Welfare of recently weaned piglets transported on unpaved roads: the effect of age and the use of straw bedding

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 648 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Roldan-Santiago ◽  
D. Mota-Rojas ◽  
H. Orozco-Gregorio ◽  
F. Borderas-Tordesillas ◽  
R. Martínez-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Unpaved Roads ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Transport Vehicle ◽  
Lactate Levels

This study evaluated the physiological responses of piglets weaned at three different ages and transported immediately over unpaved roads with and without the use of straw bedding in the transport vehicle. The study included 270 hybrid piglets born of York–Landrace dams and Pietrain sires. The piglets were weaned and then transported at 8 days old (n = 90), 15 days old (n = 90) or 22 days old (n = 90). The duration of each trip, from the time the transport vehicle left the original site until its arrival at the destination (site 2) on the same farm, was 1 h. The piglets in each one of the three groups were divided into two subgroups: (1) transported over unpaved roads with straw bedding; (2) transported over unpaved roads without straw bedding. Three repetitions were performed for each experimental condition. To assess physiological responses to the stress caused by transport, blood samples were taken as soon as the piglets arrived at site 2. The blood variables evaluated were: pH, haematocrit (%), glucose (mg/dL), electrolytes (Na+, K+ and Ca2+) (mmol/L), lactate levels (mg/dL), partial pressures of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and oxygen (pO2) (mm Hg), bicarbonate (HCO3–), and total carbon dioxide (TCO2C). Piglets that were weaned at 8 and 15 days of age and then transported without straw bedding were found to be more susceptible to metabolic, acid–base, hydric, and gas exchange imbalances (P < 0.05). Blood concentrations of pO2, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and pH were not affected by transport in piglets weaned at 22 days of age in vehicles using straw bedding. Hence, we conclude that regardless of age and trip conditions, the transport of recently weaned piglets constitutes a stressful situation, because just 1 h of transport time was sufficient to cause imbalances in their physiological blood indicators.

Physiological effects of short- and long-term exposure to elevated carbon dioxide on a freshwater mussel, Fusconaia flava

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 1538-1546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly D. Hannan ◽  
Jennifer D. Jeffrey ◽  
Caleb T. Hasler ◽  
Cory D. Suski
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Freshwater Mussels ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Elevated Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Short And Long Term

Zones of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) have the potential to deter the movement of fishes. Should CO2 be used as a barrier, non-target organisms, such as freshwater mussels, have the potential to be impacted. In this study, the physiological responses of adult Fusconaia flava exposed to elevated partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2) over both short-term (6 h exposure with 6 h recovery) and long-term (4-, 8-, and 32-day exposure) periods were measured. A 6 h exposure to either ∼15 000 μatm (1 atm = 101.325 kPa) or ∼200 000 μatm caused an elevation in hemolymph Ca2+. Exposure to ∼200 000 μatm resulted in a decrease in hemolymph Cl−, and exposure to ∼15 000 μatm caused an increase in hemolymph Na+, whereas ∼200 000 μatm caused a decrease. Exposure to elevated pCO2 for long-term periods caused a decrease in hemolymph Mg2+ and an initial increase in hemolymph Ca2+. Body condition and hemolymph glucose were not significantly influenced by elevated pCO2 for both experiments. This study shows that elevated pCO2 had limited impacts on the physiological responses of adult freshwater mussels.

scholarly journals Effect of environmental enrichment on weaned piglets: physiological responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 217-227
Author(s):  
A Yanez-Pizana ◽  
D Mota-Rojas ◽  
M Castillo-Rivera ◽  
R Rampirez-Necoechea ◽  
I Guerrero-Legarreta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Lower Glucose ◽  
The Social ◽  
Lactate Levels

The aim of this research consisted in assessing the effect of various kinds of environmental enrichment (EE) on the physiological responses of weaned piglets. The mean age of the 96 piglets that participated was 27 days. The piglets were weaned and then housed under two conditions: with no disruption of the social order (SO), and with disruption of the social order (DSO). After establishing the two experimental conditions, we proceeded to evaluate four different treatments; namely, control (C), suspended ropes (SR), aromatized bottles (AB) and pet toys and balls (PTB). The protocol required drawing three blood samples: at 30 (T<sub>30</sub>), 60 (T<sub>60</sub>) and 90 min (T<sub>90</sub>) after weaning. The DSO piglets had higher pH and haematocrit levels than those weaned in the SO condition (P &lt; 0.05). Also, pCO<sub>2</sub>, potassium (K<sup>+</sup>) and base excess (BE) concentrations were higher in the SO animals than in those in the DSO group (P &lt; 0.05). The control piglets, which did not receive any type of EE, showed higher pCO<sub>2</sub> levels, but lower glucose and pH (P &lt; 0.05) values, while the ones enriched with SR had increased lactate levels, but lower values for pH and HCO<sub>3</sub><sub>–</sub> compared to the piglets in the other EE treatment regimens (P &lt; 0.05). The SR-enriched piglets had higher lactate and haematocrit levels, but lower values for pH and bicarbonate (HCO<sub>3</sub><sub>–</sub>) than the animals in the other EE groups (P &lt; 0.005). The piglets subjected to sensorial EE with AB had higher plasma glucose than the ones in the other groups (P &lt; 0.005). Finally, the PTB-enriched subjects showed higher Na<sup>+ </sup>levels than controls (P &lt; 0.005). The alterations that were found to be related to the factor sampling time were more pronounced at T<sub>30</sub> (P &lt; 0.05) than T<sub>60</sub> and T<sub>90</sub>. These results indicate that the conditions (SO, DSO) and EE (C, SR, AB, PTB) under which the piglets were weaned influenced the blood variables measured in the study.

Impact of Dursban and Abate on Microbial Numbers and Some Chemical Properties of Standing Ponds

1975 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Butcher ◽  
M. Boyer ◽  
CD. Fowle
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Photosynthetic Productivity ◽  
Dissolved Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Microbial Numbers

Abstract Eleven small ponds, lined with polyethylene, were used to assess the consequences of applications of *DursbanR at 0.004, 0.030, 0.100 and 1.000 ppm and AbateR at 0.025 and 0.100 ppm active ingredient. The treated ponds showed a more pronounced long-term increase in pH and dissolved oxygen and decreasing total and dissolved carbon dioxide in comparison with untreated ponds. Algal blooms were of longer duration in treated ponds than in controls. Total photosynthetic productivity was higher in treated ponds but bacterial numbers did not change significantly. Photosynthetic productivity was estimated by following the changes in total carbon dioxide.

scholarly journals Twenty Years of Research in Seabass and Seabream Welfare during Slaughter

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2164
Author(s):  
Ignacio de la Rosa ◽  
Pedro L. Castro ◽  
Rafael Ginés
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Adverse Reaction ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Fish Welfare ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Welfare Indicators ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The Impact

The behavioural responses of fish to a stressful situation must be considered an adverse reaction caused by the perception of pain. Consequently, the handling prior to stunning and the immediacy of loss consciousness following stunning are the aspects to take into account during the slaughtering process. The most common commercial stunning method in seabream and seabass is based on hypothermia, but other methods such as electrical stunning, carbon dioxide narcosis or anaesthetic with clove oil, are discussed in relation to the time to reach the unconsciousness stage and some welfare indicators. Although seawater plus ice slurry is currently accepted in some guidelines of fish welfare well practices at slaughter, it cannot be considered completely adequate due to the deferred speed at which cause loss of consciousness. New methods of incorporating some kind of anaesthetic in the stunning tank could be a solution to minimize the impact on the welfare of seabass and seabream at slaughtering.

Behavioural and physiological responses to simulated predator-induced stress in the eastern box turtle, Terrapene carolina carolina

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-398
Author(s):  
Victoria L. Preston ◽  
Jessica M. Vannatta ◽  
Matthew Klukowski
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Graded Response ◽  
Box Turtles ◽  
Eastern Box Turtles ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Terrapene Carolina Carolina ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Free Ranging

Abstract In spite of the fully-hinged shell being the defining characteristic of box turtles, few studies have quantified the behavioural use of the shell in response to predator encounters. While it is often assumed that box turtles simply withdraw into their shell in response to threats, we expected variability among individuals in shell usage and in the degree of head and limb retraction because withdrawal is likely to be costly. We tested the behavioural and physiological responses of free-ranging eastern box turtles to stimuli of varying intensity: observation only, a visual stimulus, a poke on the leg, or a pinch on the leg before being flipped. The more intense the simulated predatory stimulus, the more likely turtles were to fully close their shell. However, stimulus intensity did not affect plasma corticosterone or lactate levels. This may be due to too brief or weak of a stimulus, increased parasympathetic activity, or seasonal effects. Upon capture and during handling, almost all turtles withdrew into their shells and closed their anterior plastron, although fewer closed their posterior plastron, and a few engaged in other behaviours such as biting and urinating. Older, larger turtles were able to close their shells with greater strength than younger and smaller turtles. Our results indicate that in spite of their fully closable shell, box turtles exhibit a graded response to perceived threats. This suggests that full closure of the shell is likely to be costly and occurs only in response to the most intense stimuli.

Coulometric total carbon dioxide analysis for marine studies: Automation and calibration

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M Johnson ◽  
J.McN Sieburth ◽  
P.J.leB Williams ◽  
L Brändström
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Analysis
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