Preparation of high-accuracy reference gas samples for proficiency testing

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 609
Author(s):  
Damian Smeulders
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Proficiency Testing ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Iso 17025 ◽  
National Measurement Institute ◽  
Mandatory Requirement ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
National Measurement ◽  
Gas Coal

Participation in proficiency testing is a mandatory requirement for laboratories that are accredited to ISO 17025, as the process of proficiency testing allows quality issues and biases that would lead to wrong measurement results to be identified and corrected. Since 2005 the Australian Government National Measurement Institute has delivered proficiency testing for various forms of natural gas that are produced in Australia, including pipeline natural gas from central and Western Australia, raw natural gas, coal seam gas, coal mine gas, LNG, and feed gas for LNG plants. The gas samples for proficiency testing are manufactured and verified by the National Measurement Institute according to international standards to have the highest levels of accuracy plus international comparability. Participants in natural gas proficiency testing include specialty gas companies, refineries, pipeline operators, gas producers, LNG plants, and independent gas testing laboratories. Many companies have a long history of participation that demonstrates continual improvement in the accuracy of their measurement results. This extended abstract gives an insight into the present state of the measurements of composition and calorific value of natural gas, and whether the measurements meet the international benchmarks for accuracy for LNG export. In addition, the extended abstract details the manufacture of the gas samples, and how proficiency testing studies operate, as well as examples where companies have improved their measurement performance across time.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF CALORIMETRIC METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF NATURAL GAS CALORIFIC VALUE

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
Andrij Motalo ◽  
◽  
Vasil Motalo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Calorimetric Method ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Method Of Measurement ◽  
Extended Uncertainty ◽  
Gas Fields

The article considers the current methods of measuring the calorific value of natural gas which are valid in the upto-date gasometry. The procedure for measuring the gross and net volume-basis specific calorific value of natural gas by the calorimetric method is analyzed. It is shown that to increase the accuracy and validity of measurement results, the experiment to determine the values of gross and net volume-basis specific calorific should be performed for at least 5 samples of the investigated gas. A methodology for estimating the accuracy of measuring the gross and net volume-basis specific calorific values of natural gas by the calorimetric method by finding estimates of the uncertainty of the obtained measurement results taking into account both random and systematic influencing factors are developed. The uncertainty budgets for measuring the gross and net volumebasis-specific calorific values of natural gas have been developed for the practical implementation of the methodology. The results of experimental studies of samples of one of the natural gas fields are given and the objective values of the gross and net volumebasis specific calorific with estimates of extended uncertainty are obtained.

Evaluasi Prediksi Higher Heating Value (HHV) Biomassa Berdasarkan Analisis Proksimat

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Made Dirgantara ◽  
Karelius Karelius ◽  
Marselin Devi Ariyanti, Sry Ayu K. Tamba
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Bomb Calorimeter ◽  
Hhv Prediction

Abstrak – Biomassa merupakan salah satu energi terbarukan yang sangat mudah ditemui, ramah lingkungan dan cukup ekonomis. Keberadaan biomassa dapat dimaanfaatkan sebagai pengganti bahan bakar fosil, baik itu minyak bumi, gas alam maupun batu bara. Analisi diperlukan sebagai dasar biomassa sebagai energi seperti proksimat dan kalor. Analisis terpenting untuk menilai biomassa sebagai bahan bakar adalah nilai kalori atau higher heating value (HHV). HHV secara eksperimen diukur menggunakan bomb calorimeter, namun pengukuran ini kurang efektif, karena memerlukan waktu serta biaya yang tinggi. Penelitian mengenai prediksi HHV berdasarkan analisis proksimat telah dilakukan sehingga dapat mempermudah dan menghemat biaya yang diperlukan peneliti. Dalam makalah ini dibahas evaluasi persamaan untuk memprediksi HHV berdasarkan analisis proksimat pada biomassa berdasarkan data dari penelitian sebelumnya. Prediksi nilai HHV menggunakan lima persamaan yang dievaluasi dengan 25 data proksimat biomassa dari penelitian sebelumnya, kemudian dibandingkan berdasarkan nilai error untuk mendapatkan prediksi terbaik. Hasil analisis menunjukan, persamaan A terbaik di 7 biomassa, B di 6 biomassa, C di 6 biomassa, D di 5 biomassa dan E di 1 biomassa.Kata kunci: bahan bakar, biomassa, higher heating value, nilai error, proksimat  Abstract – Biomass is a renewable energy that is very easy to find, environmentally friendly, and quite economical. The existence of biomass can be used as a substitute for fossil fuels, both oil, natural gas, and coal. Analyzes are needed as a basis for biomass as energy such as proximate and heat. The most critical analysis to assess biomass as fuel is the calorific value or higher heating value (HHV). HHV is experimentally measured using a bomb calorimeter, but this measurement is less effective because it requires time and high costs. Research on the prediction of HHV based on proximate analysis has been carried out so that it can simplify and save costs needed by researchers. In this paper, the evaluation of equations is discussed to predict HHV based on proximate analysis on biomass-based on data from previous studies. HHV prediction values using five equations were evaluated with 25 proximate biomass data from previous studies, then compared based on error value to get the best predictions. The analysis shows that Equation A predicts best in 7 biomass, B in 6 biomass, C in 6 biomass, D in 5 biomass, and E in 1 biomass. Key words: fuel, biomass, higher heating value, error value, proximate 

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF METHODS AND MEASURES OF MEASUREMENT OF HEAT OF COMBUSTION OF NATURAL GAS IN UKRAINE AND ABROAD

2019 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
K. M. Shynkaruk
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Heat Of Combustion ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Direct And Indirect Methods ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

In connection with the increase in prices for natural gas, the urgent issue is to calculate not only the amount of gas consumed, but also its quality precisely with the consumer. The quality of gas is the compliance of its physicochemical parameters with established regulatory documents. With the current gas accounting and payment system in Ukraine, consumers using the same number of cubic meters receive different heat of combustion. The paper analyzes the regulatory framework for assessing the energy performance of natural gas. The necessity of the transition to accounting for natural gas in energy units is substantiated. Existing methods and means for determining the calorific value of natural gas that are used in Ukraine and abroad are considered. Currently, direct and indirect methods are used to determine the calorific value of natural value of natural gas. The most common is the calculation method based on chromatographic analysis, the implementation of which requires expensive equipment. Other methods for determining the calorific value of natural gas is correlation. The essence of which is to establish the relationship between a certain physicochemical property of natural gas and calorific value, which can be established by experimental observations and based on theoretical analysis, which makes it possible to draw a conclusion about the calorific value of natural gas. Based on the analysis, it was found that currently there are no simple in design and not expensive means of controlling the qualitative characteristics of natural gas commercially available. Therefore, it is relevant to solve the problem of operational control of the quality of natural gas, through scientific justification, development and improvement of tools that enable the indirect accounting of the energy value of natural gas in accordance with global trends in energy accounting. A correlation analysis was carried out to establish the relationship between the thermal conductivity and the calorific value of natural gas. The use of the thermocatalytic method for determining the calorific value of gas is proposed, which will allow designing a relatively cheap and easy-to-use device for monitoring the quality of natural gas specifically for the consumer.

scholarly journals The correlations of the particle size, calorific value, moisture- and ash content of waste derived fuel, and examination of its heavy metal content

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Csaba Leitol ◽  
Alexandra Győrfi ◽  
Tibor Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Particle Size Fractions ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Biological Waste Treatment

Significant development has taken place in the field of waste management recently in the preparation of the energetic exploitation of recyclable, non-hazardous municipal solid waste. With mechanical-biological waste treatment, 35-40% of the weight of this waste can be made appropriate for energetic exploitation, mainly for co-incineration in cement factories and power plants. The recoverability of waste derived fuel produced in mechanical-biological waste treatment plants highly depends on the burning and combustion technological properties of the mixture, and on its compounds influencing burning and different emissions. Waste recovery facilities do not take over fuel below a specific calorific value and over a given heavy metal, halogen and pollutant content. In our research we were looking for correlations in the particle size, calorific value, moisture-, ash- and heavy metal content of waste derived fuel. On the basis of the measurement results, the connection between the particle size fractions and the fuel properties can clearly be stated. The fractions of smaller particle size have higher moisture-, ash- and heavy metal content, while the fractions of bigger particle size have higher calorific value.

scholarly journals PENJABARAN STANDAR INTERNASIONAL TRIMS DAN OECD DALAM KETENTUAN HUKUM PENANAMAN MODAL INDONESIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Ketut Supasti Dharmawan ◽  
Putu Tuni Caka Bawa Landra ◽  
Putu Aras Samsithawrati
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
International Standards ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mandatory Requirement ◽  
Investment Law

As a member of the WTO-TRIMs Agreement basically Indonesia has stipulated the NationalTreatment Principle to the legal provisions relating to investment activities. However, theIndonesian investment Law (Law No. 25 of 2007) still remains that the regulation of NationalTreatment with regard to national interests. In order to the difficulties may exist in domesticlevel such as the social, economic as well as values may be different in some member countries,the WTO-TRIMs provide exceptions for the member with notify mandatory requirement tothe Board of TRIMs. Relating to investment activities other International standards alsorelevant to study is the GCG principles developed by the OECD. Although Indonesia is notOECD member countries, the GCG principles adopted in various Indonesian laws relatedto investment activities doe to it relevant and harmony to the economic, social as well ascommunity values in order to develop capital investment.

Research on Calculation Method of Alternative Fuel Quantity for Natural Gas Bus

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
Xiao Li ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Zhong Xiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Actual Situation ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Natural Gas Vehicle ◽  
Selection Of

There is no more in-depth research in the amount of alternative between natural gas and tradition fuel. The paper consider two factors about gas calorific value and vehicle level and put forward the fuel calorific value correction coefficient and vehicle energy efficiency correction coefficient. On this basis, the coefficient table and calculation method was established. The paper proved that because of the influence of the factors, equivalent ratio in the range of 1.13~1.67. The method can indicate the gas replacement more scientific and real, because of consider of the actual situation of application of the enterprise.The research can guide the selection of natural gas vehicle reasonable and scientific.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document