AUSTRALIA’S FIRST GEOSEQUESTRATION DEMONSTRATION PROJECT—THE CO2CRC OTWAY BASIN PILOT PROJECT

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sharma ◽  
P. Cook ◽  
T. Berly ◽  
C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Demonstration Project ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
Cooperative Research

Geological sequestration is a promising technology for reducing atmospheric emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) with the potential to geologically store a significant proportion Australia of Australia’s stationary CO2 emissions. Stationary emissions comprise almost 50% (or about 280 million tonnes of CO2 per annum) of Australia’s total greenhouse gas emissions. Australia has abundant coal and gas resources and extensive geological storage opportunities; it is therefore well positioned to include geosequestration as an important part of its portfolio of greenhouse gas emission mitigation technologies.The Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies is undertaking a geosequestration demonstration project in the Otway Basin of southwest Victoria, with injection of CO2 planned to commence around mid 2007. The project will extract natural gas containing a high percentage of CO2 from an existing gas well and inject it into a nearby depleted natural gas field for long-term storage. The suitability of the storage site has been assessed through a comprehensive risk assessment process. About 100,000 tonnes of CO2 is expected to be injected through a new injection well during a one- to two-year period. The injection of CO2 will be accompanied by a comprehensive monitoring and verification program to understand the behaviour of the CO2 in the subsurface and determine if the injected carbon dioxide has migrated out of the storage reservoir into overlying formations. This project will be the first storage project in Australia and the first in the world to test monitoring for storage in a depleted gas reservoir. Baseline data pertinent to geosequestration is already being acquired through the project and the research will enable a better understanding of long-term reactive transport and trapping mechanisms.This project is being authorised under the Petroleum Act 1998 (Victoria) and research, development and demonstration provisions administered by the Environment Protection Authority (EPA) Victoria in the absence of geosequestration- specific legislation. This highlights the need for such legislation to enable commercial-scale projects to proceed. Community acceptance is a key objective for the project and a consultation plan based on social research has been put in place to gauge public understanding and build support for the technology as a viable mitigation mechanism.

A CASE STUDY OF A CARBON DIOXIDE WELL TEST

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
J.Q. Xu ◽  
G. Weir ◽  
L. Paterson ◽  
I. Black ◽  
S. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Well Test ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Gas Well

This paper reports on the planning, procedure, results and analysis of a carbon dioxide (CO2) well test performed on Buttress–1, a well located in the Otway Basin, Victoria, Australia. A large-scale pilot study of CO2 sequestration is planned by the Australian Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC) in this area, which will involve, inter alia, taking CO2 from the Buttress reservoir and injecting it into a nearby depleted gas field. Understanding the production characteristics of this well is important to the success of this pilot, which forms part of a more extensive study to establish viable means to mitigate CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. This general backdrop forms the motivation for this study.Testing comprised of a standard suite of draw-downs and build-ups to determine reservoir/well characteristics, such as the well deliverability, the non-Darcy skin coefficient and the average reservoir permeability and volume.Compared to the wealth of experience developed over many years in testing oil and gas wells, the collective experience in CO2 well testing is extremely limited. The distinguishing features between this test and those of a typical natural gas well test need to be emphasised. Although, in general, flow testing a CO2 well should be similar to testing a natural gas well, differences in the thermodynamic properties of CO2 affect the analysis of the well test considerably. In particular, the non-Darcy skin effect is more pronounced and the wellbore and surface flow can involve dramatic phase changes, such as the formation of ice. Also, since CO2 is more compressible than a typical natural gas, the accurate measurement of the flow rate becomes more challenging. It is also apparent that the use of pseudo pressure, as opposed to simpler methods of dealing with the pressure dependency of key properties, is essential to the successful analysis of the pressure response to the CO2 production.

The case for long-term studies of greenhouse gas emissions

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIM NEWCOMB
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Long Term Studies

Many nations have recognized the need to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The scientific assessments of climate change of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) support the need to reduce GHG emissions. The 1997 Kyoto Protocol to the 1992 Convention on Climate Change (UNTS 30822) has now been signed by more than 65 countries, although that Protocol has not yet entered into force. Some 14 of the industrialized countries listed in the Protocol face reductions in carbon dioxide emissions of more than 10% compared to projected 1997 carbon dioxide emissions (Najam & Page 1998).

scholarly journals Heating with Steam Methane Reformed Hydrogen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Barrett ◽  
Tiziano Gallo Cassarino
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Steam Methane ◽  
Gas Supply

Abstract Hydrogen produced from natural gas with steam methane reforming coupled with carbon capture and sequestration (SMRCCS) is proposed as fuel for consumer heating and cooking systems. This paper presents estimates of the energy losses and methane and carbon dioxide emission and global warming across the whole gas to hydrogen heat supply chain – from production to consumer. Processed natural gas is typically about 95% methane which is a potent greenhouse gas with a global warming potential (GWP) such that, with 20 year and 100 year GWP horizons, about 4% and 8% leakage respectively will cause as much global warming as the carbon dioxide formed when burning the methane. Data on gas emissions and SMRCCS costs and performance are sparse and wide ranging and this presents a major problem in accurately appraising the possible role of hydrogen from methane. The survey indicates emissions between 50 and 200 gCO2eq per unit of heat (kWhth) for SMRCCS H2 heat depending on leakage and GWP time horizon assumed. The second part of the paper reviews gas supply pricing and security and presents a cost minimised configuration of a SMRCCS hydrogen heating system derived with a simple model. Uncertainty in SMRCCS greenhouse gas emissions coupled with a net zero emission target and the long term issue of the physical and economic security of natural gas supply, bear on the potential advantages of SMRCCS as compared to other options, such as heating with renewable electricity driving consumer or district heating heat pumps.

GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION FROM COMBUSTION OF ASSOCIATED PETROLEUM GAS IN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
N. V. Popov ◽  
◽  
I. L. Govor ◽  
M. L. Gitarskii ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Associated Petroleum Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The average weighted long-term component composition of associated petroleum gas burned at the fields in Russia is obtained, where the volume fractions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) make up 0.8 and 66.4%, respectively. Based on it, the national emission factors of greenhouse gases from the flaring of associated petroleum gas are developed: the values are equal to 2.76 103 t CO2 and 0.0155 103 t CH4 per 1 106 m3 of the gas burnt. The calculations based on the emission factors led to the 37% increase in total equivalent emission of CO2 and CH4 as compared to the calculations based on the IPCC emission factors. The use of the national emission factors increases the reliability of the estimates of greenhouse gas emissions and the evaluation of their impact on climate.

Reservoir Characterization for Uncertainty Analysis and Its Impact on CO2 Injection and Sequestration in a Depleted Offshore Carbonate Gas Field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debasis P. Das ◽  
Parimal A. Patil ◽  
Pankaj K. Tiwari ◽  
Renato J Leite ◽  
Raj Deo Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
Reservoir Pressure ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Well Integrity ◽  
Seismic Anomalies

Abstract The emerging global climate change policies have necessitated the strategic need for prudent management of produced contaminants and, with cold flaring being no more the best option, Carbon Capture Utilization & Storage (CCUS) technology provides opportunity for development of high CO2 contaminant fields. A typical CO2 sequestration project comprises capturing CO2 by separating from produced hydrocarbons followed by injection of CO2 into deep geological formations for long term storage. While injection ofCO2 may continue over tens of years, the long-term containment needs to be ascertained for thousands of years. Several geological and geophysical factors along with the existingwells need to be evaluated to assess the potential risks for CO2 leakage that maychallenge the long-term containment. This study considers a depleted carbonate field located offshore Sarawak as a possible long-term CO2 storage site. Elements that may lead to possible leakage of CO2over time are the existing faults or fractures, development of new fractures/faults during injection, caprock failure due to pressures exceeding fracture pressure during/after injection and possible leakage through existing wells. The risk assessment process includes identification and mapping of faults and fracture networks, mapping of seals, evaluation of seismic anomalies and gas while drilling records, pore-pressure analysis, laboratory experiments for analyzing changes in geomechanical & geochemical rock properties and well integrity of existing wells. All these parameters are cross correlated, and qualitative risk categorization is carried out to determine the robustness of the reservoir for long term CO2 storage. The evaluation of available data indicates less frequent faulting occur only towards the flank with no seismic anomalies associated with them. Some seismic anomalies are observed at shallower levels, however their impact on the reservoir and overburden integrity is assessed to be minimum. There are four shale dominated formations mapped in the overburden section, which will act as potential seals. Estimated fracture pressures for the potential seals ranges between 6200-9280 psia for the deepest seal to 2910-4290 psia for the shallowest. Therefore,it is interpreted that if the post injection reservoir pressure is kept below the initial reservoir pressure of 4480 psia, it would not hold any threat to the caprock integrity.Leakage rate riskalong the existing wells was determined based on well log data. Well integrity check of legacywells helped identify two abandoned wells for rigorous remediation to restore their integrity. The subsurface risk analysis is critical to ascertain the long-term containment of injectedCO2. The integrated subsurface characterization and well integrity analysis approach adopted in this work can be applied to any other field/reservoir to validate its robustness for long-term CO2 injection and storage.

scholarly journals Path to net zero is critical to climate outcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianyi Sun ◽  
Ilissa B. Ocko ◽  
Elizabeth Sturcken ◽  
Steven P. Hamburg
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Standard Format ◽  
Early Action ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
Nationally Determined Contributions ◽  
Gas Targets

AbstractNet zero greenhouse gas targets have become a central element for climate action. However, most company and government pledges focus on the year that net zero is reached, with limited awareness of how critical the emissions pathway is in determining the climate outcome in both the near- and long-term. Here we show that different pathways of carbon dioxide and methane—the most prominent long-lived and short-lived greenhouse gases, respectively—can lead to nearly 0.4 °C of warming difference in midcentury and potential overshoot of the 2 °C target, even if they technically reach global net zero greenhouse gas emissions in 2050. While all paths achieve the Paris Agreement temperature goals in the long-term, there is still a 0.2 °C difference by end-of-century. We find that early action to reduce both emissions of carbon dioxide and methane simultaneously leads to the best climate outcomes over all timescales. We therefore recommend that companies and countries supplement net zero targets with a two-basket set of interim milestones to ensure that early action is taken for both carbon dioxide and methane. A one-basket approach, such as the standard format for Nationally Determined Contributions, is not sufficient because it can lead to a delay in methane mitigation.

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