Evaluation of two training programs aimed to improve early lactation performance of heifers in a pasture-based automated milking system

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 939 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Donohue ◽  
K. L. Kerrisk ◽  
S. C. Garcia ◽  
D. A. Dickeson ◽  
P. C. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Milking Frequency ◽  
Calving Season

The adaptation success of inexperienced heifers to a pasture-based automated milking system (AMS) is likely to influence the viability and feasibility of the system. This study evaluated two heifer training programs designed to improve adaptation success to determine their impact on early lactation performance within a pasture-based AMS. The two training programs involved heifers calving in spring 2007 (S07) and autumn 2008 (A08) being managed as members of the milking herd for 2 weeks, starting 2 months before their expected calving date. In each calving season, heifers were randomised into two treatment groups with one being fed and teat sprayed (FTS) while visiting the milking stations, while the other group passed through (PT) the milking stations. Milk yield, milking frequency and waiting time were selected as indicators of early lactation performance within an AMS and were reported as values relative to those measured by their experienced herdmates (within calving season). Longer relative waiting times (hours spent in pre-milking area where experienced herdmates = 1.0; FTS: 1.36 vs PT: 1.95; P = 0.006) may have been one cause of the low relative milk production levels reported (range 0.49 S07PT–0.78 A08PT). The milking frequencies of the heifers were in line with their experienced herdmates (range 0.83 S07PT–1.10 A08PT). There were no significant differences between the two training programs, indicating that farmers could adopt either program and expect similar early lactation heifer performance. The choice of program would more likely be affected by AMS utilisation levels, costs of consumables (teat spray and concentrate feed) and any existing desire to feed concentrate to heifers during the training period.

scholarly journals Fair Kidney Allocation Based on Waiting Time

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Hild
Keyword(s):  
Graft Survival ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Other ◽  
Allocation Rule ◽  
Optimal Position ◽  
Cadaveric Donor ◽  
The Status

AbstractWe study the allocation of cadaveric donor kidneys for transplantation based merely on waiting time. This simple allocation rule turns out to possess very attractive ethical and medical properties. Current allocation rules, on the other hand, violate some basic requirements of distributive justice. Perhaps for fear of exacerbating these problems, these rules also fail to consider criteria such as sex, age and race although certain combinations of these criteria are known to affect graft survival rates. We demonstrate that allocation by waiting time automatically protects disadvantaged patient types and puts them in a near to optimal position. The inclusion of sex, age and race will therefore not lead to morally unacceptable allocations. This allows individual patients to improve the expected survival time of their graft relative to the status quo without being penalized by the allocation rule. Moreover, decisions ab out when to start compromising on expected graft survival rates in favour of shorter waiting times are made locally by patients and their medical advisers rather than by a centralized protocol.

Calcium and phosphorus balances of lactating ewes at pasture

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Sykes ◽  
K. G. Geenty
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
General Trend ◽  
The Body ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Weekly Basis ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Daily Milk

SUMMARYDifferences in maternal body weight (12–15 kg) were induced in two groups (n = 43–50) of ewes during pregnancy by controlled allowance of pasture. Following parturition equal numbers (9–12) were allocated to one of three herbage allowances in a 2 x 3 factorial design during 42 days of lactation. This design was employed on two occasions; in one (Expt 1) the sheep were machine-milked twice daily, in the second (Expt 2) they each suckled two lambs. Balances of Ca and P in the body were determined by comparative slaughter during early pregnancy, at parturition and after 42 days of lactation. Herbage Ca intake and milk Ca output were determined on a weekly basis.Mean daily milk production during the 42 days of lactation ranged from 1·48 to 2·68 kg/day amongst treatment groups. The general trend, irrespective of level of milk production, was for negative Ca balances, ranging from 0·71 to 1·42 g Ca/day. It is argued that variation in apparent absorbability (0·17–0·46) and in rate of absorption (30–113 mg/kg W per day) of Ca among groups suggest that these factors are not in themselves responsible for the poor Ca balances observed.It is suggested that demand for Ca from the diet during early lactation is reduced as a consequence of bone Ca resorption due to matrix osteoporosis resulting from a protein deficiency state. Negative Ca balances in sheep undernourished during pregnancy were similarly attributed to poor protein balances.Although negative P balances were observed these were not attributed to low P intake.

scholarly journals M/G/1/K system with push-out scheme under vacation policy

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoji Kasahara ◽  
Hideaki Takagi ◽  
Yutaka Takahashi ◽  
Toshiharu Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Time ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Waiting Time Distribution ◽  
Stieltjes Transform ◽  
Multiple Vacations ◽  
Push Out

We consider an M/G/1/K system with push-out scheme and multiple vacations. This model is particularly important in situations where it is essential to provide short waiting times to messages which are selected for service. We analyze the behavior of two types of messages: one that succeeds in transmission and the other that fails. We derive the Laplace-Stieltjes transform of the waiting time distribution for the message which is eventually served. Finally, we show some numerical results including the comparisons between the push-out and the ordinary blocking models.

scholarly journals Produksi dan Komposisi Susu Kambing Peranakan Ettawa yang Diberi Suplemen Daun Katu (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr) pada Awal Masa Laktasi (Milk Production and Milk Composition of Ettawa Crossbred Goat, Fed Katu Leaves (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr) as

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marini Putri Marwah ◽  
Yustina Yuni Suranindyah ◽  
Tridjoko Wisnu Murti
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Village

<p>This experiment was aimed to evaluate the effect of katu leaves as feed supplement on milk production and milk composition of Ettawa Crossbred goat during early lactation. The experiment was conducted in the village of Kemiri<br />kebo, Girikerto, Turi, Sleman started from June, 27 until August, 27 2009. The experiment used 8 pregnant goats weighing 36 to 55 kg. The goats were divided into 2 treatments, those were control and treatment groups. The goats in<br />control group received basal feed as much as 10% dry matter of body weight, consisted of calliandra and concentrates with a ratio of 9 to 1 respectively. The treated goats were fed with the same basal feed as those in the control group and<br />supplemented with katu leaves at 0,06% of bodyweight. The examination was conducted to collect data on feed intake, milk production, composition of colostrum and milk. Data were statistically analyzed with T-test. The result showed that katu leaves supplementation as much as 0,06% of body weight was able to increase protein level of colostrum significantly but had no significant effect on feed intake, milk production, and milk composition.</p><p><br />(Key words: Ettawa Crossbred goat, Katu leaves, Milk production and composition)<br /><br /></p>

A note on the lactation performance of twin-bearing cows

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Broster ◽  
A. June Clements ◽  
Randolph E. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Milk Solids

SummarySeven pairs of cows were chosen at parturition. In each pair, 1 member had had a twin pregnancy (T) and the other was a comparable cow with a single calf pregnancy (S). All cows were offered the same amount of feed over the first 28 weeks of lactation. In early lactation, intakes were equal; in mid-lactation the T group ate more. The T cows had a lower peak yield of milk than the S cows, but rates of decline in yield in mid-lactation were equal for the 2 groups. Lactose concentrations in the milk were equal throughout lactation, but the fat and protein concentrations were greater for the T group in early lactation. The T group yielded smaller amounts of milk solids. The T group lost less weight in early lactation and gained more weight subsequently. Three of the T group, but only 1 of the S group, did not conceive during the test lactation.

scholarly journals Effects of chromium supplementation on early lactation performance of Holstein cows

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Z. Yang ◽  
D. N. Mowat ◽  
A. Subiyatno ◽  
R. M. Liptrap
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Lactation Performance

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of chromium (Cr) supplementation on early lactation performance of Holstein cows. Experiment 1 involved 12 primiparous (PP) and 22 multiparous (MP) cows, while exp. 2 involved 18 PP and 22 MP cows. In each trial, cows were fed total mixed rations (TMR) and assigned to one of two treatments: control or 0.5 mg kg−1 supplemental chelated Cr from week 6 prepartum to week 16 postpartum The cortisol response to synthetic adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) intramuscular (i.m.) and the luteinizing hormone (LH) response to synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) i.m. were evaluated as well, during weeks 2 and 6 postpartum in exp. 2 During the first 16 wk of lactation, supplemental Cr tended to increase milk yields in PP cows by 13% (P = 0.06) and increased milk production by 7% (P < 0.05) in exps. 1 and 2, respectively, but had no effect in MP cows. Despite increased milk yield, Cr supplementation had no adverse effect on milk composition, reproductive performance, or health status. Furthermore, Cr supplementation tended to increase the milk lactose content in PP cows. Supplemental Cr reduced serum β-hydroxybutyrate levels and may reduce subclinical ketosis in MP cows. In addition, in overconditioned, aged cows, Cr supplementation may reduce the incidence of certain other metabolic disorders. Peak values and production rates of cortisol in Cr-supplemented cows tended to be greater (P < 0.10) than in control cows at week 6 Basal LH concentrations did not differ between the two treatments for either week However, the Cr-supplemented cows released less (P < 0.05) LH than did control cows at week 6. Results from hormonestimulation tests suggest that the Cr-supplemented cows may have experienced a greater stress with their increased milk production. However the time in postpartum anestrus and the time to conception were similar, suggesting that Cr supplementation may have mitigated the slower return to fertility usually seen in higher producing PP dairy cows. Further study is needed to determine the effects of Cr supplementation on reproductive performance, health status, and metabolic disorders in dairy cows. Key words: Chromium, milk production, luteinizing hormone, cortisol, reproduction, dairy cows

Pesquisas sobre Currículos e Culturas: tensões, movimentos e criações

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Patrícia Silva
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Art Music ◽  
The Other ◽  
Educational Policies ◽  
Cultural Spaces ◽  
Teacher Training Programs ◽  
Do It Yourself

The book Research on Curricula and Cultures: tensions, movements and creations, organized by Marlucy Alves Paraíso and Maria Patrícia Silva, it consists of 17 chapters, one of which is an interesting work by a Canadian scholar who investigates state anti-feminism. The other chapters bring results from 16 researches developed by researchers from the Study and Research Group on Curricula and Cultures (GECC), created and coordinated by Marlucy Alves Paraíso, which has researchers from several Brazilian universities and states. The articles in the book combine the post-critical perspectives used to investigate curricula and cultures in their different nuances, addressing silences, power relations, modes of subjectivation and the movements that prevent their fixity. The book brings research results that discuss the possibilities of creating possibilities at school and in other cultural spaces that also have curricula and develop pedagogies, such as: cyberspace, city, health care programs, teacher training programs, educational policies, etc. In addition, curricula are investigated with emphasis on different practices and aspects: childhood, art, music, dance, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, corporality, politics, with research that also innovates methodologically when operating with openings, experiments, do-it-yourself and compositions in different ways. to research curricula without rigidity, although with the necessary rigor in academic research. O livro reconhece de diferentes modos as possibilidades de conexões entre currículos e culturas, e mostra movimentos capazes de operar transgressões apostando em uma cultura porvir.

scholarly journals Interhospital referral of colorectal cancer patients: a Dutch population-based study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Warps ◽  
◽  
M. P. M. de Neree tot Babberich ◽  
E. Dekker ◽  
M. W. J. M. Wouters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

Abstract Purpose Interhospital referral is a consequence of centralization of complex oncological care but might negatively impact waiting time, a quality indicator in the Netherlands. This study aims to evaluate characteristics and waiting times of patients with primary colorectal cancer who are referred between hospitals. Methods Data were extracted from the Dutch ColoRectal Audit (2015-2019). Waiting time between first tumor-positive biopsy until first treatment was compared between subgroups stratified for referral status, disease stage, and type of hospital. Results In total, 46,561 patients were included. Patients treated for colon or rectal cancer in secondary care hospitals were referred in 12.2% and 14.7%, respectively. In tertiary care hospitals, corresponding referral rates were 43.8% and 66.4%. Referred patients in tertiary care hospitals were younger, but had a more advanced disease stage, and underwent more often multivisceral resection and simultaneous metastasectomy than non-referred patients in secondary care hospitals (p<0.001). Referred patients were more often treated within national quality standards for waiting time compared to non-referred patients (p<0.001). For referred patients, longer waiting times prior to MDT were observed compared to non-referred patients within each hospital type, although most time was spent post-MDT. Conclusion A large proportion of colorectal cancer patients that are treated in tertiary care hospitals are referred from another hospital but mostly treated within standards for waiting time. These patients are younger but often have a more advanced disease. This suggests that these patients are willing to travel more but also reflects successful centralization of complex oncological patients in the Netherlands.

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