Gas price reviews in long-term contracts—past, present, and future

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 493
Author(s):  
Craig Langford
Keyword(s):  
Market Price ◽  
Future Price ◽  
The Past ◽  
Price Review ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
Current Price ◽  
Legal Concepts ◽  
Commercial Landscape ◽  
Gas Price

Price reviews in long-term gas contracts have been part of the commercial landscape in the Australian gas market. Any industry senior executive who has been heavily involved in a gas price review, in particular a review involving a gas arbitration, usually asks themselves at the end of the process if a better way exists. How can gas price reviews be improved is the basis of this extended abstract. Analysis of the past, present and future gas price reviews assists this objective. The past considers the historical nature and the commercial philosophy of price reviews addresses questions such as: Why do we need them? What price is a price review trying to establish? What is a market price in the Australian gas market context? Do price reviews determine present or future prices ? The present considers current price reviews, covering topics such as what’s good and bad practice in today’s price reviews, including the arbitration process. The future looks issues such as the role and importance of price reviews in the next 10 years, what’s needed to make gas price reviews obsolete, how do price reviews work in a transitional market with both Australian and US oil-linked-contract prices under review and better commercial and legal concepts for future price reviews.

The dawn of LNG price reviews in Asia Pacific

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 588
Author(s):  
Edward van Geuns
Keyword(s):  
Oil Prices ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Price Review ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
Gas Price

LNG is often sold under long-term contracts with strong volume commitments from both sides, and a cost linked to the oil price. In volatile commodity markets, parties are under pressure to try to review the price under the agreement, either on the basis of price review clauses, hardship clauses, or by relying on general legal principles. This leads to great commercial and legal challenges for both buyers and sellers. The experience in Europe with gas price reviews can be a source of knowledge for companies on how to deal with price reviews. Long-term gas contracts in Europe also used to be linked to oil prices. This led to a great number of price reviews when oil prices started to soar as of 2005. After that, a new wave of price reviews arose when gas prices decoupled from oil prices in 2009. European gas companies are still dealing with the resolution of those reviews. On the basis of a number of case studies, this extended abstract sets out the key points that have been learned from a decade of price reviews in Europe with a focuses on practical advice for commercial and legal decision makers. It discusses how negotiations on price reviews are best approached; whether parties should voluntarily disclose confidential information about prices (also in view of competition law), and how arbitrators deal with a gas price review.

Price review mechanisms in a global market

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
David Thomas ◽  
Chris Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Review Process ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Commercial Arbitration ◽  
Price Review ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
Gas Fields ◽  
Substantial Change ◽  
Gas Supply

The east Australian gas market (including SA) has, throughout its history, been isolated with limited connectivity from the gas fields that supply its major centres. With the arrival of CSG, imminent LNG exports and recent increased connectivity between gas fields and customers, the east Australian gas market has undergone substantial change. Against this background, it is timely to reconsider the approach to price review mechanisms contained in long-term gas supply agreements—particularly what market will be considered in any review process and what evidence will be available to the parties to a price review (in a cost-effective way) to allow consideration of movements in that market for the purposes of re-setting the price to be paid by a customer. In this extended abstract, the author discuss the effects of CSG developments and increased connectivity on the eastern gas market along with the effect LNG can have, particularly by reference to its impact on the WA gas market. A critical analysis of various price review mechanisms is undertaken with a view to identifying appropriate price review processes and criteria for the future along with reviewing the fundamentals of a price review process—specifically, the need for any price review and associated arbitration to give rise to a justiciable dispute such that the process attracts the operation of the relevant Commercial Arbitration Act and overriding Court supervision for the purposes of any necessary subpoenas or reviews of decisions.

Enabling Community Well-being Self-Monitoring in the Context of Mining: The Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Klinck ◽  
Ben Bradshaw ◽  
Ruby Sandy ◽  
Silas Nabinacaboo ◽  
Mannie Mameanskum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Aboriginal Community ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Community Engaged Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mineral Development ◽  
Iron Deposits ◽  
Term Monitoring

The Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach is an Aboriginal community located in northern Quebec near the Labrador Border. Given the region’s rich iron deposits, the Naskapi Nation has considerable experience with major mineral development, first in the 1950s to the 1980s, and again in the past decade as companies implement plans for further extraction. This has raised concerns regarding a range of environmental and socio-economic impacts that may be caused by renewed development. These concerns have led to an interest among the Naskapi to develop a means to track community well-being over time using indicators of their own design. Exemplifying community-engaged research, this paper describes the beginning development of such a tool in fall 2012—the creation of a baseline of community well-being against which mining-induced change can be identified. Its development owes much to the remarkable and sustained contribution of many key members of the Naskapi Nation. If on-going surveying is completed based on the chosen indicators, the Nation will be better positioned to recognize shifts in its well-being and to communicate these shifts to its partners. In addition, long-term monitoring will allow the Naskapi Nation to contribute to more universal understanding of the impacts of mining for Indigenous peoples.

Courting the Youth Vote in 2008: The Obama Effect

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey C Bohl
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Voter Registration ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Past ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
High Turnout ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Youth Vote

This paper examines a few of the numerous factors that may have led to increased youth turnout in 2008 Election. First, theories of voter behavior and turnout are related to courting the youth vote. Several variables that are perceived to affect youth turnout such as party polarization, perceived candidate difference, voter registration, effective campaigning and mobilization, and use of the Internet, are examined. Over the past 40 years, presidential elections have failed to engage the majority of young citizens (ages 18-29) to the point that they became inclined to participate. This trend began to reverse starting in 2000 Election and the youth turnout reached its peak in 2008. While both short and long-term factors played a significant role in recent elections, high turnout among youth voters in 2008 can be largely attributed to the Obama candidacy and campaign, which mobilized young citizens in unprecedented ways.

Impact of FII’s and FDI’s on Indian Stock Market

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Kamlesh Kumar Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Earnings Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bull Market ◽  
Indian Stock Market

FIIs are companies registered outside India. In the past four years there has been more than $41 trillion worth of FII funds invested in India. This has been one of the major reasons on the bull market witnessing unprecedented growth with the BSE Sensex rising 221% in absolute terms in this span. The present downfall of the market too is influenced as these FIIs are taking out some of their invested money. Though there is a lot of value in this market and fundamentally there is a lot of upside in it. For long-term value investors, there’s little because for worry but short term traders are adversely getting affected by the role of FIIs are playing at the present. Investors should not panic and should remain invested in sectors where underlying earnings growth has little to do with financial markets or global economy.

Chinese Medicine Protein and Peptide in Gene and Cell Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinlu Feng ◽  
Zifei Yin ◽  
Daniel Zhang ◽  
Arun Srivastava ◽  
Chen Ling
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Gene And Cell Therapy ◽  
Proteins And Peptides

The success of gene and cell therapy in clinic during the past two decades as well as our expanding ability to manipulate these biomaterials are leading to new therapeutic options for a wide range of inherited and acquired diseases. Combining conventional therapies with this emerging field is a promising strategy to treat those previously-thought untreatable diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has evolved for thousands of years in China and still plays an important role in human health. As part of the active ingredients of TCM, proteins and peptides have attracted long-term enthusiasm of researchers. More recently, they have been utilized in gene and cell therapy, resulting in promising novel strategies to treat both cancer and non-cancer diseases. This manuscript presents a critical review on this field, accompanied with perspectives on the challenges and new directions for future research in this emerging frontier.

Prediction of Future Market Price for Agricultural Commodities

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagar Pathane ◽  
Uttam Patil ◽  
Nandini Sidnal
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Application ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Future Price ◽  
Future Market ◽  
Graphical Interface ◽  
Agricultural Commodities ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Agriculture Products

The agricultural commodity prices have a volatile nature which may increase or decrease inconsistently causing an adverse effect on the economy. The work carried out here for predicting prices of agricultural commodities is useful for the farmers because of which they can sow appropriate crop depending on its future price. Agriculture products have seasonal rates, these rates are spread over the entire year. If these rates are known/alerted to the farmers in advance, then it will be promising on ROI (Return on Investments). It requires that the rates of the agricultural products updated into the dataset of each state and each crop, in this application five crops are considered. The predictions are done based on neural networks Neuroph framework in java platform and also the previous years data. The results are produced on mobile application using android. Web based interface is also provided for displaying processed commodity rates in graphical interface. Agricultural experts can follow these graphs and predict market rates which can be informed to the farmers. The results will be provided based on the location of the users of this application.

Organizational Reforms as Routines

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Brunsson
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Limited Experience

This chapter argues that organizational reforms are driven by problems to be addressed, by solutions to be applied, and by forgetfulness. The greater the supply of any of these factors, the more likely it is that reforms will occur. Without problems, reforms are difficult to justify; without solutions they cannot be formulated; and without forgetfulness there is a risk that people will be discouraged by the fact that similar reforms have been tried and have failed in the past. In contemporary large organizations, problems tend to be easily found. Those interested in selling solutions often try to supply problems as well — problems that can be solved by their solutions. Forgetfulness can be promoted by the use of consultants with limited experience of the implementation and long-term effects of reforms. Reforms are also self-referential; they tend to cause new reforms. Thus, reforms can be considered as routines: they are likely to be repeated over and over again.

Concussion, neuroethics, and sport: Policies of the past do not suffice for the future

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Partridge ◽  
Wayne Hall
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Concussion Management ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Management Policies

Concussion management policies have become a major priority worldwide for sports that involve frequent collisions between participants because repeated head trauma has been associated with long-term cognitive impairments, mental health problems, and some forms of neurological degeneration. A number of concussion management policies have been developed by professional bodies and subsequently adopted by various sporting leagues. These have offered little guidance on how to navigate ethical issues in identifying and managing concussion. This chapter discusses ethical issues that arise in the diagnosis of concussion, debates about the longer-term consequences of repeated concussion injuries, and the design and implementation of policies that aim to prevent and manage concussion injuries in sporting matches.

Increase associated risk of gynaecological cancer due to long-term exposure to high concentration of atmospheric SO2 industrial pollutant

2021 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2110036
Author(s):  
Qian Xu ◽  
Chan Lu ◽  
Rachael Gakii Murithi ◽  
Lanqin Cao
Keyword(s):  
Time Windows ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Gynaecological Cancer ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
The Past ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring Stations ◽  
Control Study

A cohort case–control study was conducted in XiangYa Hospital, Changsha, China, which involved 305 patients and 399 healthy women, from June 2010 to December 2018, to evaluate the association between Chinese women’s short- and long-term exposure to industrial air pollutant, SO2 and gynaecological cancer (GC). We obtained personal and family information from the XiangYa Hospital electronic computer medical records. Using data obtained from the air quality monitoring stations in Changsha, we estimated each woman’s exposure to the industrial air pollutant, sulphur dioxide (SO2), for different time windows, including the past 1, 5, 10 and 15 years before diagnosis of the disease. A multiple logistic regression model was used to assess the association between GC and SO2 exposure. GC was significantly associated with long-term SO2 exposure, with adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.56 (1.10–2.21) and 1.81 (1.07–3.06) for a per interquartile range increase in the past 10 and 15 years, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that different groups reacted in different ways to long-term SO2 exposure. We concluded that long-term exposure to high concentration of industrial pollutant, SO2 is associated with the development of GC. This finding has implications for the prevention and reduction of GC.

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