A review of the genetic and non-genetic factors affecting extended lactation in pasture-based dairy systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Abdelsayed ◽  
Peter C. Thomson ◽  
Herman W. Raadsma
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Environmental Interactions ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Dairy Systems ◽  
Extended Lactation

Milk production per cow has significantly increased over the last 50 years due to the strong genetic selection for increased milk production; associated with this increased production has been a decline in reproductive performance. As a result, superior-yielding cows that have failed to get into calf in a traditional 12-month calving system may be carried over and milked continuously for another 6 months instead of being culled. Studies indicate that cows are able to achieve lactations greater than 305 days and up to 670 days under pasture-based systems, with and without the use of supplementary feeds. Extended lactations of 16 months are most common and economically viable in Australian dairy systems. These findings indicate a potential role for extended lactation in countries such as Australia, where pasture-based dairy systems in which Holstein-Friesian dairy cows predominate. However, variation between cows in their milk yield profiles and the ability of cows to reach a planned dry-off date over an extended lactation occurs depending on the cow’s genetic strain, nutrition and environmental interactions, with certain strains of cow being better suited to extended lactation than others. The focus of this review is to examine the scope for genetic improvement as well as important considerations (non-genetic factors) when selecting suitable animals for extended lactation in pasture-based dairy systems, with an emphasis on Australian systems. These considerations include the impacts of cow strain, nutrition, milk production, and biological and economical costs associated with extended lactation. Methods for modelling extended lactation and estimating genetic parameters of lactation persistency, milk yield and component traits under extended lactation will be addressed and future directions for further research suggested.

Comparison of milk production, mastitis, lameness and days to conception of Brown Swiss, Holstein and Holstein cross Brown Swiss dairy cattle

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 ◽  
pp. 86-86
Author(s):  
G Wellwood ◽  
J K Margerison
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Holstein Friesian

Mastitis is a complex disease causing inflammation of the udder, which has been estimated to cost the dairy farmer between £40-£117/cow per year (Stott et al., 2002). Economic loss occurs as a result of discarded milk, reduced milk yield and milk quality, increased vet costs and an increase in replacement costs. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of breed on the incidence of mastitis and somatic cell counts and milk production capabilities of Holstein Friesian, Brown Swiss and Brown Swiss crossbred cows.

scholarly journals THE FACTORS AFFECTING MILK YIELD IN DIARY FARMING IN GREATER GUWAHATI REGION OF ASSAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
pp. 723-728
Author(s):  
Heman Sarmah ◽  
◽  
Jnanashree Borah ◽  
Tirthankar Sarma ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Policy Maker ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Farming Households

The production of milk is conceived of several factors and a very multifarious process. The knowledge of relative importance of the resource inputs influencing in milk production is essential for the dairy farmer for introducing desirable change in his operation at micro level and for the policy maker for formulating plans for improvements in dairy cattle productivity based on sound economic principles at the macro level (Rao, 1985).The income level of the dairy household is determined by the production of milk they produce at their farms. Generally, the income of the dairy household increases when the milk production cost decreases or when the milk production increases .For this it is essential to study the factors which directly or indirectly effect the milk production. Household samples have been selected both from the municipal wards of Guwahati Municipal Corporation area. Out of 672 dairy farming households, 201 household have been selected for the survey. Regression analysis has been used for the study of factors affecting milk production in greater Guwahati region of Assam.

Effect of temperature and relative humidity on the milk production of dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Ivan Imrich ◽  
Róbert Toman ◽  
Martina Pšenková ◽  
Eva Mlyneková ◽  
Tomáš Kanka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Index Value

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of environmental housing conditions on the milk yield of dairy cows. Measurements were taken in the summer period from June to September 2020 and in the winter period during January 2021 on a large-capacity farm of Holstein Friesian cattle. Cows were housed in free stall barn with the lying boxes and selected during the second or third lactations, in the summer period from the 51st day to the 135th day and in the winter period from the 64th day to the 120th day of lactation. The average temperature in the housing was 23 °C in summer, and 7.05 °C in winter. The average THI (thermal humidity index) value in summer was 70.43, but during the day the THI values sometimes reached 75. The dairy cows were therefore exposed to heat stress during summer. Increasing THI and temperature values negatively affected the milk yield, as there was a negative correlation between both THI and milk yield (r = -0.641; p <0.01) and temperature and milk yield (r = -0.637; p <0.01). Milk production in winter was at 58.77 kg per day and in summer at 49.55 kg per day. In the summer, the milk had a significantly lower content of fat (p <0.05), proteins (p <0.001), lactose (p <0.001), minerals (p <0.001) and conversely, a higher number of somatic cells (p <0.01). These results show that worse environmental conditions during the summer negatively affected the level of milk yield and the composition of the cows’ milk.

Relationships among udder type traits and milk yield of Iranian Holstein-Friesian cattle

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 141-141
Author(s):  
M. R. Sanjabi ◽  
M. G. Govindaiah ◽  
M. M. Moeini
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
High Production ◽  
Friesian Cattle

Correlation among type traits and with milk production has been investigated by Brotherstone (1994) and Misztal et al (1992). One of the primary reasons for collecting and utilizing information on type traits is to aid breeders in selecting profitable functional cows for high production and suitable herd life. The objectives of this study were to estimate phenotypic and genetic correlations among milk production and with udder traits.

The influence of cow genetic merit for milk production on response to level of concentrate supplementation in a grass based system

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 57-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Dillon ◽  
J. Kennedy ◽  
P. Faverdin ◽  
L. Delaby ◽  
F. Buckley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Holstein Friesian

Pre-1990 published responses to supplementation at pasture ranged from 0.4 to 0.6kg milk/kg concentrate fed. However since 1990 higher responses to concentrate supplementation at pasture have been published (Delaby 2001). The objective of this study was to determine if milk production responses of Holstein-Friesian dairy cows to concentrate supplementation at pasture are influenced by genetic merit (milk yield potential) in a spring calving grass based system of milk production.

scholarly journals Heritability of Teat Condition in Italian Holstein Friesian and Its Relationship with Milk Production and Somatic Cell Score

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2271
Author(s):  
Francesco Tiezzi ◽  
Antonio Marco Maisano ◽  
Stefania Chessa ◽  
Mario Luini ◽  
Stefano Biffani
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Somatic Cell Score ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Current Selection

In spite of the impressive advancements observed on both management and genetic factors, udder health still represents one of most demanding objectives to be attained in the dairy cattle industry. Udder morphology and especially teat condition might represent the first physical barrier to pathogens’ access. The objectives of this study were to investigate the genetic component of teat condition and to elucidate its relationship with both milk yield and somatic cell scores in dairy cattle. Moreover, the effect of selection for both milk yield and somatic cell scores on teat condition was also investigated. A multivariate analysis was conducted on 10,776 teat score records and 30,160 production records from 2469 Italian Holstein cows. Three teat scoring traits were defined and included in the analysis. Heritability estimates for the teat score traits were moderate to low, ranging from 0.084 to 0.238. When teat score was based on a four-classes ordinal scoring, its genetic correlation with milk yields and somatic cell score were 0.862 and 0.439, respectively. The scale used to classify teat-end score has an impact on the magnitude of the estimates. Genetic correlations suggest that selection for milk yield could deteriorate teat health, unless more emphasis is given to somatic cell scores. Considering that both at national and international level, the current selection objectives are giving more emphasis to health traits, a further genetic deterioration in teat condition is not expected.

Factors affecting first lactation cumulative monthlymilk yields in Frieswal cattle

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
SPACE Rajeev ◽  
Rajbir Singh ◽  
Ravinder Kumar ◽  
T. V. Raja ◽  
Y. P. Singh Nazim Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Selection Programme

A study was conducted to analyse the effect of various factors on cumulative monthly milk yields in Frieswal cows at Military Dairy Farm, Meerut, over a period of eight years (2006-2013). A total of 441 part lactation records of cows born to 30 Frieswal sires were analyzed using the SAS (2002) software. The least squares’ model developed for the cumulative 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270 and 300 days yields accounted for 13.5, 13.5, 12.8, 12.0, 11.5, 11.6, 11.3, 10.3, 13.7 and 13.7 per cent of the total variation, respectively. The overall least squares’ averages for the cumulative 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270 and 300 days of first lactation yields were estimated as 313.29, 660.83, 998.19, 1321.58, 1627.06, 1916.78, 2201.26, 2445.01, 2741.04 and 2972.64 kg, respectively. The effects of sire, season and period of calving were found to be statistically non-significant on any of the cumulative monthly part lactation yields while the regression of monthly part yields on AFC was found to be highly significant (P<0.01). Based on the results it was concluded that the AFC was the most significant factor which alters the cumulative part lactation yields in Frieswal cattle while the other factors like sire of cows, season and period of calving did not alter the part yields significantly. The cows calved during rainy season produce comparatively higher yield followed by summer and winter calvers. It may also be concluded that the genetic selection programme implemented in the Frieswal project resulted in increasing the milk production over the years of study.

scholarly journals Trends in milk production, calving rate and survival of cows in 14 Irish dairy herds as a result of the introgression of Holstein-Friesian genes

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Evans ◽  
P. Dillon ◽  
F. Buckley ◽  
D. P. Berry ◽  
M. Wallace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Parity Number ◽  
Impact On Survival ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Calving Rate

AbstractTrends in milk production, calving rates, and survival were monitored on a potential 5580 primiparous and multiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows across 14 Irish seasonal spring-calving dairy farms between the years 1990 and 2001. Over this period calving rate to first service (CALV1) reduced by 0·96% per year (55 to 44%;P< 0·001), calving rate to first and second service (CALV12) reduced by 0·84% per year ( 77 to 70%;P< 0·001) and herd average parity number reduced by 0·10 lactation per year (4·3 to 3·5;P<0·001). The proportion of North American Holstein Friesian (NAHF) genes in the cows increased by 5·5% per year (8 to 63%;P<0·001), while pedigree index for milk yield (PIMILK) of the cows increased by 25 kg per year (P<0·001). The predicted difference of the sires of the cows for calving interval and survival increased by 0·5 days (P<0·001) and reduced by 0·12% (P<0·001) per year, respectively. A negative association was found between increased phenotypic milk yield, NAHF and PIMILKand reduced calving rates as assessed by CALV1 and CALV12. Increased proportion of NAHF genes exhibited a negative effect on survival (P<0·001) whereas increased levels of heterosis had a positive impact on survival (P<0·001). The results of the present study indicate that in seasonal calving herds in Ireland a need for direct selection on traits related to fertility and survival is required to arrest and reverse the declining trends in calving rates and survival.

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