The effect of essential oils of Zataria multiflora and Mentha spicata on the in vitro rumen fermentation, and growth and deaminative activity of amino acid-fermenting bacteria isolated from Mehraban sheep

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Taghavi-Nezhad ◽  
D. Alipour ◽  
M. D. Flythe ◽  
P. Zamani ◽  
G. Khodakaramian
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ammonia Production ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Zataria Multiflora ◽  
Rumen Microbes

Gas (CO2 and CH4) and ammonia production in the rumen represent major sources of lost carbon and nitrogen, respectively. The essential oils of some plants have been shown to decrease gas and ammonia production by selectively inhibiting rumen microbes. Particularly, those of Zataria multiflora (ZEO; thymol 21%, carvacrol 32%) and Mentha spicata (SEO; carvone 55%) were evaluated in vitro as ruminant-feed additives. The experiments employed mixed rumen microbes and a hyper-ammonia-producing bacterium (HAP) isolated from the rumen of a Mehraban sheep. Both ZEO and SEO decreased in vitro fibre digestibility and also gas production by mixed rumen microbes that were fermenting a typical growing-lamb diet. ZEO decreased ammonia concentration in mixed culture of rumen microbes, but SEO exerted the opposite effect. A bacterial isolate (MT8) was obtained from the rumen of a Mehraban sheep, and the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that it was most closely related to Clostridium bifermentans. Isolate MT8 exhibited rapid ammonia production when peptides were the growth substrate, which indicated that MT8 was a HAP. Both oils inhibited the growth and ammonia production of isolate MT8. However, ZEO decreased ammonia production at lower doses, and to a greater degree, than did SEO. These results indicated that both essential oils could potentially be used to modulate rumen fermentation. The detrimental effects on fibre digestion could be problematic in high-forage diets, and this requires further investigation. Isolate MT8 is the first described HAP from the Mehraban sheep rumen. Results on ammonia production by isolate MT8 and mixed rumen microbes indicate differential mode of action of each oil on this parameter.

Influence of supplementation of tropical plant feed additives on in vitro rumen fermentation and methanogenesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Chatterjee ◽  
D. N. Kamra ◽  
N. Agarwal ◽  
A. K. Patra
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Fatty Acid Pattern ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Tropical Plants

Tropical plants rich in secondary metabolites have the potential to modulate rumen fermentation for more efficient food production with reduced environmental impact. In the present study after extensive screening, three tropical tree leaves (Bahunia variegata, Psidium guajava and Cannabis indica) and three herbs (Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Trachyspermum ammi and Cinnamomum tamala) were selected to evaluate their effect on buffalo rumen fermentation. Total gas production, substrate degradability, volatile fatty acid pattern and enzyme activities were not affected by any of the plants tested in this study. However, methane production was lowered (P ≤ 0.05) due to inclusion of P. guajava leaves. Anti-methanogenic/anti-protozoal metabolites present in tropical plants seem to be better extracted by ethanol solvent and accordingly the best performing plant i.e. different levels of P. guajava extract was used for further evaluation. Both the methane inhibition and defaunating action of ethanol extract of P. guajava were found to be dose dependent. In conclusion, leaves of P. guajava appear to be a promising plant feed additive for decreasing methane production without affecting feed degradability in the rumen.

scholarly journals Enhance in-vitro rumen fermentation of Panicum maximum with biological supplements

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Sumudu Chathurika ◽  
Sathya Sujani ◽  
Ariyathilaka Manawadu ◽  
Thakshala Seresinhe
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Tridax Procumbens ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

<p class="abstrak2">Recently the utilization of biological feed additives over chemical feed additives in animal feeds have increased. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing wild guinea grass (panicum maximum) with two plant species, artocarpus heterophyllus (jack leaves; ah) and tridax procumbens (Tp) containing plant secondary metabolites tannin and saponin, respectively and the enzyme product dyadic cellulase (Ce) and yeast (Ye). For each suplement two levels of treatments were tested. In plant-based suplements 20 (Aht1, Tpt1) and 30% (Aht2 and Tpt2) substituted the base substrate. The enzyme was applied as 10 µl (Cet1) and 20 µl (Cet2) and yeast as 4 mg (Yet1) and 6 mg (Yet2). the experimental design was a randomized complete block design (rcbd) and the period of in vitro rumen fermentation incubation was 72 hrs. All treatments significantly (P &lt; 0.05) enhanced the in vitro gas production (Ivgp) compared with the control. Treatments of ah and ce significantly (P &lt; 0.05) improved the in vitro rumen dry matter degradability (ivrdmd). All treatments significantly (P&lt;0.05) suppressed the ruminal protozoa population as compared to the control. Ammonia nitrogen (Nh3-N) production was not significantly (P&gt;0.05) influenced with supplements. in conclusion, treatments enhanced the rumen fermentation in means of enhanced ivgp, ivrdmd and reduced protozoa numbers.</p>

PSXIV-1 In vitro evaluation of methane mitigation using monensin and ammonium nitrate in beef cattle diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 471-472
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Tarozo ◽  
Annelise Aila G Gomes Lobo ◽  
Yuli Andrea A Peña Bermudez ◽  
Danny Alexander Rojas Moreno ◽  
Rafaela Zuliani Spalato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Fermentation Kinetics ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

Abstract Currently, the use of feed additives appears as an alternative in reducing the environmental impact of animal agriculture, reducing the emission of greenhouse gases and increasing the acceptability of exports in international trade. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro rumen fermentation parameters by adding 4.5% ammonium nitrate and 30 ppm of the additive sodium monensin to beef cattle diets, searching for the best alternative to mitigate methane production. The experiment was performed in an in vitro gas production system, and the fermentation kinetics, methanogenesis and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production were studied. Regarding methanogenesis, it was observed that the diet with ammonium nitrate showed higher in vitro degradability in DM (P = 0.017) and lower methane production (in ml/g of DM; P = 0.0088), compared to the diet with sodium monensin. Considering the fermentation kinetics, it can be stated that acetate production in molar (%) was lower in control and monensin diets, and higher in nitrate and nitrate + monensin diets (P &lt; 0.0001). It is concluded that both treatments ammonium nitrate + sodium monensin and ammonium nitrate alone have mitigating effect on methane emission, when compared to the control treatment. However, ammonium nitrate is more effective in this regard, producing less methane in vitro and having no negative effect on rumen fermentation parameters.

scholarly journals PSXIV-13 Effect of phytochemicals on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane production

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 445-446
Author(s):  
Aaron A Molho-Ortiz ◽  
Atmir Romero-Pérez ◽  
Efren Ramírez-Bribiesca ◽  
Claudia Marquez-Mota ◽  
Juan Carlos Ramírez-Orejel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Aqueous Extracts

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of eight phytochemicals from four plant species, in two presentations, essential oils (EO) and aqueous extracts (AE) of garlic (GEO, GAE), cinnamon (CEO, CAE), eucalyptus (EEO, EAE) and rosemary (REO, RAE) on rumen fermentation, using the in vitro gas production technique. The experiment was set up as a completely randomized block design in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments. All treatments were incubated with 0.5 g of a basal diet (BD; 50% concentrate, 20% alfalfa and 30% corn silage, dry matter basis). Additionally, BD and BD with 30 ppm of sodium monensin (MON) were used as controls. Phytochemicals were evaluated at a single dose of 900 mg/L of inoculum. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), maximum volume of gas (Vmax), gas production rate (S) and lag phase (L) were evaluated. Methane (CH4) was determined indirectly, by fixation of CO2present in gas samples with 1M KOH solution, Non-fixed gas was assumed to be CH4. Methane production was correlated with organic matter fermented in the rumen (mL CH4/g OMFR). Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS ©. The effects of treatments were tested for the following contrasts: EO Vs AE, W Vs EO, W Vs AE. Some essential oils (GEO, CEO, REO) decreased CH4 production (mL CH4/g OMFR) and IVDMD by 20.4% and 17.8% compared to control treatments (BD and MON) (P &lt; 0.05). Aqueous extracts showed a similar response (P &lt; 0.05) to control treatments. In conclusion the use of essential oils negatively affected rumen fermentation and the production of CH4 in P cinnamon essential oil.

Role of anaerobic fungi in wheat straw degradation and effects of plant feed additives on rumen fermentation parameters in vitro

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Dagar ◽  
N. Singh ◽  
N. Goel ◽  
S. Kumar ◽  
A.K. Puniya
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Terminalia Arjuna ◽  
Anaerobic Fungi ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

In the present study, rumen microbial groups, i.e. total rumen microbes (TRM), total anaerobic fungi (TAF), avicel enriched bacteria (AEB) and neutral detergent fibre enriched bacteria (NEB) were evaluated for wheat straw (WS) degradability and different fermentation parameters in vitro. Highest WS degradation was shown for TRM, followed by TAF, NEB and least by AEB. Similar patterns were observed with total gas production and short chain fatty acid profiles. Overall, TAF emerged as the most potent individual microbial group. In order to enhance the fibrolytic and rumen fermentation potential of TAF, we evaluated 18 plant feed additives in vitro. Among these, six plant additives namely Albizia lebbeck, Alstonia scholaris, Bacopa monnieri, Lawsonia inermis, Psidium guajava and Terminalia arjuna considerably improved WS degradation by TAF. Further evaluation showed A. lebbeck as best feed additive. The study revealed that TAF plays a significant role in WS degradation and their fibrolytic activities can be improved by inclusion of A. lebbeck in fermentation medium. Further studies are warranted to elucidate its active constituents, effect on fungal population and in vivo potential in animal system.

scholarly journals The Role of Catechin Compounds and Its Derivates to Mitigate Methane Gas Production in the Rumen Fermentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Mozart Nuzul Aprilliza AM ◽  
Yenny Nur Anggraeny ◽  
Elizabeth Wina
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Enteric Fermentation ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Ruminant Species

Enteric fermentation and its corresponding to methane emissions take place in many wild and domestic ruminant species, such as deer, buffalo, cattle, goats, sheep. Ruminant animals are different from other animals in that they have a rumen, a large fore-stomach with a complex microbial environment. A resulting of this process is methane (CH4), which has a global warming potential (25 times that of carbon dioxide (CO2)). Because the digestion process is not 100% efficient, some of the energy intake is lost in the form of methane. Recently, natural plant products, such as tea leaves which are often inexpensive and environmentally safe have been introduced in methane mitigation strategies. Tea leaves have potential for use as an additives in ruminant diets. The adding of catechin 10-40 g/Kg DM were able to declined methane emission 7.4–13.5%. Furthermore, catechin could decrease the methane production. Catechin decreased CH4 production both in vitro and in vivo. Catechin causes direct inhibition of methanogens as well as may act as hydrogen sinks during degradation by rumen microbes via cleavage of ring structures and reductive dehydroxylation reactions. The objective of this paper is to review existing knowledge related to discuss how catechins can act as methane-lowering agents from rumen fermentation on ruminants.

scholarly journals Evaluation of different essential oils in modulating methane and ammonia production, rumen fermentation, and rumen bacteria in vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Cobellis ◽  
Massimo Trabalza-Marinucci ◽  
Maria Carla Marcotullio ◽  
Zhongtang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Production

scholarly journals The effect of a candidate feed additive derived from the essential oils of Pinus merkusii (jungh. & de vriese) and Melaleuca leucadendra (l.) on the kinetics of gas production and methane emitted during in-vitro ruminal fermentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 04009
Author(s):  
Asih Kurniawati ◽  
Muhlisin Muhsin Al Anas
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Total Potential ◽  
Kinetics Of

The study was designed to determine the effect of a candidate natural feed additive on the kinetics of gas production as a representation of feed degradability and methane produced during rumen fermentation. Three blends of essential oil (BEO) as candidates for feed additives were formulated using pine and eucalyptus essential oils in the following ratios: 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75 for BEO1, BEO2, and BEO3, respectively. Every BEO was added to the batch fermentation system at dosages of 0, 100, and 200 l/l in the medium. Furthermore, an in vitro gas production technique was used to simulate rumen feed fermentation. According to the gas production kinetics, all BEO additives did not affect the total potential gas produced, as well as the potential gas produced from the soluble and insoluble substrate. The rates of gas production were similar among treatments. Furthermore, the addition of BEO did not affect the total volume of gas produced during fermentation. Meanwhile, BEO1 at 200 l/l dose and BEO 3 at 100 l/l dose significantly reduced methane production (P0.05). In conclusion, the BEO1 and BEO 3 at dosages of 200 and 100 l/l, respectively, had the potential as a feed additive to reduce methane production without a negative effect on nutrient digestibility.

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