Phylogenetic relationships of New Guinean rodents (Rodentia: Muridae) based on chromosomes.

1989 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
S.C. Donnellan
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
New Guinea

The standard and C-banded chromosomes of 10 species from eight genera of New Guinea rodents are described. The data show that Anisomys, Lorentzimys, Pogonomys and possibly Chiruromys, previously karyotyped by Dennis and Menzies (1979), appear to form a clade by virtue of a shared Robertsonian rearrangement. The karyotypes of the two Uromys species examined differ by multiple rearrangements. Further investigations of these species and their New Guinean congeners may provide a framework for the resolution of the systematics of Australo-Papuan Uromys.

scholarly journals Wild dogs and village dogs in New Guinea: were they different?

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Dwyer ◽  
Monica Minnegal
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Evolutionarily Significant Unit ◽  
Western Province ◽  
Firm Basis ◽  
Wild Dogs ◽  
Subspecific Level

Recent accounts of wild-living dogs in New Guinea argue that these animals qualify as an ‘evolutionarily significant unit’ that is distinct from village dogs, have been and remain genetically isolated from village dogs and merit taxonomic recognition at, at least, subspecific level. These accounts have paid little attention to reports concerning village dogs. This paper reviews some of those reports, summarises observations from the interior lowlands of Western Province and concludes that: (1) at the time of European colonisation, wild-living dogs and most, if not all, village dogs of New Guinea comprised a single though heterogeneous gene pool; (2) eventual resolution of the phylogenetic relationships of New Guinean wild-living dogs will apply equally to all or most of the earliest New Guinean village-based dogs; and (3) there remain places where the local village-based population of domestic dogs continues to be dominated by individuals whose genetic inheritance can be traced to precolonisation canid forebears. At this time, there is no firm basis from which to assign a unique Linnaean name to dogs that live as wild animals at high altitudes of New Guinea.

Phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography of melanotaeniid fishes in Australia and New Guinea

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 713 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. McGuigan ◽  
D. Zhu ◽  
G. R. Allen ◽  
C. Moritz
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Disjunct Distribution ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Monophyletic Clade ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Mtdna Diversity ◽  
North Western

Phylogenetic analysis of melanotaeniid mtDNA cytochrome b and tRNA Pro-control region sequence is broadly consistent with the current taxonomy. However, the molecular phylogeny supports the elevation of M. s. australis to full species status and indicates either that it is a composite species or has introgressed with sympatric Melanotaenia species. Phenotypically cryptic mtDNA diversity in north-eastern Australia possibly represents an undescribed species. Six major monophyletic clades present in the phylogeny were strongly supported by morphological data. The clades represent three biogeographic regions. Fish from northern New Guinea form a monophyletic clade, within which Melanotaenia and Glossolepis are polyphyletic. The divergence of this clade from those in southern New Guinea is consistent with the final uplift of the Central Highlands 5 million years BP. North-western New Guinea and associated islands represent another highly divergent, monophyletic clade of a similar age to that in northern New Guinea. The remaining four clades form a monophyletic assemblage restricted to southern New Guinea and Australia: one in northern Australia, one with a disjunct distribution in north-western and eastern Australia, one widespread throughout Australia and southern New Guinea, and one in southern New Guinea with an outlying species in northern Australia. The phylogenetic relationships between Australia and southern New Guinea are consistent with episodic connection via the freshwater Lake Carpentaria during periods of low sea level.

The genus Nactus (Lacertilia: Gekkonidae): a phylogenetic analysis and description of two new species from the Papuan Region

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1061 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRED KRAUS
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Group Character ◽  
Two New Species

Two new geckos from islands off the southeastern tip of New Guinea are not readily assignable to any currently defined genus but appear closely related to Nactus. The defining features of Nactus, however, have been uncertain because of variation among species assigned to this group, character convergence with other genera, and varying character emphases of different researchers. Moreover, relationships of Nactus to other gekkonine genera are uncertain because of homoplasy among the few characters used to infer higher-level relationships within Gekkoninae. I performed an analysis of phylogenetic relationships of my two new species to members of Nactus using a variety of other gekkonine and diplodactyline genera as outgroups. The results indicate the two new species are derived members of the genus Nactus that have undergone evolutionary reversal of some of the characters previously used to distinguish this genus. A further result of my analyses is that Nactus as currently conceived may prove paraphyletic or polyphyletic because its two most morphologically divergent species fail to cluster with the remaining members of this genus in all analyses. The two new species are herein described as Nactus sphaerodactylodes sp. nov. and Nactus acutus sp. nov. and may readily be distinguished from the other members of the genus by a variety of scalational features.

Morphological phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the former antlion subtribe Periclystina (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4796 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-322
Author(s):  
RENATO JOSE PIRES MACHADO ◽  
JOHN DAVID OSWALD
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Parsimony Analysis

The species of the former antlion subtribe Periclystina (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) are revised. Prior to this work Periclystina comprised 10 genera and 63 species endemic to Australia (62 spp.) and New Guinea (1 sp.). In this work two former genera are synonymized and four new genera are proposed (for a total of 12 valid genera), and six former species are synonymized and 16 new species are proposed (for a total of 73 valid species). A parsimony analysis utilizing 62 morphological characters is used to infer phylogenetic relationships among all 73 species, and suitable outgroups. Based on the results of the phylogenetic analysis, the tribal and/or generic assignments of 55 (75%) of former Periclystina species are modified here. Periclystina and its two largest genera—Austrogymnocnemia and Glenoleon—were all recovered as polyphyletic in their former circumscriptions. Ten species—placed here in six genera: Anomaloplectron, Csiroleon, Fissuleon gen. nov., Franzenia, Fusoleon and Latileon gen. nov.—clustered phylogenetically with Acanthoplectron and are transferred to the tribe Acanthoplectrini. The remaining 63 species—placed in six additional genera: Austrogymnocnemia, Glenoleon, Megagonoleon gen. nov., Minyleon gen. nov., Periclystus and Riekoleon—form a monophyletic Periclystus genus group and are transferred to the tribe Dendroleontini. All 73 species are (re)described and illustrated. New identification keys are provided for the tribes of Dendroleontinae, for the Australian genera of Acanthoplectrini and Dendroleontini, and for each of the non-monotypic genera treated. In addition, five new lectotypes are designated and 35 new combinations are created. 

Revision of the genera Gollumiella Hedqvist and Anorasema Boucek (Hymenoptera : Eucharitidae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Heraty
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
A New Species

Gollumiella Hedqvist (type species: G. longipetiolata Hedqvist, 1978) is resurrected from synonymy with Losbanus Ishii, and Losbanus (type species: L. uichancoi Ishii, 1932) is synonymised with Orasema Cameron. Gollumiella is revised and a key is provided to distinguish the six species in the Indo-Pacific region. Three new species of Gollumiella are described: G. guineensis (New Guinea), G. infuscata (Borneo) and G. neopetiolata (Borneo, New Guinea and the Philippines). New character states for Anorasema Boucek are presented and a new species, A. manii (India), is described. Phylogenetic relationships among Gollumiella, Anorasema and other Eucharitidae are discussed.

Phylogenetic relationships of Rhododendron section Vireya (Ericaceae) inferred from the ITS nrDNA region

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian K. Brown ◽  
Lyn A. Craven ◽  
Frank Udovicic ◽  
Pauline Y. Ladiges
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Its Region ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Its Nrdna ◽  
Traditional Classification ◽  
Molecular Phylogenies

Rhododendron L. taxonomy has been tested in recent times by molecular phylogenies based on several DNA regions. Most of these studies have aimed at higher-level relationships, despite the importance of lower ranks, such as sections, to most workers on the genus. Almost one-third of the species of Rhododendron are placed in one of the lepidote (scaly) sections, section Vireya (Blume) Copel.f. Results of phylogenetic analyses of the ITS region (ITS-1, 5.8S and ITS-2) for the genus Rhododendron, with sampling concentrated on section Vireya, are presented. The results of Bayesian and parsimony analyses were predominantly congruent. Subgenus Rhododendron is inferred to be monophyletic, while two of the three sections, Rhododendron and Vireya, are polyphyletic; the monophyly of section Pogonanthum Aitch. & Hemsl. was not tested in this study. Relationships between the species of section Vireya do not correspond to the traditional classification based on morphology, instead correlating strongly with geographic areas, with a disjunction between an Australian–New Guinea clade and clades of west and middle Malesian taxa. The phylogeny also indicates that the ITS region may not undergo complete homogenisation in all species of Rhododendron.

Phylogenetic relationships of Australian Poa (Poaceae: Poinae), including molecular evidence for two new genera, Saxipoa and Sylvipoa

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn J. Gillespie ◽  
Robert J. Soreng ◽  
Surrey W. L. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Dna Sequence Data

Phylogenetic relationships among Australian species of Poa and other subtribe Poinae genera were studied on the basis of plastid trnT–trnL–trnF and nuclear ribosomal ITS and ETS DNA sequence data. Molecular evidence is provided for two new monotypic endemic Australian genera, Sylvipoa and Saxipoa, on the basis of two species formerly included in Poa, P. queenslandica and P. saxicola, respectively. Both new genera resolved in a clade with three subtribe Poinae genera, the Australian genus Hookerochloa, the South American genus Nicoraepoa, and the arctic genus Arctagrostis. Sylvipoa and Nicoraepoa are sister taxa. Saxipoa resolved as sister to these plus Arctagrostis, but also shares DNA sequence characters with Hookerochloa, suggesting a possible hybrid origin. All other Australian Poa species studied resolved in a subclade within the P. subgenus Poa supersection Homalopoa clade, supporting their classification together in an expanded P. section Brizoides. Five New Zealand and one New Guinea species also resolved in this subclade, supporting their membership in this section. We postulate a minimum of two dispersal events into Australia, one for Poa and one for other Poinae genera, and a minimum of three into New Zealand and two into New Guinea for Poa.

Architecture of Radiolitid Rudist (Mollusca) Shell-Wall Structures and its Phylogenetic Implications

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 686-687
Author(s):  
David H. Sturm ◽  
Bob F. Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Shell Microstructure ◽  
Shell Wall ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
Cellular Wall ◽  
Superfamily Analysis ◽  
Central Texas

Each of the seven families of rudists (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Hippuritacea) is characterized by distinctive shell-wall architectures which reflect phylogenetic relationships within the superfamily. Analysis of the complex, calcareous, cellular wall of the attached valve of the radiolite rudist Eoradiolites davidsoni (Hill) from the Comanche Cretaceous of Central Texas indicates that its wall architecture is an elaboration of the simpler monopleurid rudist wall and supports possible radiolite-monopleurid relationships.Several well-preserved specimens of E. davidsoni were sectioned, polished, etched, and carbon and gold coated for SEM examination. Maximum shell microstructure detail was displayed by etching with a 0.7% HC1 solution from 80 to 100 seconds.The shell of E. davidsoni comprises a large, thick-walled, conical, attached valve (AV) and a small, very thin, operculate, free valve (FV) (Fig. 1a). The AV shell is two-layered with a thin inner wall, in which original structures are usually obliterated by recrystallization, and a thick, cellular, outer wall.

Public Health in Papua New Guinea

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Denoon ◽  
Kathleen Dugan ◽  
Leslie Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea
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