Consequences of nutrition during gestation, and the challenge to better understand and enhance livestock productivity and efficiency in pastoral ecosystems

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. Greenwood ◽  
Alan W. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Breeding Herd ◽  
Grazing Ecosystem ◽  
Livestock Productivity ◽  
Pastoral Ecosystems

The major economic costs to ruminant livestock producers of meat are associated with the breeding herd, which is an important target for improving productivity and efficiency at pasture. There is increasing interest in how to manage breeding females and their offspring to either minimise the consequences of adverse environmental effects or to enhance productivity and efficiency of offspring. This paper briefly reviews influences on fetal growth including the placenta, and reports results of our studies on factors including chronic, severe nutritional restriction during pregnancy and/or lactation within pasture-based systems on postnatal productivity of beef cattle. Cattle severely growth restricted early in life can have reduced weight for age to market weight, but with little or no alteration to normal allometric growth patterns of carcass tissues or beef quality, at least within pasture-based systems. The extent to which Bill McClymont’s vision of improving productivity and efficiency through improved understanding of the interactions between livestock, plants and soils can be realised is limited by our capacity to generate, in a timely manner, objective data on animal performance including intake and feed use efficiency within pastoral ecosystems. The capacity to improve productivity and efficiency, most notably for the breeding herd, within pastoral ecosystems will be enhanced by the development of wireless sensor networks and methods to manage and develop applications from ‘big data’. These applications of wireless sensor networks will include measurement of pasture intake, which is the input trait that underpins livestock production efficiency. Consistent with Bill McClymont’s vision, consumption of pasture by ruminants represents the point in the grazing ecosystem where livestock interface with plants and soils, and thus measurement of pasture intake should be a high priority for future research on productivity and efficiency.

scholarly journals Opportunities and Challenges for Error Control Schemes for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 504
Author(s):  
Rajan Kadel ◽  
Krishna Paudel ◽  
Deepani B. Guruge ◽  
Sharly J. Halder
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Error Correcting Codes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Asymmetric Structure ◽  
Design And Implementation

Error Correction Schemes (ECSs) significantly contribute to enhancing reliability and energy efficiency of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). This review paper offers an overview of the different types of ECS used in communication systems and a synopsis of the standards for WSN. We also discuss channels and network models for WSN as they are crucial for efficient ECS design and implementation. The literature review conducted on the proposed energy consumption and efficiency models for WSN indicates that existing research work has not considered Single Hop Asymmetric Structure (SHAS) with high performing Error Correcting Codes (ECCs). We present a review on proposed ECS for WSN based on three criteria: Forward Error Correction (FEC), adaptive error correction techniques, and other techniques. Based on our review work, we found that there are limited works on ECS design on a realistic network model i.e., a modified multi-hop WSN model. Finally, we offer future research challenges and opportunities on ECS design and implementation for WSN.

scholarly journals Hole Detection for Quantifying Connectivity in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pearl Antil ◽  
Amita Malik
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Detection Algorithms ◽  
Coverage Hole ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Detection Schemes ◽  
Coverage Hole Detection ◽  
Hole Detection

Owing to random deployment, environmental factors, dynamic topology, and external attacks, emergence of holes in wireless sensor networks is inescapable. Hole is an area in sensor network around which sensors cease to sense or communicate due to drainage of battery or any fault, either temporary or permanent. Holes impair sensing and communication functions of network; thus their identification is a major concern. This paper discusses different types of holes and significance of hole detection in wireless sensor networks. Coverage hole detection schemes have been classified into three categories based on the type of information used by algorithms, computation model, and network dynamics for better understanding. Then, relative strengths and shortcomings of some of the existing coverage hole detection algorithms are discussed. The paper is concluded by highlighting various future research directions.

scholarly journals Data Collection in Studies on Internet of Things (IoT), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), and Sensor Cloud (SC): Similarities and Differences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihsan Ali
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Efficient Data ◽  
Sensor Cloud

<div>Data collection is an essential part of sensor devices, particularly in such technologies Like Internet of Things (IoT), wireless sensor networks (WSN), and sensor cloud (SC). In recent years, various literature had been published in these research areas to propose different models, architectures, and contributions in the domains. Due to the importance of efficient data collection regarding reducing. energy consumption, latency, network lifetime, and general cost, a momentous literature volume has been published to facilitate data collection. Hence, review studies have been conducted on data collection in these domains in isolation. However, a lack of comprehensive review collectively identifies and analyzes the differences and similarities among the data collection proposals in IoT, WSN, and SC. The main objective of this research is to conduct a comprehensive survey to explore the current state, use cases, contributions, performance measures, evaluation measures, and architecture in the IoT, WSN, and SC research domains. The findings indicate that studies on data collection in IoT, WSN, and SC are relatively consistent with stable output in the last five years. Nine novel contributions are found with models, algorithms, and frameworks being the most utilized by the selected studies. In conclusion, key research challenges and future research directions have been identified and discussed.</div>

scholarly journals Data Collection in Studies on Internet of Things (IoT), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), and Sensor Cloud (SC): Similarities and Differences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihsan Ali
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Efficient Data ◽  
Sensor Cloud

<div>Data collection is an essential part of sensor devices, particularly in such technologies Like Internet of Things (IoT), wireless sensor networks (WSN), and sensor cloud (SC). In recent years, various literature had been published in these research areas to propose different models, architectures, and contributions in the domains. Due to the importance of efficient data collection regarding reducing. energy consumption, latency, network lifetime, and general cost, a momentous literature volume has been published to facilitate data collection. Hence, review studies have been conducted on data collection in these domains in isolation. However, a lack of comprehensive review collectively identifies and analyzes the differences and similarities among the data collection proposals in IoT, WSN, and SC. The main objective of this research is to conduct a comprehensive survey to explore the current state, use cases, contributions, performance measures, evaluation measures, and architecture in the IoT, WSN, and SC research domains. The findings indicate that studies on data collection in IoT, WSN, and SC are relatively consistent with stable output in the last five years. Nine novel contributions are found with models, algorithms, and frameworks being the most utilized by the selected studies. In conclusion, key research challenges and future research directions have been identified and discussed.</div>

scholarly journals Trilateration based localization method using mobile anchor in wireless sensor networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
M.G. Kavitha ◽  
Vinoth Kumar Kalimuthu ◽  
T. Jayasankar
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Localization Algorithm ◽  
Localization Method ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
Movement Trajectories ◽  
Mobile Anchor ◽  
Anchor Nodes

<p><span>Localization in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is essential in many applications like target tracking, military applications and environmental monitoring. Anchors which are equipped with global positioning system (GPS) facility are useful for finding the location information of nodes. These anchor nodes may be static or dynamic in nature. In this paper, we propose mobile anchors assisted localization algorithm based on regular hexagons in two-dimensional WSNs. We draw a conclusion that the number of anchor nodes greatly affect the performance of localization in a WSN. An optimal number of anchor nodes significantly reduces the localization error of unknown nodes and also guarantees that unknown nodes can obtain high localization accuracy. Because of the mobility of anchor nodes high volume of sensing region is covered with less period of time and hence the coverage ratio of the proposed algorithm increases. Number of communications also decreases for the reason that the system contains log<sub>e</sub> (n) number of anchor nodes which leads to less energy consumption at nodes. Simulation results show that our LUMAT algorithm significantly outperforms the localization method containing single anchor node in the network. Movement trajectories of mobile anchors should be designed dynamically or partially according to the observable environment or deployment situations to make full use of real-time information during localization. This is the future research issue in the area of mobile anchor assisted localization algorithm.</span></p>

Mitigation of Hot Spots on Wireless Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
pp. 206-222
Author(s):  
Fernando Gielow ◽  
Michele Nogueira ◽  
Aldri Santos
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Traffic Pattern ◽  
Research Perspectives

The use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has increased over the past years, supporting applications such as environmental monitoring, security systems, and multimedia streaming. These networks are characterized by a many-to-one traffic pattern. Hence, sensor nodes near to the sink have higher energy consumption, being prone to earlier deaths and failures. Those areas overloaded with high traffic rates are called Hot Spots, and their emergence creates and expands energy holes that compromise network lifetime and data delivery rates, and may result in disconnected areas. This chapter provides an overview of techniques to mitigate Hot Spot impacts, such as the uneven distribution of sensors, routes that balance energy consumption, sink mobility, and the use of unequal clustering. Further, it depicts the approach for achieving mitigation of sink centered Hot Spots. Finally, this chapter presents conclusions and future research perspectives.

scholarly journals Sequential Monte Carlo Localization Methods in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammar M. A. Abu Znaid ◽  
Mohd. Yamani Idna Idris ◽  
Ainuddin Wahid Abdul Wahab ◽  
Liana Khamis Qabajeh ◽  
Omar Adil Mahdi
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Sequential Monte Carlo ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

The advancement of digital technology has increased the deployment of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in our daily life. However, locating sensor nodes is a challenging task in WSNs. Sensing data without an accurate location is worthless, especially in critical applications. The pioneering technique in range-free localization schemes is a sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) method, which utilizes network connectivity to estimate sensor location without additional hardware. This study presents a comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art SMC localization schemes. We present the schemes as a thematic taxonomy of localization operation in SMC. Moreover, the critical characteristics of each existing scheme are analyzed to identify its advantages and disadvantages. The similarities and differences of each scheme are investigated on the basis of significant parameters, namely, localization accuracy, computational cost, communication cost, and number of samples. We discuss the challenges and direction of the future research work for each parameter.

QoS-Based Data Aggregation Technology in Wireless Sensor Networks

2011 ◽  
Vol 135-136 ◽  
pp. 702-708
Author(s):  
Zheng Yu Chen ◽  
Geng Yang ◽  
Guo Hua Li ◽  
Jian Xu
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Data Aggregation ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Definition Of

The main goal of data-aggregation algorithms in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is to gather and aggregate data in an energy efficient manner so that network lifetime is enhanced. In this article, we focus on QoS-based data-aggregation problems in WSNs. Firstly, we provide a definition of the different QoS parameters for data aggregation, such as energy efficiency, network lifetime, data latency and data quality. Then, we compare the different algorithms on each QoS parameter, describe the main features of each algorithm, and highlight the trade-offs between each parameter. Finally, we conclude with possible future research directions on QoS-based data aggregation in WSNs.

Media Access Control Protocols in Multimedia Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey

2011 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 768-772
Author(s):  
Zhe Tao Li ◽  
Tingrui Pei ◽  
Shu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Access Control ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Processing Information ◽  
Information Media

Multimedia wireless sensor networks (MWSN) have outstanding ability of acquiring and processing information. Media access control is a research hotspot in MWSN. Many MAC protocols with different objectives for wireless sensor networks have been proposed by researchers, however, few of them suit for MWSN. This article presented an overview of characteristics and challenges of MAC in MWSN. We firstly overviewed of the research effort; then we compared different protocols; finally we point out some possible directions of future research on MAC layer design.

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