scholarly journals Distribution and status of the red-tailed phascogale (Phascogale calura)

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Short ◽  
Andrew Hide
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
The West ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Jarrah Forest ◽  
Biogeographical Regions ◽  
To Come ◽  
Eucalyptus Wandoo

The red-tailed phascogale once extended widely across semiarid and arid Australia, but is now entirely confined to the southern wheatbelt of Western Australia, occupying less than 1% of its former range. Here it occurs in a portion of the Avon Wheatbelt, Jarrah Forest, Mallee, and Esperance Plains biogeographical regions. The species persists only in areas that have been extensively cleared for agriculture and where the remaining bushland is highly fragmented. It does not appear to extend into unfragmented habitat in either the Jarrah Forest to the west or Mallee region to the east. It occurs primarily in woodland habitat with old-growth hollow-producing eucalypts, primarily wandoo (Eucalyptus wandoo) or York Gum (E. loxophleba), but records from the periphery of its current range appear to come from a broader range of habitats, including shrublands and various mosaics of woodland, shrubland, and scrub-heath. Key factors limiting persistence are likely to be fragmentation of habitat that is likely to greatly increase the risks associated with dispersal, a shortage of suitable nesting hollows in many vegetation associations, and predation by feral and domestic cats and by foxes. These factors, particularly fragmentation and lack of suitable nesting hollows, suggest that the species’ long-term persistence in areas beyond the wandoo belt is far from assured.

Islamophobia

2019 ◽  
pp. 244-271
Author(s):  
Martin Pugh
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Islamic Fundamentalism ◽  
The West ◽  
Small Minority ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Proximate Causes ◽  
To Come ◽  
The 1960S

This chapter discusses how, misled by Islamophobic propaganda, Britain and America were unable to come to terms with what they called ‘Islamism’. The origins of what is variously known as Islamism, Islamic fundamentalism, and radical Islamism lie in the 1960s, in the ideas of a handful of Muslims in Pakistan, Egypt, and Iran who believed that Muslims had been led astray from their religion by nationalist movements. Although some Muslims were critical of Western morality and politics, Islamism was not primarily anti-Western: it was essentially a reaction against what were widely seen as the corrupt, authoritarian, and secular regimes that controlled much of the Muslim world. The aim was to evict them, return to a purer form of Islam and re-create an Islamic state. In view of the exaggerated reputation it enjoys in the West, it is worth remembering that this movement has largely been a failure. Yet while fundamentalism appeals to only a small minority, it is also the case that large numbers of Muslims have become aggrieved by the policies of the Western powers. The explanation for this can be found in long-term frustration with the consistently pro-Israeli policy of Britain and the United States over Palestine, in addition to the proximate causes in the shape of two Afghan wars, the genocide in Bosnia, the Rushdie affair, and the first Gulf War in 1990, which made many Muslims see themselves as the victims of Western aggression and interventionism.

Active employment policy: a chance for czech labour market?

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Frýdmanová ◽  
Eva Zamrazilová
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
The West ◽  
Employment Policies ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Massive Growth ◽  
European Experience ◽  
To Come

Czech labour market has been getting closer to standard labour market, notable growth of long-term unemployment can therefore be expected in the years to come. The level of long-term unemployment is still much lower in comparison with market economies, so that wide space still exists to stop massive growth of long-term unemployment. <P>Reviewing the West European experience shows that active employment policies can be quite helpful to cope with the problem of long-term unemployment and its social impacts. National Employment Plan declares more intensive implementation of active employment policy, its financial possibilities being, however, rather limited. Some structural problems of Czech labour market could limit effectiveness of this Plan as well.

scholarly journals First in, first served: uptake of 1080 poison fox baits in south-west Western Australia

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon J. Dundas ◽  
Peter J. Adams ◽  
Patricia A. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Jarrah Forest ◽  
Remote Cameras ◽  
South West ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
High Level ◽  
Number Of Passes

Context In Western Australia, baits containing 1080 poison are widely used to control the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) for fauna conservation. Despite long-term (15–17 years) baiting programs, bait uptake by target and non-target species is largely unknown, but affects baiting efficacy. Aims We examined bait uptake of 1080-poisoned fox baits laid according to current practice at seven riparian sites in the northern jarrah forest (of south-west Western Australia). There, intensive baiting regimes have been implemented for the protection of quokka (Setonix brachyurus) populations. Methods Over 9 months, 299 Probait® baits were monitored regularly to determine their persistence, and, at 142 of these, Reconyx HC500 remote cameras were used to identify the species taking baits. To compare bait uptake with species presence at these sites, we calculated an activity index for each species from the number of passes of animals in front of the cameras. Key results The species taking baits was identified for 100 of the baits monitored with cameras, and, because of multiple species taking baits, 130 bait take incidents were recorded in total. The fate of 40 of the baits was not discernible and two baits were not removed. In all, 99% of baits monitored by cameras were taken by non-target species and quokkas took 48% of them. The majority of baits (62% of the total 299 monitored) were taken before or on the first night of deployment, and 95% of baits had been taken within 7 days. With the exception of feral pigs, which took more baits than predicted from their activity index at these sites, baits were taken in proportion to the activity index of species. Foxes were present at four of the seven sites, but only one fox was observed taking a bait. Conclusions The high level of uptake of baits by non-target animals reflects their diversity and abundance at these sites, but also significantly reduces the availability of baits to control foxes. Implications Strategies to reduce non-target bait uptake and increase bait availability for foxes are required.

Distribution and Impact of Armillaria luteobubalina in the Eucalyptus marginata Forest of South-Western Australia

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 433 ◽  
Author(s):  
BL Shearer ◽  
JT Tippett
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
The West ◽  
Fire Scars ◽  
Eucalyptus Marginata ◽  
Host Mortality ◽  
Eucalyptus Wandoo ◽  
Lower Stem

Armillaria luteobubalina is a widespread primary pathogen in the Eucalyptus marginata forest of south-western Australia. Over 200 infection centres were identified during the 5-year period between 1981 and 1985. The fungus sporulated during June and July, usually from roots but sometimes from stems (e.g. E. calophylla). Armillaria luteobubalina basidiomes were found originating from roots of 34 plant species, with greatest incidence on roots of E. marginata. Root systems were excavated and patterns of A . Luteobubalina invasion recorded. Rhizomorphs were not found and fungal spread between hosts was via root to root contacts, Variation in host species' susceptibility to the fungus was reflected in different patterns of xylem compartmentalisation and variable amounts of cambial damage. The degree of resistance expressed at the collar or lower stem determined the fate of individuals of the various species. Lack of resistance in Eucalyptus wandoo to tangential spread of A. luteobubalina often resulted in death by the time columns of decay had advanced into the lower stem or butt. Banksia grandis, E. calophylla, E. gomphocephala, and E. marginata resisted to varying degrees. Inverted V-shaped lesions, often mis- taken for fire scars, were evidence of the ability of E. gomphocephala and E. marginata individuals to resist tangential spread and prevent girdling of stems. In stems of E. calophylla, lesions did not have a definite V shape, decay penetrated deeper and the fungus persisted longer than in those of E. marginata. Host mortality following infection was greater in the intermediate- and low-rainfall zones of the eastern E. marginata forest than in the high-rainfall zone to the west.

The Effectiveness of Aerial Baiting for the Control of Dingoes in North-Western Australia

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The West ◽  
Fresh Meat ◽  
North Western

Radiotracking was used to evaluate the effectiveness of aerial baiting in controlling populations of wild dingoes, Canisfamiliaris dingo. Four baitings were carried out in the West Pilbara region of Western Australia, using fresh-meat baits or factory-produced baits, poisoned with compound 1080. In one trial fresh-meat baits killed all 18 radio-collared dingoes; in another, factory baits killed 63% of radio-collared dingoes; in a third, 62% were killed by factory and fresh-meat baits. The factors considered to be most important in influencing the results of these trials included the number and distribution of baits dropped, bait type, and the age and social status of dingoes. Aerial baiting was shown to be an efficient and cost-effective dingo control technique under the conditions existing during the study. The long-term effects on the dingo population are discussed.

Secular stagnation in the modern world

2018 ◽  
pp. 125-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Drobyshevsky ◽  
P. V. Trunin ◽  
A. V. Bozhechkova
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Japanese Economy ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Destruction Process ◽  
Secular Stagnation ◽  
The Impact

The paper studies the factors of secular stagnation. Key factors of long-term slowdown in economic growth include the slowdown of technological development, aging population, human capital accumulation limits, high public debt, creative destruction process violation etc. The authors analyze key theoretical aspects of long-term stagnation and study the impact of these factors on Japanies economy. The authors conclude that most of the factors have significant influence on the Japanese economy for recent decades, but they cannot explain all dynamics. For Russia, on the contrary, we do not see any grounds for considering the decline in the economy since 2013 as an episode of secular stagnation.

Mafias on the Move

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Varese
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
The North ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
At Will

Organized crime is spreading like a global virus as mobs take advantage of open borders to establish local franchises at will. That at least is the fear, inspired by stories of Russian mobsters in New York, Chinese triads in London, and Italian mafias throughout the West. As this book explains, the truth is more complicated. The author has spent years researching mafia groups in Italy, Russia, the United States, and China, and argues that mafiosi often find themselves abroad against their will, rather than through a strategic plan to colonize new territories. Once there, they do not always succeed in establishing themselves. The book spells out the conditions that lead to their long-term success, namely sudden market expansion that is neither exploited by local rivals nor blocked by authorities. Ultimately the inability of the state to govern economic transformations gives mafias their opportunity. In a series of matched comparisons, the book charts the attempts of the Calabrese 'Ndrangheta to move to the north of Italy, and shows how the Sicilian mafia expanded to early twentieth-century New York, but failed around the same time to find a niche in Argentina. The book explains why the Russian mafia failed to penetrate Rome but succeeded in Hungary. A pioneering chapter on China examines the challenges that triads from Taiwan and Hong Kong find in branching out to the mainland. This book is both a compelling read and a sober assessment of the risks posed by globalization and immigration for the spread of mafias.

Charlemagne’s Health in ‘Old Age’: Did It Affect Carolingian Military Strategy?

Mediaevistik ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-53
Author(s):  
Bernard S. Bachrach
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
The Political ◽  
Military Strategy ◽  
The West ◽  
Long Time

During the first thirty-three years of his reign as king of the Franks, i.e., prior to his coronation as emperor on Christmas day 800, Charlemagne, scholars generally agree, pursued a successful long-term offensive and expansionist strategy. This strategy was aimed at conquering large swaths of erstwhile imperial territory in the west and bringing under Carolingian rule a wide variety of peoples, who either themselves or their regional predecessors previously had not been subject to Frankish regnum.1 For a very long time, scholars took the position that Charlemagne continued to pursue this expansionist strategy throughout the imperial years, i.e., from his coronation on Christmas Day 800 until his final illness in later January 814. For example, Louis Halphen observed: “comme empereur, Charles poursuit, sans plus, l’oeuvre entamée avant l’an 800.”2 F. L. Ganshof, who also wrote several studies treating Charlemagne’s army, was in lock step with Halphen and observed: “As emperor, Charlemagne pursued the political and military course he had been following before 25 December 800.”3

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