LNG pricing trends and key considerations

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Jacques van Rhyn ◽  
Janelle Sadri
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
Competitive Prices ◽  
Speculative Trading ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Selection Of

Historically, LNG has been sold through long-term contracts with limited flexibility in volume and price. LNG trade patterns have evolved significantly, adding to increased sales of multiple cargoes on the spot market, brokered trades and speculative trading positions being taken up by non-traditional players. Buyers in the Asia-Pacific region are keen to secure supply for local markets, while Australian producers, particularly subsidiaries of foreign headquartered groups, are under pressure to sell at competitive prices. From a transfer pricing perspective, the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) has placed increased scrutiny on the commerciality of arrangements, arm’s length outcomes and profit allocations between Australian taxpayers and their international related parties (e.g. marketing and trading hubs). This extended abstract covers: factors that could impact on the selection of a price index and the slope or gradient to be applied in pricing formulae; blended pricing based on an average of different indices, and why pooling and trading may make commercial sense, although revenue authorities may not look favourably upon it; the importance of the contractual terms, the market situation and the other commercial contract conditions on the pricing of related-party LNG sales; and, the value in potentially seeking an advanced pricing agreement in a related party LNG pricing context, given the significance of the transactions. Given the practical and commercial challenges facing the industry and with several projects commencing production in the relatively near future, this is very topical. The authors use case studies to illustrate the key concepts.

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2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 29-30
Keyword(s):  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Performance Gains ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings Hotels in the Asia-Pacific region have yet to fully utilize social media to promote their CSR initiatives. This means there is huge potential for improved stakeholder engagement, leading to short- and long-term performance gains. Originality The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

U.S. INDO-PACIFIC STRATEGY: THE NUCLEAR DIMENSION

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
GLEB TOROPCHIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Nuclear Forces ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Nuclear Policy ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Given ◽  
The U.S

The given article is dedicated to scrutinising the role of nuclear factor in the U.S. policy in the Asia Pacific region lately. The work is written based on the analysis of the official doctrinal documents defining U.S. foreign policy. The aim of the paper is defining the significance of the nuclear dimension in Washington’s Indo-Pacific strategy and trends in its evolution in late 2010s and early 2020s. The author dwells upon the features of conceptualising the term “Indo-Pacific” in the U.S. foreign policy strategy taking into account its transition from the expert discourse to the official one. Three layers of analysis are singled out: doctrinal, operational and institutional. Special attention is paid to the relations between the U.S. and its allies in the macroregion, including parties to the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (i.e. India, Japan and Australia), as well as other countries, such as South Korea. The influence of China’s growing power and its claims for regional and global leadership on the shift in Washington’s foreign policy is also unveiled. The author discovers a direct correlation between the role of the maritime constituent in the “Indo-Pacific security” and the intention of the U.S. to develop the sea and air components in its nuclear triad. Various directions of the U.S. advancing its nuclear forces in the Asia Pacific are shown, as well as the role of adjacent projects in the field of security (such as “Global ABM”). Apart from this, the article demonstrates the factors that might have an impact on the U.S. nuclear policy in the region during J. Biden’s presidency. An attempt is made to predict possible scenarios in the near future.

From Long-term Contract to Market: An RBC Perspective on International Negotiations of Iron Ore Prices in the Asia-Pacific Region, 2009–2010

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-371
Author(s):  
Yue Wang ◽  
Akira Tanaka ◽  
Xiaochun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
International Negotiations ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Term Contract

Abstract The collapse of a long-term contract-based (LTC) benchmark system and the rise of a market-based index system in international negotiations of iron ore prices in the Asia-Pacific region has attracted much media attention. However, a systematic analysis of why and how such a change occurred from a negotiation point of view is absent. Drawing upon a relationship-behavior-conditions (RBC) perspective from the international business (IB) negotiation literature, this article investigates how negotiations between parties unfolded during the 2009–2010 period. Specifically, the article contributes to a deeper understanding of the subject by evaluating the relationships between various negotiating parties, investigating some intriguing behaviors by negotiating parties, and identifying important conditions surrounding the negotiation process. The case of iron ore price negotiation also offers a vehicle to advance the RBC perspective in untangling complex IB negotiation problems and generate some broad implications for IB negotiation research and practices.

Can the Asia Pacific market accomodate Australia's LNG projects?

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 677
Author(s):  
John Harris
Keyword(s):  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Supply Contracts ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Competitive Position ◽  
Demand Growth ◽  
Project Costs ◽  
Over Time

The portfolio of proposed Australian LNG projects continues to grow. What is the demand outlook for Asia Pacific LNG—and can it absorb the potential volume from these projects? Who are the key importers and what are the demand uncertainties within the Asia Pacific region? Can Australian LNG penetrate markets further afield? What has driven the growth in Australian LNG projects and how many more might emerge? Where are the projects that will compete with Australian LNG? Is Australian LNG competitive relative to other supplies? Are project costs likely to increase further? How is the LNG supply-demand balance likely to develop in the Asia Pacific during the next decade? Is there a looming surplus of LNG and, if so, what would this mean for Australia? Does the outlook presage a buyers’ market or a sellers’ market? Will contract expiries from established LNG exporters increase supply availability in the Asia Pacific? What could this mean for oil indexation and long term LNG contracts? Could alternative pricing mechanisms evolve and will we see an increase in short and medium term supply contracts? This paper examines the outlook for the Asia Pacific LNG market—and the growing role Australian LNG is playing in meeting demand growth. It also reviews Australia’s competitive position and considers the way in which the structure of Asia Pacific LNG contracts may evolve over time.

Steps toward Peace in Civil Wars in the Asia-Pacific Region: A Disaggregate Approach to Civil War Settlements

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic S. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Large N ◽  
Conflict Termination ◽  
Multi Phase

AbstractRegardless of the types of civil conflict settlements, all parties generally enter into some sorts of tacit or direct bargaining in the course of civil conflict, namely, in steps toward peace. In contrast to a basically static framework employed in much of existing literature on civil war settlements and mediation, this article proposes a disaggregate approach to dynamic and multi-phase processes in civil conflict termination via negotiations. We illustrate a conceptual and theoretical framework to examine four steps in civil conflict settlements in a large-N research program. In so doing, we present an initial effort to construct a dyadic dataset isolating processes that allow civil conflict settlements to progress or regress between low and higher levels of agreement in the Asia-Pacific region from 1990 to 2005. We discuss a set of preliminary simple statistical results for the four distinct settlement phases in the context of conflict and rebel characteristics. Among the findings of note, third parties provide important assistance in nurturing successful negotiations especially in the context of waning insurgent strength. Peace proposals originate most frequently from governments, and seem to hinge especially on opponents’ battlefield advantages. Evidence of mutually hurting stalemates is also found. In the article’s conclusion we elaborate a long-term research agenda.

Selection of External Coatings for Northern Pipelines: Laboratory Methodologies for Evaluation and Qualification of Coatings

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sankara Papavinasam ◽  
R. Winston Revie ◽  
Michael Attard
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Selection Of

In the near future, the construction of northern pipelines for transmission of natural gas will begin in North America. Construction in the harsh northern climate, with temperatures as low as −45°C, and remote location will impose unique challenges with respect to protective coatings. It is critical that the design of coatings be adequate to protect the pipelines under long-term, severe environmental conditions, including the extreme climatic conditions that will apply in the North before the pipe is installed and operation begins. There are many quality coatings from which to choose for application on new pipelines. The main issue is in understanding how to select and use coatings on pipelines in new regimes (e.g. Northern pipelines), which may operate in a different environment than do existing pipelines. Uniform, standardized tests that would simulate the conditions during construction and operation of Northern pipelines will allow external pipeline coatings to be selected with confidence regarding anticipated long-term performance under operational conditions. Selection of mainline coatings is important, but there is also a need to focus on field-applied coatings for both repairs and joints. Methodologies and standards that are available to evaluate coatings are reviewed in this paper.

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