scholarly journals Effects of chromium supplementation on early lactation performance of Holstein cows

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Z. Yang ◽  
D. N. Mowat ◽  
A. Subiyatno ◽  
R. M. Liptrap
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Lactation Performance

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of chromium (Cr) supplementation on early lactation performance of Holstein cows. Experiment 1 involved 12 primiparous (PP) and 22 multiparous (MP) cows, while exp. 2 involved 18 PP and 22 MP cows. In each trial, cows were fed total mixed rations (TMR) and assigned to one of two treatments: control or 0.5 mg kg−1 supplemental chelated Cr from week 6 prepartum to week 16 postpartum The cortisol response to synthetic adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) intramuscular (i.m.) and the luteinizing hormone (LH) response to synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) i.m. were evaluated as well, during weeks 2 and 6 postpartum in exp. 2 During the first 16 wk of lactation, supplemental Cr tended to increase milk yields in PP cows by 13% (P = 0.06) and increased milk production by 7% (P < 0.05) in exps. 1 and 2, respectively, but had no effect in MP cows. Despite increased milk yield, Cr supplementation had no adverse effect on milk composition, reproductive performance, or health status. Furthermore, Cr supplementation tended to increase the milk lactose content in PP cows. Supplemental Cr reduced serum β-hydroxybutyrate levels and may reduce subclinical ketosis in MP cows. In addition, in overconditioned, aged cows, Cr supplementation may reduce the incidence of certain other metabolic disorders. Peak values and production rates of cortisol in Cr-supplemented cows tended to be greater (P < 0.10) than in control cows at week 6 Basal LH concentrations did not differ between the two treatments for either week However, the Cr-supplemented cows released less (P < 0.05) LH than did control cows at week 6. Results from hormonestimulation tests suggest that the Cr-supplemented cows may have experienced a greater stress with their increased milk production. However the time in postpartum anestrus and the time to conception were similar, suggesting that Cr supplementation may have mitigated the slower return to fertility usually seen in higher producing PP dairy cows. Further study is needed to determine the effects of Cr supplementation on reproductive performance, health status, and metabolic disorders in dairy cows. Key words: Chromium, milk production, luteinizing hormone, cortisol, reproduction, dairy cows

scholarly journals Effect of Natural Chinese Herbal Supplements (TCMF4) on Lactation Performance and Serum Biomarkers in Peripartal Dairy Cows

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yizhe Cui ◽  
Zhuorui Shan ◽  
Lintong Hou ◽  
Qiuju Wang ◽  
Juan J. Loor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
High Dose Group ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Lactation Performance

This study examined the effect of mixed medicinal herbs from China in the ground form on milk yield and various blood metabolites before and after parturition in Holstein cows. Crushed Agastache rugosus, Scutellaria barbata, Pericarpium citri reticulate, and Radix glycyrrhizae were used to develop TCMF4. Thirty-two Chinese Holstein cows were randomly divided into a control group or groups receiving 0.1, 0.3, or 0.5 kg TCMF4/cow/d from −7 through 21 d relative to parturition. Blood samples for serum isolation were collected at −7, −1, 1, 7, 14, and 21 d relative to parturition and used to measure glucose, β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), total protein, albumin, globulin, and alkaline phosphatase. Milk production was recorded daily for the first 21 d postpartum, and composition was analyzed at 7, 14, and 21 d. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for multiple comparisons. The average milk production during the first 21-d postpartum was 28.7 ± 6.9, 27.2 ± 7.1, 31.2 ± 6.8, and 38.5 ± 6.1 kg/d for control group and groups receiving 0.1, 0.3, or 0.5 kg TCMF4. Thus, average daily milk production increased between 9 to 34% by supplementation with TCMF4 compared with the control group. Compared with the control group, in the middle dose group, milk concentrations of lactose and total protein decreased by 21 and 19%, respectively, at d 7 around parturition, while total solids increased by 23% at d 21 in the high-dose group. Furthermore, compared with the control group, serum BHBA decreased by 50 and 20% at d −1 and 21 around parturition in the high-dose group. Overall, TCMF4 supplementation improved dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production of dairy cows during the periparturient period without adverse effects on liver function, and plasma BHBA concentrations of dairy cows tended to decrease when dietary TCMF4 increased, which suggested that TCMF4 might be used as potential additives in dairy cows to improve production performance.

Associations between early lactation milk protein concentrations and the intervals to calving for Holstein cows of differing parity

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 2100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Fahey ◽  
John M. Morton ◽  
Martin J. Auldist ◽  
Keith L. Macmillan
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Average Interval ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

High milk protein concentrations (MP%) have been positively associated with the reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows. No studies have measured the effects of this association on subsequent calving dates in multiparous cows, nor assessed whether the underlying causal mechanisms are present in nulliparous heifers. Holstein cows (primiparous = 918; multiparous = 4242) were selected from herds that had seasonally concentrated calving patterns resulting from seasonally restricted breeding periods. In seasonally calving herds, the date of a herd’s planned start of calving (PSC date) is the average gestation length of 282 days after the date that the preceding breeding period commenced, so that the interval from the herd’s PSC date to each cow’s actual calving date (PSC-to-calving interval) primarily reflects the time to conception from the start of the breeding period in the previous year. This measure was used to compare associations between the average MP% during the first 120 days of lactation and time to the calving that initiated that lactation in primiparous and multiparous cows. Early lactation MP% was negatively associated with PSC-to-calving interval. A 1% difference in MP% was associated with an 8-day difference in the average PSC-to-calving interval in primiparous cows and a 31–35-day difference in the average interval in multiparous cows. The observed associations between early lactation MP% and PSC-to-calving interval are likely to involve determinants present during a cow’s breeding period that affect the probability of conception. Some of these determinants are not restricted to early lactation as the association between MP% and PSC-to-calving interval in primiparous cows is a reflection of the reproductive performance in nulliparous heifers at ~15 months of age.

Effect of feeding diet containing fish oil and canola oil from transition period on milk production and components of Holstein cows in early lactation

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 157-157
Author(s):  
T Vafa ◽  
A Naserian ◽  
A Heravi Moussavi ◽  
R Valizadeh ◽  
M Danesh Mesgaran
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

There are too many physiological and nutritional factors which can influence lactation performance of early lactation Holstein dairy cows. Supplemental fat sources are utilized in rations for dairy cows as a common method to increase the energy density of the diet, especially in early lactation (Juchem et al., 2007). The fat sources also have a positive effect on milk fatty acid profile. Canola seed which contains 40% fat is an excellent source of dietary fat high in unsaturated fatty acids and protein for dairy animals. Canola oil contains 51% oleic, 25% linoleic, and 14% linolenic acids. Fish oil contains relatively high concentrations fatty acids of the n-3 family. It seems that feeding a blend of different oils will have more positive productive response than individual usage of them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding diets containing fish oil and canola oil starting from transition period on milk production and composition of early lactating Holstein cows.

0123 Association of rumination time and health status with milk production in early lactation dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 57-58
Author(s):  
V. H. Asselstine ◽  
E. I. Kaufman ◽  
S. J. LeBlanc ◽  
B. W. McBride ◽  
T. F. Duffield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Early Lactation

Reasons for the culling of dairy cows on low-input mountain farms

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Frelich ◽  
Martin Šlachta ◽  
Milan Kobes
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Low Input

Reasons for the culling of dairy cows on low-input mountain farmsReasons for the culling of dairy cows were scrutinized on thirty-four low-input farms in the Šumava mountains in the Czech Republic. An increase in the frequency of the most common culling category - category 58 (other health reasons) - was identified in both the Holstein and Czech Fleckvieh breeds between 2000 and 2007: from 35% to 59% in the Holstein cows and from 19% to 41% in the Czech Fleckvieh cows (X2 test; P<0.001). This brought the Czech Fleckvieh cows to the same level of frequency as in the Czech Republic population, while the frequency among Holstein cows was on average 11% higher than in the Czech Republic population. The frequency of category 58 was higher in the Holstein than in the Czech Fleckvieh cows, but category 52 (low milk production) was more frequent in the Czech Fleckvieh than in the Holstein cows (P<0.001). There is a link between category 58 ‘other health reasons’ and an increase in the milk productivity of the cows; this results eventually in a higher incidence of metabolic disorders and is discussed in this paper.

Performance of Holstein cows fed two levels of concentrate supplementation and ruminally undegraded protein.

1969 ◽  
Vol 90 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 9-26
Author(s):  
Teodoro M. Ruiz ◽  
Efraín Cancel-Medina
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
High Level

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of level of concentrate supplementation with two concentrates differing in concentration and type of ruminally undegradable protein (RUP) on dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production of Holstein cows in late (E1) and early (E2) lactation. In both trials, concentrates were fed at the rate of 1 kg per 2.5 or 1.5 kg of milk, constituting low (LCS) and high (HCS) levels of concentrate supplementation, respectively. No significant effect of type of concentrate was observed on DMI, milk production, milk composition or efficiency of milk production in either experiment. HCS resulted in lower hay DM consumption by cows in late (9.8 vs. 11.3 kg/d) and early (6.4 vs. 8.1 kg/d) lactation, but also in greater total DMI by late (17.7 vs. 15.6 kg/d) and early (19.6 vs. 16.2 kg/d) lactation cows. Similarly, milk production was greater when late (13.1 vs. 11.8 kg/d) and early (25.5 vs. 22.6 kg/d) lactation cows were fed the HCS. In E2, contrary to E1, cows produced milk of higher fat concentration (2.66 vs. 3.18%) when the LCS was fed. HCS resulted in lower efficiency of concentrate use for milk and 3.25%-fat-corrected milk production, particularly during early lactation. However, income over feed cost was higher for HCS during early lactation. Thus, the practice of supplementing concentrates at a high level can be justified economically under conditions similar to those of this trial.

More frequent allocation of herbage does not improve the milk production of dairy cows in early lactation

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 593 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Dalley ◽  
J. R. Roche ◽  
P. J. Moate ◽  
C. Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Daily Allowance

Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that offering a given daily allowance of herbage as smaller feeds more frequently than once per day will increase daily herbage intake and milk yield. In experiment 1 (spring 1995), cows in early lactation were offered either 40 or 65 kg DM/cow.day allowance of herbage as either 1 feed or as 6 equal feeds. The latter cows received a fresh strip of herbage at 0600, 0900, 1100, 1330, 1800 and 2000 hours. The experiment lasted 28 days with treatment effects being measured from days 15 to 28. There were no significant differences in herbage intake (15.6 v. 15.9 kg DM/cow.day), grazing time (9.4 v. 9.5 h/cow.day), milk production (25.4 v. 25.2 L/cow.day) or milk composition between the 1-feed treatment and 6-feed treatment, respectively, during the final 2 weeks of the experiment. Increasing herbage allowance increased (P<0.001) herbage intake. Liveweight loss during the experiment was less (P<0.05) for 6-feed cows than 1-feed cows. A similar experiment was conducted in 1996 (experiment 2); however, all cows were offered a single herbage allowance of 50 kg DM/cow.day. The frequencies of feeding were the same as in experiment 1 except that a new strip of herbage was offered to the 6-feed cows at 0800, 1130, 1700, 2030, 2400 and 0330 hours. The experiment comprised 2 intensive measurement periods, the first in weeks 1 and 2 (period 1) and the second in weeks 4 and 5 (period 2). Herbage intake did not differ between treatments averaging 15.2 and 16.3 kg DM/cow.day for the 1-feedtreatment and 6-feed treatment respectively. Milk yield declined from 27.1 L/cow.day in period l to 25.6 L/cow.day in period 2 and was lower for the 6-feed treatment than for the 1-feed treatment 25.7 and 26.7 L/cow.day, respectively. Offering fresh herbage to the 6-feed cows between 2000 and 0600 hours decreased the proportion of daylight hours these cows spent grazing but did not change total grazing time. Despite the adoption of extreme grazing management procedures in the experiments reported in this paper, we were unable to increase herbage intake or milk production of dairy cows in early lactation. It would appear that farmers have little opportunity to increase herbage intake in early lactation by increasing the frequency of allocation of pasture

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