Penetration ability of echidna spines and porcupine quills

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
B. A. Gooden ◽  
M. L. Augee
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Opening Angle ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
Mammalian Muscle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Penetration Ability ◽  
Different Response ◽  
And Function ◽  
Tachyglossus Aculeatus

The structure and function of 10 echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) spines and 10 cape porcupine (Hystrix africaeaustralis) quills were compared with regard to their ability to penetrate a mammalian muscle tissue analogue (10% gelatine). All specimens showed a significant correlation between the load applied and the depth of penetration into the gel. There was no significant difference between the penetration ability of the echidna spines and the porcupine quills despite the finding that quills had a significantly smaller angle at the tip of the spine (opening angle). The penetration ability of echidna spines was inversely related to the opening angle whereas there was no such correlation in porcupine quills. These findings are discussed in relation to the different response of these two species to possible predators.

Comparison of the structure and function of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase–oxygenase from a cold-hardy and nonhardy potato species

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman P. A. Huner ◽  
Jiwan P. Palta ◽  
Paul H. Li ◽  
John V. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Large Subunit ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Sulfhydryl Groups ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ribulosebisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
And Function ◽  
Kinetics Of

A comparison of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase–oxygenase from the leaves of the non-acclimated, cold-hardy species, Solanum commersonii, and the nonacclimated, nonhardy species, Solanum tuberosum showed that this enzyme from the two species differed in structure and function. The results of sulfhydryl group titration with 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) indicated that the kinetics of titration and the number of accessible sulfhydryl groups in the native enzymes were different. After 30 min, the enzyme from the hardy species had 1.7 times fewer sulfhydryl groups titrated than that from the nonhardy species. In the presence of 1% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulfate, the total number of sulfhydryl groups titratable with 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) was the same for both species. However, this denaturant had a differential effect on the kinetics of titration with 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). Both enzymes had a native molecular weight of about 550 000. The quaternary structures of the two enzymes were similar with the presence of large and small subunits of 54 000 and 14 000, respectively. However, there was more polypeptide of 108 000 – 110 000 present in preparations of the enzyme from S. tuberosum than from S. commersonii. This polypeptide is an apparent dimer of the large subunit on a relative mass basis. The large subunit of the enzyme from S. tuberosum was more sensitive to the absence of reducing agent and was more sensitive to freezing and thawing than the large subunit of the enzyme from S. commersonii. Catalytic properties of both enzymes at 5 and 25 °C indicated no significant difference in the [Formula: see text] at either temperature. However, the Vmax at 5 °C for the enzyme from S. commersonii was 35% higher than that of the enzyme from S. tuberosum. In contrast, the Vmax at 25 °C for the enzyme of the hardy species was 250% lower than that of the enzyme from the nonhardy species.

scholarly journals Development of Biological E-Module Based on Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) Learning on Structure and Function of Plants and Animal Networks to Improve Critical Thinking Skills of Class XI MIPA SMA Students

2022 ◽  
Vol 04 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunila Fajrida ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Critical Thinking Skills ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Contextual Teaching ◽  
And Function

In the field of education, the presence of technology has helped teachers a lot in carrying out learning. Future education cannot only focus on cognitive aspects. To face various problems and challenges of the times in the future, students are expected to have much better attitudes, skills, and knowledge competencies, to be more creative, innovative, and productive. The purpose of this research is to analyze the feasibility and effectiveness of the development e-module Biology based on Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) on the material structure and function of plant and animal tissues to improve the critical thinking skills of students in class XI MIPA SMA that are valid, practical, and effective. The results showed that the e-module Biology based on Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) on the structure and function of plant and animal tissues to improve critical thinking skills of students in class XI MIPA SMA has a very valid category with a validator value of 89.33%, very practical 93.33% by Biology teachers and students with a score of 87.52% and the results of the effectiveness test of the CTL - based e-module showed that it was very effective, there was a significant difference between classes that used CTL - based e-modules and classes that did not use CTL - based e-modules . So, it can be concluded that the CTL-based Biology e-module that has been developed is very valid, very practical, and very effective.

scholarly journals Drosophila MICOS knockdown impairs mitochondrial structure and function and promotes mitophagy in muscle tissue

Biology Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. bio054262
Author(s):  
Li-jie Wang ◽  
Tian Hsu ◽  
Hsiang-ling Lin ◽  
Chi-yu Fu
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Mitochondrial Morphology ◽  
Mitochondrial Structure ◽  
And Function ◽  
Nucleoid Structure

ABSTRACTThe mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) is a multi-protein interaction hub that helps define mitochondrial ultrastructure. While the functional importance of MICOS is mostly characterized in yeast and mammalian cells in culture, the contributions of MICOS to tissue homeostasis in vivo remain further elucidation. In this study, we examined how knocking down expression of Drosophila MICOS genes affects mitochondrial function and muscle tissue homeostasis. We found that CG5903/MIC26-MIC27 colocalizes and functions with Mitofilin/MIC60 and QIL1/MIC13 as a Drosophila MICOS component; knocking down expression of any of these three genes predictably altered mitochondrial morphology, causing loss of cristae junctions, and disruption of cristae packing. Furthermore, the knockdown flies exhibited low mitochondrial membrane potential, fusion/fission imbalances, increased mitophagy, and limited cell death. Reductions in climbing ability indicated deficits in muscle function. Knocking down MICOS genes also caused reduced mtDNA content and fragmented mitochondrial nucleoid structure in Drosophila. Together, our data demonstrate an essential role of Drosophila MICOS in maintaining proper homeostasis of mitochondrial structure and function to promote the function of muscle tissue.

scholarly journals Assessment of objective ocular cyclodeviation under monocular condition and binocular condition using fundus photography

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000595
Author(s):  
Noriaki Murata ◽  
Haruo Toda ◽  
Haruna Amaki ◽  
Kanako Suzuki ◽  
Yumi Nagai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Binocular Condition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Retinal Structure ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectiveThe relationship between retinal structure and function of glaucomatous eyes has attracted a great deal of research attention. However, visual field tests are conducted under monocular condition, and ophthalmic imaging was performed in patients without occlusion. We aimed to assess the objective ocular cyclodeviation between monocular occlusion and binocular conditions using fundus photography.Methods and analysisThis study included 76 healthy participants. We obtained six photos of the right eye of each patient using fundus photography. Three of the photographs were taken under monocular conditions, and the other three, under binocular conditions. We measured the optic disc margin-fovea angle (MFA) of the line connecting one point of the disc limbus and the fovea. One-way repeated analysis of variance was used to compare the angles under both conditions. We also examined the direction of ocular rotation under the binocular condition regarding the monocular condition.ResultsThe MFAs were 12.12°±3.83° and 12.19°±3.95° under the monocular and binocular conditions, respectively. There was no significant difference in both MFAs (F=1.19, p=0.28). The mean cyclodeviation was 0.07°±0.80° (range: −2.40° to +2.75°). A total of 38 eyes showed excycloduction, while another 38 showed incycloduction.ConclusionSignificant cyclodeviation did not occur regardless of the existence of an occlusion. When examining the relationship between retinal structure and function, the difference in rotation angle under both conditions need not be taken into consideration if the other disease did not cause pathological cyclodeviation.

scholarly journals Implications for Gender Relations of Summons-Response and Address Forms in Dagbanli

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nantogma Alhassan Salifu
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Address Forms ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Different Response ◽  
And Function ◽  
Address Terms

This paper examines the structure and function of the summons and response in Dagbanli as well as address forms in the husband-wife relation. The Dagbanli language imposes different response forms on males and females and asymmetrical address terms between husband and wife. Drawing from my knowledge of the language as a native speaker and from observed practices of other speakers as well as from insights of key informants, I apply theories of sociolinguistics and pragmatics to analyze these simple conversational acts and I argue that they do not only reflect the sex differences of speakers but embed a larger gender ideology of unequal social relations between males and females in the Dagomba society.

scholarly journals The impact of occlusal morphology on fissure sealant penetration

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Bojan Petrovic ◽  
Dejan Markovic ◽  
Duska Blagojevic
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Fissure Sealants ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
Fissure Sealant ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Penetration Ability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pits And Fissures

Introduction: In contemporary preventive dentistry there are numerous experimental in vitro and clinical studies on the growing number of materials for sealing pits and fissures. Aim: the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of occlusal tooth morphology on penetrating abilities of two types of fissure sealants and measure the unfilled space at the bottom of occlusal groove using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 10 freshly extraced intact premolars and 10 molars randomly divided into 4 groups. In group I (5 premolars), and group II (5 molars) glass ionomer Fuji VII was used as fissure sealant, while in groups III (5 premolars) and IV (5 molars) resin-based sealant (Helioseal-F) was used. Six sections of each tooth were prepared for SEM. Sealant penetration was observed at 30x magnification and the unfilled space at the bottom of the groove at 500x. Sealant penetration in relation to the absolute depth of occlusal grooves was recorded and the unfilled space beneath the sealant was expressed through its greatest diameter. Results were statistically analyzed using ?2 test. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in penetration ability and the unfilled space between tested materials or teeth groups. The average depth of penetration for glass ionomer was 83% and for resin-based sealant 81% of fissure depth. Mean diameters of the unfilled space beneath the sealants were 95 ?m (glass ionomer) and 93 ?m (resin-based sealant). Shallower penetration of both sealing materials was observed in deep pits and fissures with greater diameter of unfilled space (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on results of the present study it can be concluded that penetration of contemporary fissure sealants largely depends on occlusal tooth anatomy.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF ABHA GUGGULU AND YOGARAJA GUGGULU IN JANU SANDHIGATA VATA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1943-1950
Author(s):  
Archana B.H. Jadav ◽  
Susheel Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Osteoarthritis Of The Knee ◽  
Basic Character ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Comparative Clinical Study ◽  
And Function ◽  
Single Blind

Mobility is the basic character of life that depends on the structural as well as the functional character of the body. As age advances, while proper nutrition is not available, the body loses its qualitative capacity for structure and function. Janu Sandhigata Vata has been explained classically by Acharyas and its lakshanas are Vata Poorna- dhrithi Sparsha, Sandhi Shotha, Sandhi Shoola and the presence of Vedana during Prasarana and Aakunchana. The lakshanas of Janu Sandhigata Vata is found to be congruent with Osteoarthritis of the Knee. Research statis- tics have shown that in India, 22% of the population shows Osteoarthritis and females slightly dominate in the incidence. Abha Guggulu and Yogaraja Guggulu are two formulations that contain the drugs of Vatahara, Shothahara, Vedanasthapaka property which will help in the management of Janu Sandhigata Vata. Methods: It was a single-blind randomized comparative clinical trial. The study was conducted on 40 subjects for 30 days. Observations were analyzed and findings were evaluated by using statistical methods. Results: The severity of symptoms markedly reduced in both the groups which is statistically significant and on comparing the effect be- tween Abha Guggulu and Yogaraja Guggulu, there was no statistical difference obtained. Conclusion: The result suggests that both Abha Guggulu and Yogaraja Guggulu had a significant effect on Janu Sandhigata Vata There was no significant difference in the effect of Abha Guggulu and Yogaraja Guggulu. Keywords: Janu Sandhigata Vata, Abha Guggulu, Yogaraja Guggulu

The Use of Self Construction Animation Learning Software to Improve the Students Concept Mastery on Structure and Functions of Plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akbar Shidiq I ◽  
Diana Rochintaniawati ◽  
Yayan Sanjaya (Page 01-13 )
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Concept Mastery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
8Th Grade ◽  
Learning Software ◽  
And Function

The use of learning media plays an ultimate role in Biology learning to assist students in understanding subject matter. This study aims to improve students’ concept mastery after using selfconstruction animation learning software in subject matter of structure and function of plant. The method used in this study was Quasi Experiment, while the design used was Pretest Posttest None-equivalent Groups Design Research. The study was conducted in the 8th grade of MTs Ma’arif  Cikeruh Jatinangor. The sampling used Purposive Sampling, thus 8th B was chosen as the experimental class while 8th was chosen as the control class. The instrument used in this study was a written test in the form of multiple choices. The taken data were analyzed by using N-Gain to discover the improvement of concept mastery and hypothesis test analysis to discover the differences of concept mastery improvement. The result of the study shows that there is a significant difference in the concept mastery improvement in structure and function of plants subject matter. The result of NGain analysis shows that such a media mentioned earlier can improve students’ concept mastery.

scholarly journals Optical Biopsy Using Tissue Spectroscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 376-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman S Nishioka
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Colonic Polyps ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Light Energy ◽  
Optical Biopsy ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
And Function

‘Optical biopsy’ or ‘optical diagnostics’ is a technique whereby light energy is used to obtain information about the structure and function of tissues without disrupting them. In fluorescence spectroscopy, light energy (usually provided by a laser) is used to excite tissues and the resulting fluorescence provides information about the target tissue. Its major gastrointestinal application has been in the evaluation of colonic polyps, in which it can reliably distinguish malignant from benign lesions. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been used in the investigation of Barrett’s epithelium (and dysplasia), although a variety of other applications are feasible. For example, OCT could assist in the identification and staging of mucosal and submucosal neoplasms, the grading of inflammation in the stomach and intestine, the diagnosis of biliary tumours and the assessment of villous architecture. OCT differs from endoscopic ultrasound, a complementary modality, in that it has a much higher resolution but lesser depth of penetration. The images correlate with the histopathological appearance of tissues, and the addition of Doppler methods may enable it to evaluate the vascularity of tumours and the amount of blood flow in varices. Refinements in these new optical techniques will likely make them valuable in clinical practice, although their specific roles have yet to be determined.

Doxorubicin Administration by Continuous Infusion Is Not Cardioprotective: The Dana-Farber 91-01 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Protocol

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1677-1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Lipshultz ◽  
Amy L. Giantris ◽  
Stuart R. Lipsitz ◽  
Virginia Kimball Dalton ◽  
Barbara L. Asselin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Function

PURPOSE: Acute doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity can be prevented in adults by continuous infusion of the drug, but mechanisms of cardiotoxicity are different in children. We compared cardiac outcomes in children receiving bolus or continuous infusion of doxorubicin. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a randomized study, children with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia received doxorubicin 360 mg/m2 in 30-mg/m2 doses every 3 weeks either by bolus (within 1 hour, n = 57) or by continuous infusion (over 48 hours, n = 64). Echocardiograms obtained before doxorubicin and at longest follow-up times were centrally remeasured, and z scores of cardiac measurements were calculated based on a healthy population. RESULTS: The groups were similar in age, sex distribution, doxorubicin dose, and duration of follow-up. Before treatment, measures of left ventricular (LV) structure and function did not reveal dilated cardiomyopathy and were not statistically different between bolus and continuous-infusion groups. The follow-up echocardiograms demonstrated no significant difference between the two groups for any cardiac characteristic, but both groups showed significant abnormalities of LV structure and function compared with normal and with baseline. For example, the mean LV fractional shortening fell by approximately two SD in both groups between the two echocardiograms. LV contractility was depressed in both groups (for bolus patients, median z score = −0.70 SD, P = .006; for continuous-infusion patients, median z score = −0.765, P = .005). Dilated cardiomyopathy and inadequate LV hypertrophy were noted in both groups. Clinical cardiac manifestations and event-free survival did not differ. CONCLUSION: Continuous doxorubicin infusion over 48 hours for childhood leukemia did not offer a cardioprotective advantage over bolus infusion. Both regimens were associated with progressive subclinical cardiotoxicity. Other cardioprotective strategies should be explored.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document