Ultrasonographic measurements of kidney fat thickness and Longissimus muscle area in predicting body composition of pregnant goats

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla J. Härter ◽  
Herymá G. O. Silva ◽  
Lisiane D. Lima ◽  
Douglas S. Castagnino ◽  
Astrid R. Rivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Omental Fat

Non-invasive methods for estimating body composition to monitor nutritional status in goats have been less studied. Therefore, this study estimated the body composition and fat depots of pregnant goats by using indirect measurements, such as bodyweight (BW) and ultrasound measurements of the Longissimus muscle area (LMA) and kidney fat thickness (KFT). Forty-three pregnant goats were slaughtered at 50, 80, 110 and 140 days of gestation to determine the gross energy and fat content in the body, as well as to obtain the mass of renal fat, omental fat and non-carcass fat. After the slaughter, the mass of fat depots was recorded and the whole body of the each animal was ground to take samples for determining gross energy (using a bomb calorimeter) and fat (Soxhlet extraction with ether). Animals were weighed, and ultrasonographic measurements were taken at the time of slaughter. The LMA and KFT measurements were taken between the 12th and 13th rib and after the 13th rib space, respectively, and these measurements were used to estimate total gross energy, body fat content and the renal fat, omental fat and non-carcass fat mass. Multiple regressions were performed using Proc mixed of SAS. No significant correlation was observed between gross energy and body fat composition, the number of fetuses or the days of gestation. LMA and BW were positively related to body fat and gross energy contents. KFT and BW showed a positive correlation with renal fat depots, omental fat content and non-carcass fat mass. The estimated models revealed that the total body fat increased from 15.6% to 20.8% of bodyweight from 50 to 140 days of gestation. This report is the first study using kidney fat thickness as a tool to predict fat depots in goats. LMA, BW and KFT measurements will enable the development of models to aid in the monitoring of the nutritional status of goats during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Effects of Motor-Games-Based Concurrent Training Program on Body Composition Indicators of Chilean Adults with Down Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5737
Author(s):  
Claudio Farías-Valenzuela ◽  
Cristian Cofré-Bolados ◽  
Gerson Ferrari ◽  
Sebastián Espoz-Lazo ◽  
Giovanny Arenas-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Concurrent Training ◽  
Muscle Area

Background: Concurrent training of strength and endurance has been widely ued in the field of health, with favorable effects on body composition. However, the effect on the body composition of a ludic-motor concurrent proposal in adults with Down syndrome has not been quantified yet. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a concurrent training program based on motor games on body composition indicators and cardiometabolic risk on schooled male adults with Down syndrome. Methods: The sample is composed of 15 male adults with Down syndrome from Chile. Body composition variables such as body mass index, waist circumference, height to waist ratio, skin folds, perimeters, and muscle areas were assessed at the beginning and end of the program. Subsequently, a program of motor games was designed and implemented for 10 months. Results: Mean and standard deviation for body fat were pre (25.36 ± 5.60) and post (23.01 ± 6.20)%; waist circumference pre (86.00 ± 8.97) and post (82.07 ± 8.38) cm. Brachial perimeter and muscle area were pre (22.30 ± 2.80) and post (23.61 ± 2.28) cm; pre (40.19 ± 10.09) and post (44.77 ± 8.48) cm2, respectively. Our findings showed significant results (p < 0.05): body fat %; sum of folds; waist circumference; height to waist ratio; brachial perimeter and brachial muscle area. Conclusion: A concurrent training program implemented through motor skills games decreases body fat and cardiovascular risk and increases the muscle mass in male adults with Down syndrome.

The growth of Clun and Southdown sheep: body composition and the partitioning of total body fat

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Butler-Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Omental Fat

ABSTRACTThe growth of Southdown and Clun lambs was studied over the period birth to 415 days of age.At birth, 50, 100, 150 and 200 days of age five lambs of each breed, and at 415 days three lambs of each breed, were slaughtered and their body composition determined by dissection.The relative growth of lean, bone and total body fat was not influenced by breed. At each age both Cluns and Southdowns had similar proportions of total body fat, and were considered to be at the same stage of maturity.There was a breed difference in fat partitioning, with the Clun depositing proportionately more of its total body fat intra-abdominally, compared with the Southdown. However, there was no significant effect of breed on the growth of individual fat depots relative to total fat. From earliest to latest the order of maturity was pericardial, intermuscular, perirenal-retroperitoneal, mesenteric, subcutaneous and lastly, omental fat.

scholarly journals Effect of Eight-Week Training Programme on V02 Max and Body Composition

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Kim Geok SOH ◽  
Ruby HUSAIN
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Impact

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.The purpose of the study was to determine the maximal oxygen consumption (V02 max) and the body fat content in Malaysian national junior netball players and the impact of an eight-week aerobic and strength-training programme on these two variables. A total of 21 netball players (mean age of 16.12±1.55 years old) from Bukit Jalil Sports School were the subjects used. The 12-minute Run was used to determine the V02 max while the body composition was calculated using the skinfold method. Pre-test and post-test results showed significant improvement in the V02 max and body fat content among the netball players. The Z value for the V02 max test was -3.25 (p

Can Obesity Be Controlled?

Physiology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
DJ Flint ◽  
CE Futter ◽  
M Peaker
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Human Obesity ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Body Fat Content

Antibodies to fat cell membranes have major effects on fat depots and body composition. In rats the use of such antibodies has resulted in a 30% reduction in body fat content. The success of this novel approach has major implications for the meat industry and may lead to a new approach to the control of human obesity.

scholarly journals Evaluating indices of nutritional condition for caribou (Rangifer tarandus): which are the most valuable and why?

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 596-613
Author(s):  
Rachel C. Cook ◽  
John A. Crouse ◽  
John G. Cook ◽  
Thomas R. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Nutritional Condition ◽  
Marrow Fat ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Gross Energy

Body composition studies are critical for evaluating the accuracy of nutritional condition indices for predicting body components. We evaluated >40 indices of nutritional condition for caribou (Rangifer tarandus (Linnaeus, 1758)) using 29 female caribou captured from three populations in Alaska (USA) that ranged in condition from 2.3% to 11.2% ingesta-free body fat (IFBF) and 6 captive female caribou that ranged in condition from 8.1% to 26.0% IFBF. Estimates of body fat, protein, and gross energy were regressed against each index of nutritional condition. Generally, indices with linear or slightly curvilinear relations to body fat and those based on multiple fat depots were the most accurate in predicting nutritional condition and the most useful over the full range of nutritional condition. A scaledLIVINDEX (a combination of subcutaneous fat thickness and a condition score), CONINDEX (a combination of kidney fat and marrow fat), and a subset of the Kistner score (pericardium and kidneys only) had the strongest relationship with body fat (r2 > 0.86) and were useful over the entire range of nutritional condition. If used properly and with adequate training, indices of nutritional condition can be a critical tool for understanding the severity and seasonality of nutritional limitations in wild caribou populations.

scholarly journals Einfluss des nach der TOBEC-Methode bestimmten Fettgehaltes bei Kaninchen auf die Wurfleistungen und die Körperzusammensetzung der Nachkommen

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-411
Author(s):  
A. Lévai ◽  
G. Milisits
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Body Fat Content

Abstract. Title of the paper: Effect of selection on body fat content by means of the TOBEC method on some reproductive traits of rabbit does and on the body composition of growing rabbits In this experiment body fat content of Pannon White growing rabbits was determined at 10 weeks of age using an EM-SCAN SA-3152 type Small Animal Body Composition Analyser (TOBEC method). Based on the fat content determined the best and worst 16% of the does and the best and worst 8% of the bucks were chosen and mated with each other (fatty doe with fatty buck and lean doe with lean buck). It was found that the conception rate was significantly higher and the number of inseminations needed for the second kindling significantly lower in the case of fatty rabbits. An important, but not significant difference was observed in the case of total litter size at birth, which decreased in the case of live born litter size. This reason was the significantly higher ratio of the dead born pups in the case of non-fatty rabbits. Due to the higher ratio of total litter loss and suckling mortality in the case of fatty rabbits the litter size at 21 days differed notably, but again not significantly. In the offsprings of the F1 generation it was found that the fat content estimated and also the ratio of scapular and abdominal fat to the live weight calculated differed significantly (P < 0.05) from each other in the two experimental groups. The estimated fat content was 42% higher in the offsprings of fatty than in the offsprings of non-fatty rabbits. The differences in the ratio of the scapular and abdominal fat content to the live weight were 26% and 51%, respectively.

Effect of environmental temperature on hamster body fat composition

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 863-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur M. Kodama ◽  
Nello Pace
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Fat Content

Body fat content and the melting point and fatty acid composition of body fat of hamsters exposed to 35, 27, 20, 15, 10, and 6 C for 2 weeks were determined. The relationship between exposure temperature and body fat content and composition resembled that between environmental temperature and metabolic rate. Below the critical temperature, there was a progressive decrease in total body fat content and melting point accompanied by a decrease in the mole fraction of palmitic acid and an increase in the mole fraction of oleic acid. The softening of body fat in cold-exposed animals appears to be the result of an increased mobilization of depot fat in response to a higher metabolic rate in the cold, a mobilization which is at least partially selective with respect to individual fatty acids or triglycerides. Examination of changes in whole body composition revealed that 72% of the loss in body weight of hamsters exposed to 6 C was due to a decrease in body fat content. In contrast, the decrease in body fat content accounted for only 28% of the body weight loss of pair-fed hamsters kept at 27 C on reduced caloric intake to match the body weight loss experienced by cold-exposed animals. It appears, therefore, that cold exposure induces a more effective fat depot mobilization than does reduced caloric intake. heat exposure; cold exposure; body composition Submitted on February 3, 1964

Changes in body composition relative to weight and maturity of Australian Dorset Horn rams and wethers 4. Adipocyte volume and number in dissected fat partitions

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Thompson ◽  
R. M. Butterfield
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
Adipocyte Volume ◽  
Omental Fat

ABSTRACTThe effect of castration on the cellular characteristics of dissected fat partitions was examined in 20 Dorset Horn rams and 20 Dorset Horn wethers. Cellular characteristics of dissected carcass (subcutaneous and intermuscular partitions) and non-carcass (kidney fat, omental and mesenteric partitions) fat partitions were examined in 13 mature animals, and the rate of change in adipocyte volume relative to the change in chemical-fat weight in that partition, examined in 27 immature animals.Mature wethers had a greater concentration of chemical fat in the subcutaneous fat partition than mature rams (917 v. 885 g/kg, respectively). This, in combination with a greater weight of dissected subcutaneous fat, resulted in a greater weight of chemical fat in the subcutaneous partition of wethers compared with rams. Mature wethers had larger adipocytes than mature rams in all dissected fat partitions, with the largest increase in the subcutaneous and omental fat partitions. The increased adipocyte volume in the dissected fat partitions in mature wethers resulted in a smaller total estimated number of adipocytes in all carcass and non-carcass fat partitions compared with mature rams.Standardized allometric coefficients for adipocyte volume relative to chemical-fat weight in that partition showed that increases in chemical-fat weight were due to a combination of hypertrophy and hyperplasia. In the omental and kidney fat partitions, hypertrophy contributed more to the increase in chemical-fat weight in wethers compared with rams.

scholarly journals Total Body Fat Content versus BMI in 4-Year-Old Healthy Swedish Children

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabet Forsum ◽  
Eva Flinke Carlsson ◽  
Hanna Henriksson ◽  
Pontus Henriksson ◽  
Marie Löf
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
High Body ◽  
Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Measurement Session ◽  
Total Body

Childhood overweight and obesity, a worldwide problem, is generally identified using BMI (body mass index). However, this application of BMI has been little investigated in children below 5 years of age due to a lack of appropriate methods to assess body composition. Therefore, we used air displacement plethysmography (ADP) to study 4.4-year old boys and girls since this method is accurate in young children if they accept the requirements of the measurement. The purpose was to analyze the relationship between BMI and body fat in these children. Body composition was assessed in 76 (43 boys, 33 girls) of the 84 children brought to the measurement session. Boys and girls contained25.2±4.7and26.8±4.0% body fat, respectively. BMI-based cut-offs for overweight could not effectively identify children with a high body fat content. There was a significant (P<0.001) but weak (r=0.39) correlation between BMI and body fat (%). In conclusion, requirements associated with a successful assessment of body composition by means of ADP were accepted by most 4-year-olds. Furthermore, BMI-based cut-offs for overweight did not effectively identify children with a high body fatness and BMI explained only a small proportion of the variation in body fat (%) in this age group.

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