed in 82 patients with treatment-refractory psychosis admitted to a specialised tertiary-level service and treated with clozapine. Analysis focussed on the relationship between clozapine and norclozapine plasma concentrations and the patient’s clinical symptoms and functional status. Results: Clinical symptom improvement was positively correlated with norclozapine plasma concentrations and inversely correlated with clozapine to norclozapine plasma concentrations ratio. Clozapine concentrations showed a bimodal association with clinical improvement (peaks around 350 and 660 ng/ml). Clinical symptom improvement correlated with functional outcomes, although there was no significant correlation between the latter and clozapine or norclozapine plasma concentrations. Conclusion: Clozapine treatment was associated with optimal clinical improvement at two different peak plasma concentrations around 350 and 650 ng/ml. Clinical improvement was associated with functional outcome; however, functionality was not directly associated with clozapine concentrations. A subset of patients may require higher clozapine plasma concentrations to achieve clinical improvement.

Studies on potassium. IV. Interspecific differences in the uptake of non-exchangeable potassium

Soil Research ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
IF Fergus ◽  
AE Martin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Swelling Clay ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum ◽  
Plant Removal

Five soils were cropped with four plant species in pot experiments in the glasshouse, without addition of potassium, until growth virtually ceased, after which the depleted soils were replanted with either the same species, or a different one, to test the reproducibility of the 'exhaustion' conditions imposed. Uptake of potassium by the plants exceeded the changes in exchangeable potassium in four soils; the excess amounts taken up differed markedly between species and these differences were reproducible on replanting. Uptake by setaria (Setaria anceps) and siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum) exceeded that by Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) and lucerne (Medicago sativa), except for one swelling clay soil from which uptake by lucerne equalled that by siratro. Most of the differences between species were attributed to the uptake of initially non-exchangeable potassium, which was removed in significant amounts from three of the soils. For these three soils, uptake from non-exchangeable sources was detected only after about 80% of the exchangeable potassium had been removed. It is postulated that the efficiency of plant removal of non-exchangeable potassium from soil is directly related to the degree to which plant roots can lower the concentration of potassium in the soil solution.

Tropical grass/legume pastures in Northern Rhodesia

1962 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
N Level ◽  
N Yield ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Tropical Grass ◽  
Leaf N

Three grass/legume pastures were evaluated under Northern Rhodesian conditions.A plot trial measured the herbage yields of Stylosanthes gracilis, velvet beans (Stizolobium deeringianum) and giant Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) grown as pure stands, and in a mixed association with Rhodes grass. The herbage was harvested for 3 years, and the plots were then planted with a maize crop to test any residual effects.After the establishment year, the D.M. yields, and especially the C.P. yields of the legume and grass/legume treatments, were markedly superior to grass alone. The increased yield of the grass/legume mixtures was due to the net gain contributed by legume herbage. There was no evidence of an underground transference of N from the legume to the associated grass.Although there was no measurable treatment effect on soil N and C, the maize following the legume and grass/legume treatments had a higher leaf N level, and approximately double the yield, compared with the maize following the grass-alone treatments.There were no significant differences in cattle weight gains when Rhodes grass alone, Rhodes grass/Stylosanthes, Rhodes grass/velvet beans, and Rhodes grass/pigeon peas (Cajanus cajan) were utilized as hay and foggage in the dry season.Digestibility trials showed mature Rhodes grass hay to be a submaintenance feed, deficient in dietary protein. The addition of Stylosanthes raised the herbage digestible C.P. fourfold. The Rhodes grass/Stylosanthes hay was a maintenance feed.The N yield of the grass/legume mixtures, although low by temperate standards, was 2½ times the N yield of grass alone. The potential value of a tropical grass/legume pasture will depend on the efficiency of the legume to fix N.

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