Effect of copper source on phytase stability in the premix of weanling piglets

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Lu ◽  
Shoufeng Hao ◽  
Liyang Zhang ◽  
Xugang Luo
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Duration Of Storage ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Weanling Piglets ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Effect Of Copper

An in vitro experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of tribasic copper (Cu) chloride [TBCC, Cu2(OH)3Cl] on phytase stability in the premix of weanling piglets at different temperatures in comparison with Cu sulfate. The 225-kg 1% premixes were supplemented with phytase at 50 000 PU/kg and divided into three parts of 75 kg each. One part was supplemented with 6 mg Cu/kg as Cu sulfate (the control), and the other two parts were supplemented with 250 mg Cu/kg either as TBCC or as Cu sulfate. Either 6 or 250 mg Cu/kg is based on the complete diet of weanling piglets. The three premixes were stored at room temperature (20−25°C), natural high temperature (28−36°C), or artificial high temperature (38 ± 2°C) for 0, 10, 20, 30, or 40 days. Copper source, storage temperature and duration of storage, the interaction between Cu source and duration of storage, and the interaction between temperature and duration of storage affected (P < 0.01) phytase activities in the 1% premixes. Phytase activities in the premixes supplemented with TBCC were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than those in the premixes supplemented with CuSO4 at 10 or 20 days of storage. Phytase activities in premixes decreased (P < 0.001) exponentially with duration of storage regardless of Cu source or storage temperature. When the premixes were stored at different duration of storage, phytase activities in the premixes decreased (P < 0.001) linearly as temperature increased. The results from this study indicate that TBCC could maintain the stability of phytase in the piglet premix much more effectively than Cu sulfate regardless of temperature and storage duration.

scholarly journals Shelf Life Studies of Three Wasabi Flavoured Sauces

1970 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
Tamanna Sultana ◽  
GP Savage ◽  
NG Porter ◽  
DL McNeil ◽  
JR Sedcole
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Tomato Sauce ◽  
Wasabia Japonica ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Small Change ◽  
Shelf Life Studies ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Storage Temperatures

Isothiocyanates (ITCs) contained in purees extracted from wasabi (Wasabia japonica (Miq) Matsum) can be used to manufacture a range of interesting spicy foods. In New Zealand, local manufacturers are showing interest in producing various forms of processed wasabi based sauces. However, isothiocyanates have been shown to degrade quickly in some situations. Therefore, in this study, the stability of allyl ITC was investigated in three wasabi flavoured products stored at four different temperatures (4, 10, 20 and 30°C) for 22 weeks. Two creamy (mayonnaise and tartare) sauces and a non-creamy sauce were prepared from an original recipe and flavoured with a known volume of "wasabi oil". Two types of pouches (clear and metallic plastic) were used to store each product and allyl ITC content was measured in the stored sauces at two week intervals. The initial level of allyl ITC found in mayonnaise, tartare and smoky tomato sauces were 415.3, 411.4 and 144.7 mg/ kg respectively, prior to storage. Temperature showed a strong influence in reducing allyl ITC (P=0.005 to <0.001) but no significant effect was identified for the two types of packets used. The non-creamy smoky tomato sauce was very unstable at 10°C or higher temperatures and the allyl ITC contents reduced rapidly with increasing storage temperatures. For instance, at 30°C, a 66% loss occurred by week 2 and a 90% loss occurred by week 6 in the smoky tomato sauce. However, mayonnaise and tartare sauces had a shelf life of 8 to 9 weeks with only a marginal reduction in allyl ITC (2% overall) at all the stored temperatures (4-30°C). These creamy sauces were characterized by a sudden fall in 10 weeks ending in a 69-70% loss of allyl ITC at 22 weeks. No microbial growth occurred in any of the sauces stored at any of the temperatures during the course of this storage experiment though very small change of colour was noticed for the sauces when stored at 30°C. Keywords: Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(2), 147-156, 2009DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i2.3665Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(2), 147-156, 2009

scholarly journals ВПЛИВ УМОВ ЗБЕРІГАННЯ НА ПОЖИВНІСТЬ СУХИХ КОРМІВ ДЛЯ НЕПРОДУКТИВНИХ ТВАРИН

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(70)) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
I. Beloshitskа
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Enzymatic Catalysis ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Pet Food ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Duration Of Storage ◽  
Microbial Lipases

Stability in storage of dry feed and of their storage duration without appreciably reducing the nutritional value depends not only on the environmental factors, but also on the formulation and production technology. Humidity, temperature contribute to the development of microorganisms that consume energy and nutrients for the development, resulting in reduced energy content therein and crude protein. Manufacturers of dry pet food to ensure feed quality and slowing deterioration and development of microbial flora of added preservatives and antioxidants of different origin, which break the chain of oxidation. The introduction of inhibitors in an amount of 0.01% fat oxidation resistance increases 10...15 times.The performed investigations have established that during storage of dry pet food in a variety of storage conditions reduced the content of crude protein, crude fat and increased humidity, despite the conservation of feed. The greatest damage to the nutrients mentioned for the «summer conditions» storage in dry pet food which preserved natural ingredients, which is explained by the most intensive development of microflora in these conditions, and the oxidation of fat under the influence of high temperature and humidity. The best preserved nutrients in dry feed with a chemical preservative for «winter conditions», which are characterized by low temperature. It is seen from the results of studies that the rate of hydrolysis and the depth depends on the temperature and the antioxidant origin: enzymatic catalysis accelerated at 29.8 °C («summer» conditions), reducing the temperature (12 °C) slows down the hydrolysis process (the period of «autumn – spring»), but even at 4.5 ° with the enzymatic activity of microbial lipases shown, but to a lesser degree («winter»).Thus, the main causes of spoilage of feed – high temperature (about 30 °C) and high humidity (60 –70%) to facilitate activation of oxidative processes and the development of the microflora, and the duration of storage, even under favorable conditions, depending on the origin of a preservative. Therefore, it is recommended to store this food in a dry, cool place, preferably dark place. 

61 THE EFFECTS OF COLLECTION SEASON AND STORAGE DURATION IN LIQUID NITROGEN ON POST-WARMING SURVIVAL AND NUCLEAR MATURATION OF IMMATURE PORCINE OOCYTES PRESERVED BY SOLID SURFACE VITRIFICATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
T. Nagai ◽  
T. Somfai ◽  
N. T. Men ◽  
H. Kabeko ◽  
J. Noguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Solid Surface ◽  
In Vitro Maturation ◽  
Polar Body ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Nuclear Maturation ◽  
First Polar Body ◽  
Duration Of Storage ◽  
And Storage

We investigated the effects of collection season and storage duration of vitrified porcine oocytes in liquid nitrogen (LN2) on their survival and maturation ability after warming. A total of 3338 cumulus-enclosed oocytes were vitrified using solid surface vitrification, preserved, and warmed according to previous report (Somfai et al. 2014 PLoS One 9, e97731) in 26 occasions between October 2012 and March 2014. Vitrified oocytes were stored in LN2 for various durations from 0 (vitrified but without storage) to 243 days. The date of preservation and length of storage (days) of vitrified oocytes in LN2 were recorded. Warming of vitrified oocytes was conducted on a hotplate set at 42°C. After warming, oocytes were subjected to in vitro maturation according to Kikuchi et al. (2002 Biol. Reprod. 66, 1033–1041). Then oocytes were denuded and their live/dead status and nuclear maturation were assessed under stereo microscope based on their morphology and the presence of the first polar body. After linear regression analysis, it was found that there was no correlation between the duration of storage of vitrified oocytes in LN2 for up to 243 days and their survival rate after warming (R = 0.254; P = 0.210) or the maturation rate of surviving oocytes (R = 0.147; P = 0.471). Vitrification during spring (March 1–May 31) resulted in significantly higher rates of survived oocytes compared with vitrification during winter (December 1–February 28; 86.9 and 73.1%, respectively; P < 0.05), whereas the mean survival rates of oocytes vitrified during summer (June 1–August 31; 79.0%) and autumn (September 1–November 31; 81.9%) did not differ significantly from those of other seasons (ANOVA). After in vitro maturation, nuclear maturation of surviving oocytes did not differ significantly among oocytes vitrified at different seasons (ranging between 59.1 and 67.8%). The results indicate that the oocyte collection season affects survival of vitrified oocytes, whereas storage duration in LN2 does not affect this parameter. Furthermore, nuclear maturation of oocytes that survive after vitrification and warming is not affected by their collection season and storage length.This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 26870839.

Cariogenic Potential of Stored Human Milk—An In-Vitro Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitha Hegde ◽  
Rani Vikyath
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Duration Of Storage ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Ph Buffer

Human milk samples collected from ten lactating mothers in the K. S. Hegde Medical Hospital, Mangalore were divided into five different parts and stored at different temperatures for varying durations. The pH,buffer capacity and growth of Streptococcus mutans were assessed in each of these samples. There was a fall in pH of human milk stored at various temperatures. The buffer capacity of human milk increased with duration of storage. There was an increase in Streptococcus colony count in stored human milk proportional to the duration of storage and it increased more rapidly in case of milk stored at higher temperatures (0°C -4°C) compared to the milk stored in the freezer (-19°C). Milk samples stored at room temperature for 6 hours and in the freezer at -19°C for 2 weeks were found to be relatively safe.

Effects of Storage Duration on Biodiesel Properties Derived from Waste Cooking Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 554 ◽  
pp. 494-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Khalid ◽  
Norazwan Azman ◽  
Hanis Zakaria ◽  
Bukhari Manshoor ◽  
Izzuddin Zaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Different Temperatures

The reduction of world oil reserves fossil fuels and increasing environmental concerns significantly influences the popularity of biodiesel as an alternative diesel. This research investigates the effects of storage duration of variant blending waste cooking oil ratio under different storage temperature on fuel properties. The biodiesel samples were stored at different temperatures and were monitored at regular interval over a period of 70 days. Blending of biodiesel was varied from 5vol % (WCO5) ~15vol% (WCO15) and storage temperature from 24°C~35°C. These samples were monitored on a weekly and the effects of storage conditions on properties of biodiesel such as density, kinematics viscosity, acid value, water content and flash point of biodiesel were discussed in detail. The observation of biodiesel shows that the increasing of storage duration of biodiesel derived from waste cocking oil influences to the increasing of density, kinematics viscosity, acid value and water content.

scholarly journals The effect of copper source on the stability and activity of α-tocopherol acetate, butylated hydroxytoulene and phytase

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Concarr ◽  
Rachel O’Rourke ◽  
Richard A. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Synthetic Antioxidants ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Tocopherol Acetate ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Organic Minerals ◽  
Effect Of Copper

AbstractThe supplementation of Copper (Cu) is essential for the optimum performance of physiological functions, including growth performance and immune function. Cu is usually formulated into animal premixes in the form of inorganic salts, such as sulphates, or organic minerals. Organic minerals are mineral salts that are either complexed or chelated to organic ligands such as proteins, amino acids, and polysaccharides. Cu is often formulated into premixes alongside other essential components such as vitamins, enzymes and synthetic antioxidants, all of which are susceptible to negative interactions with Cu which can detrimentally effect both their stability and activity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of five different commercially available Cu sources in relation to their effect on the stability of α-tocopherol acetate and on the activity of Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) and three commercially available phytases in vitro. The results determined that Cu source played a significant role in relation to limiting the interactions between Cu and each of the other components in vitro. There were significant differences (p ≤ 0.05), not only, between the inorganic and organic Cu sources but also between some of the individual organic Cu sources in relation to their effect on α-tocopherol acetate, BHT and phytase.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SLN BASED TOPICAL GEL OF KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-109
Author(s):  
Shivani Khoware ◽  
Amreen Khan ◽  
Vimukta Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Ketorolac Tromethamine ◽  
Dialysis Membrane ◽  
Inflammatory Drug ◽  
Topical Gel ◽  
Solid Lipid ◽  
Duration Of Storage ◽  
Particle Measurement ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Stability

Ketorolac tromethamine is frequently non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties, is also nice in relieving symptoms of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, acute sciatica and low back pain. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are able to be used for the focused on of anti-inflammatory drugs, thus accomplish most significant advantages such as reduction in total dose and prevention of systemic toxicity and unusual side effects. The objective of the present investigation was to prepare & evaluate solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) based topical gel of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ketorolac tromethamine for the cure of arthritis which would attenuate the gastrointestinal related toxicities related with oral administration. SLNs had been prepared by means of low temperature solidification technique and characterize by means of particle measurement, analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, drug entrapment efficiency, SEM, in vitro In vitro release research were performed on Franz diffusion cell the usage of dialysis membrane in phosphate buffer solution of pH 7.4. The FTIR study indicates no predominant interaction of ketorolac tromethamine with different component ingredients and the Scanning Electron Microscope study revealed that the drug is molecularly dispersion into the lipid. The particle measurement determination confirms the particle distribution in the nanoparticle range (27% volume to 56% volume). In vitro drug release using the dialysis membrane as of the prepared SLNs is greatly higher than the pure drug. The stability of the formulation shows the stability of the formulation besides changing its performances on storage. Hence formulation of ketorolac tromethamine in SLN, enhances the dissolution price as properly as it will enhance the bioavailability of the drug which ought to the stabilized for the duration of storage.

The Effect of High Storage Temperature on the Stability and Efficacy of Lyophilized Tenecteplase

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-507
Author(s):  
Emily Henkel ◽  
Rebecca Vella ◽  
Andrew Fenning
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Protein Drug ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
D Dimer

AbstractIntroduction:Tenecteplase is a thrombolytic protein drug used by paramedics, emergency responders, and critical care medical personnel for the prehospital treatment of blood clotting diseases. Minimizing the time between symptom onset and the initiation of thrombolytic treatment is important for reducing mortality and improving patient outcomes. However, the structure of protein drug molecules makes them susceptible to physical and chemical degradation that could potentially result in considerable adverse effects. In locations that experience extreme temperatures, lyophilized tenecteplase transported in emergency service vehicles (ESVs) may be subjected to conditions that exceed the manufacturer’s recommendations, particularly when access to the ambulance station is limited.Study Objective:This study evaluated the impact of heat exposure (based on temperatures experienced in an emergency vehicle during summer in a regional Australian city) on the stability and efficacy of lyophilized tenecteplase.Methods:Vials containing 50mg lyophilized tenecteplase were stored at 4.0°C (39.2°F), 35.5°C (95.9°F), or 44.9°C (112.8°F) for a continuous period of eight hours prior to reconstitution. Stability and efficacy were determined through assessment of: optical clarity and pH; analyte concentration using UV spectrometry; percent protein monomer and single chain protein using size-exclusion chromatography; and in vitro bioactivity using whole blood clot weight and fibrin degradation product (D-dimer) development.Results:Heat treatment, particularly at 44.9°C, was found to have the greatest impact on tenecteplase solubility; the amount of protein monomer and single chain protein lost (suggesting structural vulnerability); and the capacity for clot lysis in the form of decreased D-dimer production. Meanwhile, storage at 4.0°C preserved tenecteplase stability and in vitro bioactivity.Conclusion:The findings indicate that, in its lyophilized form, even relatively short exposure to high temperature can negatively affect tenecteplase stability and pharmacological efficacy. It is therefore important that measures are implemented to ensure the storage temperature is kept below 30.0°C (86.0°F), as recommended by manufacturers, and that repeated refrigeration-heat cycling is avoided. This will ensure drug administration provides more replicable thrombolysis upon reaching critical care facilities.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF NANOEMULSION CONTAINING PELARGONIUM GRAVEOLENS OIL: CHARACTERIZATION AND STABILITY STUDY

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Luehring Giongo ◽  
Rodrigo De Almeida Vaucher ◽  
Aline Ourique ◽  
MÍriam Steffler ◽  
Clarissa Piccinin Frizzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Stability

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop, characterize and evaluate the stability of nanoemulsions containing geranium oil (NEG) at different temperatures (4 °C, 25 °C and 45 °C) for 90 d.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The quantification of oil in the nanostructure was performed by <a href="https://www.google.com.br/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=1&amp;cad=rja&amp;uact=8&amp;ved=0ahUKEwiYjL3Niv7OAhVJI5AKHZ-_AeUQFggfMAA&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGas_chromatography%25E2%2580%2593mass_spectrometry&amp;usg=AFQjCNE3N9EyqMTXtw7u0lxolSlnU5zJfQ">gas chromatography–mass spectrometry</a> (GC-MS). The NEG was prepared in Ultra-Turrex and characterized by determining the particle size, polydispersity indices and pH. The thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to evaluate the thermal stability of the compounds, the thermal events and morphological analyses of NEG, respectively.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results allow us to suggest that the use the ultra-turrax method is a strategy good to NEG preparation. The stability of the NEG was strongly influenced by storage temperature, with droplet size increasing rapidly at higher temperatures (45 °C), which was attributed to coalescence near the phase inversion temperature. The NEG submitted the low temperatures (4±2 °C) remained with the same particle size value (164 nm). However, the citronellol and geraniol showed a significant reduction throughout the test even in these conditions of temperature. Thermogram of NEG shows the crystallization peak at the cooling cycle in-20.1 °C and a melting was observed at 1.5 °C. TEM images indicated that NEG was spherical and nanometric.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proposed Ultra-Turrax method is simple which prevents volatilization of GO for the production of NEG. The formulations presented good physicochemical characteristics and stability for 90 d was only achieved in 4 °C.</p>

scholarly journals Development of Topical Niosomal Gel of Benzoyl Peroxide

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jigar Vyas ◽  
Puja Vyas ◽  
Dhaval Raval ◽  
Paresh Paghdar
Keyword(s):  
Benzoyl Peroxide ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Skin Penetration ◽  
Topical Gel ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Skin Redness ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Niosomal Gel ◽  
Vitro Release

Benzoyl peroxide is macrolide antibiotic used commonly for the treatment of acne either alone or in combination. But it suffers from side effects like skin redness, irritation, itching, and edema. Niosomes, a nonionic surfactant vesicular formulation, have been explored extensively for topical application to enhance skin penetration as well as to improve skin retention of drugs. In the present study, Benzoyl peroxide was entrapped into niosomes by thin film hydration technique, and various process parameters were optimized by partial factorial design. The optimized niosomal formulation was incorporated into HPMC K15 gel and extensively characterized for percentage drug entrapment (PDE) and in vitro release performance. The stability of above formulation was studied at different temperatures. The present study demonstrated prolongation of drug release, increased drug retention into skin, and improved permeation across the skin after encapsulation of benzoyl peroxide into niosomal topical gel.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document