Porosity and pore size distribution of shales: a case study of the Carynginia Formation, Perth Basin, Western Australia

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
M. Nadia Testamanti ◽  
Reza Rezaee ◽  
Jie Zou
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Pore Network ◽  
Pore Sizes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pore Characterisation ◽  
Shale Reservoirs ◽  
Mercury Injection Capillary Pressure

The evaluation of the gas storage potential of shale reservoirs requires a good understanding of their pore network. Each of the laboratory techniques used for pore characterisation can be applied to a specific range of pore sizes; but if the lithology of the rock is known, usually one suitable method can be selected to investigate its pore system. Shales do not fall under any particular lithological classification and can have a wide range of minerals present, so a combination of at least two methods is typically recommended for a better understanding of their pore network. In the laboratory, the Low-Pressure Nitrogen Gas Adsorption (LP-N2-GA) technique is typically used to examine micropores and mesopores, and Mercury Injection Capillary Pressure (MICP) tests can identify pore throats larger than 3 nm. In contrast, a wider range of pore sizes in rock can be screened with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), either in laboratory measurements made on cores or through well logging, provided that the pores are saturated with a fluid. The pore network of a set of shale core samples from the Carynginia Formation was investigated using a combination of laboratory methods. The cores were studied using the NMR, LP-N2-GA and MICP techniques, and the experimental porosity and pore size distribution results are presented. When NMR results were calibrated with MICP or LP-N2-GA measurements, then the pore size distribution of the shale samples studied could be estimated.

scholarly journals The use of gel chromatography for the determination of sizes and relative molecular masses of proteins. Interpretation of calibration curves in terms of gel-pore-size distribution

1987 ◽  
Vol 243 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
M le Maire ◽  
A Ghazi ◽  
J V Møller ◽  
L P Aggerbeck
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Linear Calibration ◽  
Pore Sizes ◽  
Calibration Curves ◽  
Wide Range

The separation of proteins by gel-exclusion chromatography has been explained in terms of partitioning of the macromolecules within the gel by a distribution of pores of various radii. The assumption that the distribution of pore sizes is Gaussian has led to the prediction of a linear relationship between the molecular Stokes radius (RS) of the protein and the function erf-1 (1-KD), where KD is the partition coefficient [Ackers (1967) J. Biol. Chem. 242, 3237-3238]. Since careful calibrations of classical (agarose and dextran) gels and h.p.l.c. gels have shown that such a linear relationship is not verified experimentally over a wide range of native protein sizes, we have reinvestigated the model of Ackers (above reference). We show that Ackers' (above reference) derivation is not valid except for a particular Gaussian distribution of pore sizes centred at the origin. Relaxation of this restriction to allow for other types of Gaussian distributions cannot account for the non-linear calibration curves that we have obtained. Instead we show that the pore-size distribution can be calculated from the experimentally determined function KD = f(RS) and that this distribution is bimodal (non-Gaussian). One distribution is centred below 2 nm, whereas the mean value of the second one is around 6-8 nm. The minimum in this bimodal distribution corresponds, for some gels, to a region of poor resolution, which needs to be appreciated for the proper use of gel chromatography in the determination of molecular size.

Determination of T2 cut-off for shale reservoirs: a case study from the Carynginia formation, Perth Basin, Western Australia

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 664 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nadia Testamanti ◽  
Reza Rezaee ◽  
Yujie Yuan ◽  
Dawei Pan
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Vacuum Oven ◽  
Low Field ◽  
Wide Range

Over recent decades, the low-field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) method has been consistently used in the petroleum industry for the petrophysical characterisation of conventional reservoirs. Through this non-invasive technique, the porosity, pore size distribution and fluid properties can be determined from the signal emitted by fluids present in the porous media. Transverse relaxation (T2) data, in particular, are one of the most valuable sources of information in an NMR measurement, as the resulting signal decay can be inverted to obtain the T2 distribution of the rock, which can in turn be correlated with porosity and pore size distribution. The complex pore network of shales, which can have a large portion of pore sizes in the nanopore and mesopore range, restricts the techniques that can be used to investigate their pore structure and porosity. The ability of the NMR technique to detect signals from a wide range of pores has therefore prompted the quest for more standardised interpretation methods suitable for shales. Using low-field NMR, T2 experiments were performed on shale samples from the Carynginia formation, Perth Basin, at different saturation levels. The shale samples were initially saturated with brine and the T2 spectrum for each sample was obtained. Then, they were placed in a vacuum oven and their weight monitored until a constant value was reached. T2 curves were subsequently obtained for each of the oven-dried samples and a cut-off value for clay-bound water was calculated.

scholarly journals Characterization of Shale Pore Structure by Multitechnique Combination and Multifractal Analysis and Its Significance

Geofluids ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Dengke Liu ◽  
Tao Tian ◽  
Ruixiang Liang ◽  
Fu Yang ◽  
Feng Ye
Keyword(s):  
Pore Structure ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Multifractal Analysis ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Pore Network ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Geochemical Parameters ◽  
Pore Size Distributions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Shale Reservoirs

Understanding pore structure would enable us to obtain a deeper insight into the fluid mechanism in porous media. In this research, multifractal analysis by various experiments is employed to analyze the pore structure and heterogeneity characterization in the source rock in Ordos Basin, China. For this purpose, imaging apparatus, intrusion tests, and nonintrusion methods have been used. The results show that the objective shale reservoir contains complex pore network, and minor pores dominant the pore system. Both intrusion and nonintrusion methods detected pore size distributions show multifractal nature, while the former one demonstrates more heterogeneous features. The pore size distributions acquired by low temperature adsorption and nuclear magnetic resonance have relatively good consistence, indicating that similar pore network detection method may share the same mechanism, and the full-ranged pore size distributions need to be acquired by multitechniques. Chlorite has an obvious impact on the heterogeneity of pore structure in narrow pore size range, while illite and I/S mixed layer influence that in wide range. Kerogen index is the fundamental indicators of geochemical parameters. With the decrease of averaged small and middle/large pore radius, the heterogeneity of pore structures increase in narrow and wide ranges, respectively. This work employed a comprehensive methodology based on multitechniques and helps to explore how pore networks affect reservoir quality in shale reservoirs.

Distribution of Pore Sizes in White Concrete

1994 ◽  
Vol 370 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Best ◽  
A. Cross ◽  
H. Peemoeller ◽  
M.M. Pintar
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Discrete Distribution ◽  
Nmr Analysis ◽  
Hydration Time ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Pore Sizes ◽  
White Cement ◽  
Proton Magnetization

AbstractNMR is used to study the evolution of the discrete distribution of proton magnetization fractions in hydrating synthetic white cement. The results at 100 hours hydration time are modelled using a trimodel pore size distribution. A good correspondence is found between the NMR analysis and SANS results reported in the literature.

scholarly journals Pore Network Analysis of Zone Model for Porous Media Drying

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuejin ◽  
Zhao Zhe ◽  
Nie Junnan ◽  
Xu Yingying
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Pore Network ◽  
Pore Network Model ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Isothermal Drying

In view of the fact that the zone model for porous media drying cannot disclose the mechanism of liquid phase distribution effectively, a pore network model for the slow isothermal drying process of porous media was developed by applying the theories of pore network drying and transport-process, which fused the physical parameters of porous media, such as porosity, pore mean diameter, and pore size distribution into the model parameters, and a sand bed drying experiment was conducted to verify the validity of this model. The experiment and simulation results indicate that the pore network model could explain the slow isothermal drying process of porous media well. The pore size distributions of porous media have a great effect on the liquid phase distribution of the drying process. The dual-zone model is suitable for the porous media whose pore size distribution obeys Gaussian distribution, while the three-zone model is suitable for the porous media whose pore size distribution obeys the lognormal distribution when the drying analysis of porous media is conducted.

On the characterization of pore size distribution of building materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
LF Dutra ◽  
N Mendes ◽  
PC Philippi
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Pore Size Distribution ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Mercury Porosimetry ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Wide Range

Moisture affects significantly the energy performance of air conditioning systems, the durability of materials, and the health of occupants. One way of reducing those effects, without increasing the energy costs, is by means of using porous material ability of absorbing and releasing moisture from/to the adjacent environment, which attenuates the indoor relative humidity variation. This natural ability is intrinsically related to the porous microstructure. Therefore, the characterization of the pore space is an important research theme in the building physics area. This article aims to present a method for obtaining the pore size distribution based on adsorption isotherms and mercury porosimetry data. First, the theoretical formulation based on the Gibbs free energy for a two-phase (liquid–vapor) system, using the De Boer and Zwikker model, is presented, allowing the calculation of the critical adsorbed thickness for pore filling, critical radius, adsorbed moisture content, capillary condensation content, available surface for adsorption, and the distribution of micropores for a wide range of radius. The adsorption isotherm curve is estimated for high relative humidity values through mercury porosimetry, along with the adsorption curve obtained from the experiment. The pore volume distribution calculated by this method can be used to estimate transport coefficients for liquid and vapor phases.

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