Comparison of rumen in vitro fermentation of temperate pastures using different batch culture systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Keim ◽  
Robert Berthiaume ◽  
David Pacheco ◽  
Stefan Muetzel
Keyword(s):  
Batch Culture ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
Short Time

In vitro batch culture systems are popular because they are relatively inexpensive and allow the screening and testing of large amounts of samples in a short time. Most of the batch culture systems have been designed for the evaluation of gas produced during fermentation of substrates and different designs have been compared between laboratories, but very little work is published where methane production or volatile fatty acid production is compared. The aim of this study was to determine the degree of agreement between two different in vitro batch culture systems, from different laboratories when measuring in vitro fermentation kinetics and end products using pasture samples as substrates. The two systems were a manual and a fully automated pressure-based system. Duplicates of pasture samples were incubated in three consecutive runs. Concordance correlation coefficients between systems and estimates of variance components (pasture, incubation run and random error) for each system were determined for all measured variables. There were poor correlations between systems for most of the variables except for time to produce half of the asymptotic gas production and acetate molar proportion of volatile fatty acids. However, for both systems most of variance was due to pasture sample and then incubation run. The poor agreement between systems might be explained by the different laboratory protocols. Therefore, comparisons of absolute values from different batch culture systems or experiments must be done carefully. Alternatively, more standardisation in terms of sample preparation and incubation procedure may be needed to compare in vitro fermentation products among systems.

Chemical characterization and in vitro fermentation ofBrassicastraw treated with the aerobic fungus,Trametes versicolor

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Ramirez-Bribiesca ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
L. Jin ◽  
T. Canam ◽  
J. R. Town ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Trametes Versicolor ◽  
Lignin Degradation ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Lignin Degradation Products

Ramirez-Bribiesca, J. E., Wang, Y., Jin, L., Canam, T., Town, J. R., Tsang, A., Dumonceaux, T. J. and McAllister, T. A. 2011. Chemical characterization and in vitro fermentation of Brassica straw treated with the aerobic fungus, Trametes versicolor . Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 695–702. Brassica napus straw (BNS) was either not treated or was treated with two strains of Trametes versicolor; 52J (wild type) or m4D (a cellobiose dehydrogenase-deficient mutant) with four treatments: (i) untreated control (C-BNS), (ii) 52J (B-52J), (iii) m4D (B-m4D) or (iv) m4D+glucose (B-m4Dg). Glucose was provided to encourage growth of the mutant strain. All treatments with T. versicolor decreased (P<0.05) neutral-detergent fibre and increased (P<0.05) protein and the concentration of lignin degradation products in straw. Ergosterol was highest (P<0.05) in straw treated with B-52J, suggesting it generated the most fungal biomass. Insoluble lignin was reduced (P<0.05) in straw treated with B-52J and B-m4D, but not with B-m4Dg. Mannose and xylose concentration were generally higher (P<0.05) in straw treated with fungi, whereas glucose and galactose were lower as compared with C-BNS. The four treatments above were subsequently assessed in rumen in vitro fermentations, along with BNS treated with 2 mL g−1of 5 N NaOH. Concentrations of total volatile fatty acids after 24 and 48h were lower (P<0.05) in incubations that contained BNS treated with T. versicolor as compared with C-BNSor NaOH-treated BNS. Compared with C-BNS, in vitrodry matter disappearance and gas production were increased (P<0.05) by NaOH, but not by treatment with either strain of T. versicolor. Although treatment with T. versicolor did release more lignin degradation products, it did not appear to provide more degradable carbohydrate to in vitro rumen microbial populations, even when a mutant strain with compromised carbohydrate metabolism was utilized. Production of secondary compounds by the aerobic fungi may inhibit rumen microbial fermentation.

scholarly journals In vitro fermentation of carbohydrates by porcine faecal inocula and their influence on Salmonella Typhimurium growth in batch culture systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 608-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Martín-Peláez ◽  
Glenn R. Gibson ◽  
Susana M. Martín-Orúe ◽  
Annett Klinder ◽  
Robert A. Rastall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Batch Culture ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Culture Systems

scholarly journals In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics and Methane Mitigation Responded to Flavonoid Extract Levels from Alternanthera sissoo and Dietary Ratios

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Sukruthai Sommai ◽  
Anusorn Cherdthong ◽  
Chanon Suntara ◽  
Sarong So ◽  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation

Two experiments were conducted under this study: Experiment 1 was to study production yield, chemical composition, and in vitro degradability of Brazilian spinach (Alternanthera sissoo; BS) leaf and leaf + leaf-stalk at various maturity ages of 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after plantation and regrowth and Experiment 2 was to evaluate the effect of flavonoid extract from BS leaf and leaf + leaf-stalk and dietary ratios on ruminal gas production, fermentation characteristics, and in vitro degradability. Experiment 1 showed that maturity ages after planting and regrowth increased, the yield significantly increased. Increasing maturity ages significantly (p < 0.05) increased neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content and decreased crude protein content, total flavonoid (TF) content, and degradability for both leaf and leaf + leaf-stalk. Maturity ages from 15 to 30 days after plantation and regrowth resulted (p < 0.05) the highest TF content and degradability for both leaf and leaf + leaf-stalk. Thus, BS leaf and leaf + leaf-stalk samples from 15 to 30 days of age were used for flavonoid extraction and used in the Experiment 2. Experiment 2 was conducted according to a 3 × 5 factorial experiment. Three roughage to concentrate (R:C) ratios at 50:50, 40:60, and 30:70 were used, and five levels of flavonoid extract (FE) at 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg of substrate dry matter (DM) were supplemented. Experiment 2 showed that R:C ratio and FE had an interaction effect only on acetate to propionate ratio. Varying R:C ratios significantly increased (p < 0.05) in vitro DM degradability, total volatile fatty acids (VFA), and propionate (C3) concentration. FE supplementation linearly (p < 0.05) increased total VFA and C3 concentration and decreased methane production and protozoal population. This study could conclude that FE from BS could effectively modulate ruminal fermentation and decrease methane production. However, in vivo study needs to elucidate in order to validate the present results.

scholarly journals PSIX-11 In vitro fermentation parameters of defatted hemp samples at different levels of irrigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 422-423
Author(s):  
Aghata Silva ◽  
Aaron Norris ◽  
Arturo Franco ◽  
Felipe H De Moura ◽  
Mozart Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
P Value ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the influence of defatted hemp under three irrigation regimes (0, 100, and 200 mm: DF0, DF1, and DF2 respectively) on in vitro fermentation parameters relative to alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Fermentation kinetics was accessed through in vitro gas production technique. Two ruminally cannulated Angus steers were used as inoculum donors in four incubation runs. For each incubation, four 160-mL serum bottles containing 200 mg of air-dried samples were incubated in 14 mL of buffering media and 4 mL of rumen inoculum. Each incubation spanned 48h with gas production measured at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48-h post-incubation. In vitro true digestibility of dry matter (IVTDMD) and organic matter (IVTOMD), total gas production (TGP), metabolizable energy (ME) and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) were determined. Hemp and alfalfa were compared via orthogonal contrast using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS (version 9.4) with treatment as fixed effect and run as a random. Relative to alfalfa (Alf) hemp displayed increased TGP (P &lt; 0.01; 31.1 vs. 27.47 mL) that remained following correction for DM and OM (P ≤ 0.05). Similarly, IVTDMD and IVTOMD were higher for hemp (P &lt; 0.01; 77.7 vs. 70.2% and 81.7 vs. 73.9%). Hemp yielded slightly higher ME (P = 0.03) but equivalent total VFA production when compared to Alf (P = 0.62), even when corrected for DM and OM. Irrigation at 200 mm decreased TGP and fermentability of fat-extracted hemp (p-value). Results also indicate that irrigation at its highest level is detrimental to the availability of ME for rumen microbes, but not with the expense of the in vitro digestibility (IVTDMD and IVTOMD) nor in total VFA produced. In conclusion, defatted hemp samples appear to have greater digestibility and ME with equivalent VFA production relative to alfalfa.

In vitro fermentation and in situ rumen degradation kinetics of summer forage brassica plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan P. Keim ◽  
Jaime Cabanilla ◽  
Oscar A. Balocchi ◽  
Rubén G. Pulido ◽  
Annick Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Forage Rape

The aim of the present study was to assess and compare the nutrient concentration, the in vitro fermentation and the in situ rumen degradation characteristics of Brassica rapa ssp. rapa L. (turnips) and Brassica napus ssp. biennis L. (forage rape). Five varieties of each species were established in three field replicates and were organised in a randomised complete-block nested design. All varieties were harvested and further analysed for chemical composition, in vitro gas-production kinetics, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and in situ degradation kinetics of dry matter (DM) and crude protein. Turnips showed higher ash, total sugars, raffinose, sucrose, glucose and fructose concentrations (P &lt; 0.001) than did forage rape. Turnip varieties differed in their sucrose, glucose, fructose and total soluble sugar concentration (P &lt; 0.001), whereas rape varieties differed in their neutral detergent fibre concentration (P = 0.004) and digestible organic matter on a DM basis (P &lt; 0.01). Regarding DM-degradation parameters, turnips had a higher soluble fraction ‘a’ (P &lt; 0.01) and a lower insoluble, but potentially degradable fraction ‘b’ (P &lt; 0.01) than did rape, but the fractional degradation rate ‘c’ (0.18/h) was similar to that of rape. Rates of gas production were slightly higher (P = 0.018) for turnip than for rape. No effects for brassica species nor for varieties within species were detected (P &gt; 0.05) for total in vitro VFA production, as well as for the relative proportions of acetate, propionate, butyrate, branch chained VFA and the actetate:propionate ratio. Our study showed that most of the differences that were observed in terms of chemical composition and degradation kinetics did not result in differences in in vitro fermentation products.

The acute effect of addition of nitrate on in vitro and in vivo methane emission in dairy cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lund ◽  
R. Dahl ◽  
H. J. Yang ◽  
A. L. F. Hellwing ◽  
B. B. Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation

The effects of a 24-h administration of a ration high in nitrate (20 g/kg DM) on DM intake and enteric gas production in lactating dairy cows as well as the effect of different doses of nitrate on in vitro fermentation were studied. Nitrate reduced in vivo methane (CH4) production by 31%, and CH4 production increased again when nitrate supplementation was stopped. A similar effect was found when relating CH4 to carbon dioxide, and to DM intake. Addition of nitrate was followed by increased hydrogen production, which decreased again when nitrate was stopped. Nitrate addition did not affect in vitro rumen fermentation in terms of DM degradability, pH, ammonia nitrogen, microbial protein and volatile fatty acid production, but it decreased gas production with longer initial delay time before onset of gas production and lower gas production rate. Nitrate added at 7–20 g/kg ration DM significantly decreased net initial (0–12 h) CH4 production by 10–16%, although no further depression was observed afterwards.

scholarly journals Preliminary evaluation of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seed gum as a potential prebiotic for growing rabbits in Tunisia: effects on in vivo faecal digestibility and in vitro fermentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
J. Zemzmi ◽  
L. Ródenas ◽  
E. Blas ◽  
H. Abdouli ◽  
T. Najar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Seed Gum ◽  
Caecal Fermentation

<p>This study aims to determine the effect of dietary inclusion of fenugreek seed gum (FSG), rich in galactomannans, on nutrient apparent digestibility and caecal environment, as well as on <em>in vitro</em> caecal fermentation of Tunisian growing rabbits. Three experimental diets were formulated, including 0, 0.25 and 0.5% of FSG (FSG0, FSG0.25 and FSG0.5, respectively) for the <em>in vivo</em> trial and 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 100% of FSG (FSG0, FSG0125, FSG0.25, FSG0.5 and FSG100, respectively) for the <em>in vitro</em> trial. In the <em>in vivo</em> trial, 45 weaned rabbits 31 d old (15 per treatment) were housed in individual cages until 94 d of age. Apparent digestibility coefficients were determined at two ages, from 38 to 41 and from 56 to 59 d old, and caecal traits were recorded after slaughtering. In the <em>in vitro</em> trial, the five experimental diets were incubated with a rabbit caecal inoculum. Gas production was measured and modelled until 72 h and the fermentation traits were measured. Apparent faecal digestibility coefficients of main nutrients and main caecal environment traits were not significantly affected by the dietary inclusion of FSG (<em>P</em>&gt;0.05). However, animals fed with FSG showed lower caecal pH (–0.15; <em>P</em>&lt;0.05) values. Regarding the in vitro fermentation, FSG100 increased asymptotic gas production (+11.25, <em>P</em>&lt;0.001), sharpness of the switching characteristic of the profile (+1.98, <em>P</em>&lt;0.001) and the maximum substrate degradation rate (RM) (+0.188, <em>P</em>&lt;0.001), but decreasing the time after incubation at which half of the asymptotic amount of gas has been formed (–5.86, <em>P</em>&lt;0.001) and at which RM occurs (–4.53, <em>P</em>&lt;0.01). Likewise, FSG100 significantly decreased caecal pH (–1.035, <em>P</em>&lt;0.001), lactic acid (–9.51, <em>P</em>&lt;0.069) and N-NH<sub>3</sub> concentrations (–12.81, <em>P</em>&lt;0.001). Meanwhile, it increased the total volatile fatty acids (VFA) production (+43.15, <em>P</em>&lt;0.001). Gradual dietary inclusion of FSG from 0 to 0.5% only significantly increased total VFA production in the caecum (+100 mmol/L per percentage point of FSG inclusion; <em>P</em>&lt;0.05). In conclusion, FSG is highly and rapidly in vitro fermented by rabbit caecal bacteria. However, dietary inclusion of FSG up to 0.5%, might be insufficient to affect the apparent digestibility and fermentation profile of growing rabbits to a great extent.</p>

Nutritive value, in vitro fermentation and methane production of perennial pastures as affected by botanical composition over a growing season in the south of Chile

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 598 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Keim ◽  
I. F. López ◽  
R. Berthiaume
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
The South ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Microbial N

Permanent pastures have been shown to produce similar herbage masses and nutrient contents to perennial ryegrass pastures. To the best of our knowledge, little research has been conducted on the ruminal fermentation of permanent pastures. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of botanical composition of four perennial pastures during a growing season in the south of Chile [winter, September 2010 ‘S1’; spring, November 2010 ‘S2’; and summer, January 2011 ‘S3’]: on in vitro fermentation products using a batch culture system. The perennial pastures studied included: permanent (PP), permanent fertilised (PFP) and renovated pastures (Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens pasture ‘RGWC’; Bromus valdivianus, Dactylis glomerata, Holcus lanatus, L. perenne and T. repens ‘MIXED’). There were strong interactions between pasture type and regrowth period for true organic matter, nitrogen (N) and neutral detergent fibre digestibility; total gas and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production; ammonia and microbial N. In general, all pasture treatments showed a high true organic matter digestibility (>800 g/kg), and tended to decrease in S3. In vitro fermentation of PFP and RGWC produced the highest total VFA concentration during S1 and S2, and no differences among pastures were observed in summer. Propionate proportion of total VFA was affected by pasture type and regrowth period, being higher for RGWC and S1, respectively. In vitro microbial N was higher for MIXED in S1, and PFP in S2 and S3. No pasture and regrowth period effects were observed for methane production and its proportion of total gas production. These results indicate that the in vitro fermentation products of a permanent fertilised pasture reach similar levels to those obtained from a sown pasture, and thus may be considered as a sustainable alternative for grazing livestock systems.

scholarly journals Rumen In Vitro Fermentation and In Situ Degradation Kinetics of Winter Forage Brassicas Crops

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daza ◽  
Benavides ◽  
Pulido ◽  
Balocchi ◽  
Bertrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
In Situ Degradation

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the nutritional value, the rumen in vitro fermentation, and the in situ degradation of Brassica oleracea (L.) ssp. acephala (kales) and Brassica napus (L.) ssp. napobrassica (swedes) for winter use. Five varieties of each brassica were used in three field replicates and were randomized in a complete block nested design. All forage varieties were harvested at 210 days post-sowing to analyze the chemical composition, in vitro gas production, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and in situ dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradability. Kales presented higher DM and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content (p < 0.01), whereas swedes showed higher CP, metabolizable energy (ME), glucose, fructose, total sugars, NFC, and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) content (p < 0.01). The kale and swede varieties differed in their CP and sugar concentrations, whereas the kale varieties differed in their DM and raffinose content. The rates of gas production were higher for swedes than for kales (p < 0.01). No differences between the brassica species (p > 0.05) were observed in the total VFA production, whereas kales had a higher proportion of acetate and swedes had higher proportions of butyrate (p < 0.05). Only the swede varieties showed differences in VFA production (p < 0.05). The soluble fraction “a”, potential and effective in situ DM degradability were higher in swedes (p < 0.01), but kales presented greater DM and CP degradation rates. Differences were observed between brassica species in the chemical composition, degradation kinetics, and ruminal fermentation products, whereas differences among varieties within species were less frequent but need to be considered.

Effect of non-ionophore feed antibiotics on in vitro fermentation in the ovine rumen and rabbit caecum

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MAROUNEK ◽  
D. DUšKOVÁ ◽  
V. SKŘIVANOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Molar Percentage ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Net Production ◽  
Microbial System ◽  
Caecal Fermentation

Experiments were carried out at Uhříněves (Czech Republic) in 1996 and 1997 to evaluate the effects of avoparcin, bacitracin, flavomycin, tylosin and virginiamycin on in vitro fermentation of ovine ruminal contents and rabbit caecal contents. In incubations of the rumen contents supplied with starch, hemicellulose and pectin, all antibiotics at 20 μg/ml decreased production of fermentation gas and changed molar composition of fermentation products in favour of propionate. Flavomycin, tylosin and virginiamycin significantly decreased total production of volatile fatty acids (VFA). In incubations of the rabbit caecal contents, attempts to modify composition of microbial metabolites failed. Bacitracin was the only antibiotic which significantly increased the molar percentage of propionate and decreased acetate. This fermentation shift was accompanied by a decrease in total VFA production. The net production of propionate was thus similar in control and bacitracin-treated cultures. Rumen in vitro fermentation yielded more fermentation gas, methane and propionate than rabbit caecal fermentation of the same substrate. There was no apparent effect of antibiotics tested on methanogens in either microbial system, as the ratios of methane to VFA production were similar in control and treated cultures.

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