A CASE STUDY OF A CARBON DIOXIDE WELL TEST

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
J.Q. Xu ◽  
G. Weir ◽  
L. Paterson ◽  
I. Black ◽  
S. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Well Test ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Gas Well

This paper reports on the planning, procedure, results and analysis of a carbon dioxide (CO2) well test performed on Buttress–1, a well located in the Otway Basin, Victoria, Australia. A large-scale pilot study of CO2 sequestration is planned by the Australian Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC) in this area, which will involve, inter alia, taking CO2 from the Buttress reservoir and injecting it into a nearby depleted gas field. Understanding the production characteristics of this well is important to the success of this pilot, which forms part of a more extensive study to establish viable means to mitigate CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. This general backdrop forms the motivation for this study.Testing comprised of a standard suite of draw-downs and build-ups to determine reservoir/well characteristics, such as the well deliverability, the non-Darcy skin coefficient and the average reservoir permeability and volume.Compared to the wealth of experience developed over many years in testing oil and gas wells, the collective experience in CO2 well testing is extremely limited. The distinguishing features between this test and those of a typical natural gas well test need to be emphasised. Although, in general, flow testing a CO2 well should be similar to testing a natural gas well, differences in the thermodynamic properties of CO2 affect the analysis of the well test considerably. In particular, the non-Darcy skin effect is more pronounced and the wellbore and surface flow can involve dramatic phase changes, such as the formation of ice. Also, since CO2 is more compressible than a typical natural gas, the accurate measurement of the flow rate becomes more challenging. It is also apparent that the use of pseudo pressure, as opposed to simpler methods of dealing with the pressure dependency of key properties, is essential to the successful analysis of the pressure response to the CO2 production.

AUSTRALIA’S FIRST GEOSEQUESTRATION DEMONSTRATION PROJECT—THE CO2CRC OTWAY BASIN PILOT PROJECT

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sharma ◽  
P. Cook ◽  
T. Berly ◽  
C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Demonstration Project ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
Cooperative Research

Geological sequestration is a promising technology for reducing atmospheric emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) with the potential to geologically store a significant proportion Australia of Australia’s stationary CO2 emissions. Stationary emissions comprise almost 50% (or about 280 million tonnes of CO2 per annum) of Australia’s total greenhouse gas emissions. Australia has abundant coal and gas resources and extensive geological storage opportunities; it is therefore well positioned to include geosequestration as an important part of its portfolio of greenhouse gas emission mitigation technologies.The Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies is undertaking a geosequestration demonstration project in the Otway Basin of southwest Victoria, with injection of CO2 planned to commence around mid 2007. The project will extract natural gas containing a high percentage of CO2 from an existing gas well and inject it into a nearby depleted natural gas field for long-term storage. The suitability of the storage site has been assessed through a comprehensive risk assessment process. About 100,000 tonnes of CO2 is expected to be injected through a new injection well during a one- to two-year period. The injection of CO2 will be accompanied by a comprehensive monitoring and verification program to understand the behaviour of the CO2 in the subsurface and determine if the injected carbon dioxide has migrated out of the storage reservoir into overlying formations. This project will be the first storage project in Australia and the first in the world to test monitoring for storage in a depleted gas reservoir. Baseline data pertinent to geosequestration is already being acquired through the project and the research will enable a better understanding of long-term reactive transport and trapping mechanisms.This project is being authorised under the Petroleum Act 1998 (Victoria) and research, development and demonstration provisions administered by the Environment Protection Authority (EPA) Victoria in the absence of geosequestration- specific legislation. This highlights the need for such legislation to enable commercial-scale projects to proceed. Community acceptance is a key objective for the project and a consultation plan based on social research has been put in place to gauge public understanding and build support for the technology as a viable mitigation mechanism.

Red Dirt Thinking on Power, Pedagogy and Paradigms: Reframing the Dialogue in Remote Education

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Osborne ◽  
John Guenther
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Strong Sense ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Remote Education ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Indigenous Educators ◽  
Red Dirt

Recent debates in Australia, largely led by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island academics over the past 5 or so years, have focused on the need for non-Indigenous educators to understand how their practices not only demonstrate lack of understanding of Indigenous ways of knowing, being and doing, but even deny their presence. This debate has serious implications for the non-Indigenous remote educator who wishes to support remote students to achieve ‘success’ through their education. The debates on the one hand advocate the decolonising of knowledge, pedagogy and research methods in order to promote more just or equal approaches to research and education, while other voices continue to advocate the pursuit of mainstream dominant Western ‘outcomes’ as the preferred goal for Indigenous students across Australia. This dilemma frames the context for this study. The Remote Education Systems Project, in the Cooperative Research Centre for Remote Economic Participation, seeks to explore these and other questions as part of the broader research agenda being undertaken. This project is particularly focused on large-scale questions such as: ‘What is a remote education for and what would ‘success’ look like in the remote education context?’ We are approaching these research questions from community standpoints and perspectives as a critical starting point for these types of debates and discussions. In doing so, our findings indicate that remote Aboriginal community members have a strong sense of western education and its power to equip young people with critical skills, knowledge and understandings for the future, but also a strong sense of retaining of their ‘own’ knowledge, skills and understanding. This presents a complex challenge for educators who are new to this knowledge interface. Here, we offer the concept of ‘Red Dirt Thinking’ as a new way to position ourselves and engage in situated dialogue about what remote schooling might be if it took into account power issues around Indigenous knowledges in the current policy context. This article questions whether remote communities, schools and systems have, in fact, taken account of the knowledge/power debates that have taken place at an academic level and considers how remote education might consider the implications of stepping outside the ‘Western–Indigenous binary’. It seeks to propose new paradigms that non-Indigenous educators may need to engage in order to de-limit the repositioning of power-laden knowledge and pedagogies offered in remote classrooms.

Design and role of an information nucleus in sheep breeding programs

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 998 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. J. van der Werf ◽  
B. P. Kinghorn ◽  
R. G. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sheep Breeding ◽  
Genome Association ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Australian Sheep ◽  
Whole Genome Association ◽  
Design Factors

The Australian sheep Cooperative Research Centre has initiated an information nucleus with the aim to estimate genetic parameters for new traits, to undertake a large-scale whole-genome association study and to enhance the breeding values of breeding animals in commercial studs. This paper presents the rationale behind the current design factors to meet the main objectives. It then discusses the potential design of an information nucleus if it were a sustainable part of commercial sheep-breeding programs in the long term. Advantages of such an information nucleus are summarised and quantified where possible.

scholarly journals Cost Analysis of Nuclear Hydrogen Production Using IAEA-HEEP 4 Software

2021 ◽  
Vol 2048 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
E Dewita ◽  
R Prassanti ◽  
K S Widana ◽  
Y S B Susilo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Nuclear Heat ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Hydrogen is a commercially important element. Basically, there are several methods of hydrogen production that have been commercially used, such as Steam Methane Reforming (SMR), High Temperature Steam Electrolysis (HTSE), and thermochemical cycles, like Sulphur-Iodine (SI). Among these methods, SMR is the most widely used for large-scale hydrogen production, with conversion efficiency between 74–85% and it has commercially used in some fertilizer industries in Indonesia. Steam reforming is a method to convert alkane (natural gas) compounds to hydrogen and carbon dioxide (synthetic gas) by adding moisture at high pressure and temperature (35-40 bar; 800-900°C). These hydrogen production technologies can be coupled with different nuclear reactors based on the heat required in the process. The High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR) using helium as a coolant, has a high outlet temperature (900°C), so it can potentially be used to supply for process heat for hydrogen production, coal liquefaction/gasification or for other industrial processes requiring high temperature heat. Hydrogen production cost from SMR method is influenced by a range of technical and economic factors. The fuel component of natural gas needed in the SMR method can be replaced by nuclear heat from a nuclear power plant (NPP) operating in cogeneration mode (i.e. simultaneous producing electric power and heat), hence contributing to the reduction of carbon dioxide in the process. In the SMR method, fuel costs are the largest cost component, accounting for between 45% and 75% of production costs. Therefore, there is opportune to assess the economics of hydrogen production by using nuclear heat. The economic evaluation is done by using IAEA HEEP-4 Software. The results comprise cost break up for 2 cases, coupling SMR process for hydrogen production with: (1) 2 HTGRs of 170 MWth/unit; and (2) 1 HTGR of 600 MWth/unit. The cost of hydrogen production is highly depend on the scale of the NPP as energy source and results indicated that hydrogen production cost of the 1 HTGR Unit600 MWth (Case 2) has a lower value (1.72 US$/kgH2), than the cost obtained when 2 HTGR units of 170 MWth each (case 1) are considered (2.72 US$/kgH2). For comparison, the hydrogen production cost by using SMR with carbon capture and storage (CCS) with natural gas as fuel is 2.27 US$/kgH2.

scholarly journals CRC breeding program design, measurements and database: methods that underpin CRC research results

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 943 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Upton ◽  
H. M. Burrow ◽  
A. Dundon ◽  
D. L. Robinson ◽  
E. B. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Beef Quality ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Beef Processing ◽  
Design Generation

The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for the Cattle and Beef Industry (Meat Quality) developed an integrated research program to address the major production and processing factors affecting beef quality. Underpinning the integrated program were 2 large-scale progeny testing programs that were used to develop genetic, nutritional, management and beef processing technologies to overcome deficiencies in beef quality. This paper describes the experimental design, generation of experimental cattle and the collection and storage of data derived from these straightbreeding and crossbreeding progeny testing programs.

scholarly journals Hydrocarbon and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes from Natural Gas Well Pad Soils and Surrounding Soils in Eastern Utah

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (20) ◽  
pp. 11625-11633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth N. Lyman ◽  
Cody Watkins ◽  
Colleen P. Jones ◽  
Marc L. Mansfield ◽  
Michael McKinley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Fluxes ◽  
Gas Well

A comparison of the relative effects of fuel composition and ignition energy on the early stages of combustion in a natural gas spark ignition engine using simulation

2000 ◽  
Vol 214 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Yossefi ◽  
M. R. Belmont ◽  
S. J. Ashcroft ◽  
S. J. Maskell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Delay Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Ignition Source ◽  
Detailed Chemical Kinetics ◽  
Fuel Component ◽  
Early Stages

Spark ignition engines operating on natural gas (NG) show advantages over petrol and diesel alternatives in terms of precatalyst emissions. However, such engines are affected much more than their petrol counterparts by the long combustion delay of the main fuel component, methane. The sensitivity of combustion delay to fuel/diluent chemistry means that this issue is exaggerated by the presence in the NG of variable concentrations of higher hydrocarbons and of inorganic components, arising from the worldwide variability of NG or from the use of exhaust gas recirculation. The present article reports on a study using a large-scale three-dimensional simulation, incorporating computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and fully detailed chemical kinetics, of the early stages of NG combustion in a spark ignition engine. The focus is on comparing the relative influences of gas composition (i.e. the ethane content of the NG, and carbon dioxide in the oxidant/diluent) with the effects of ignition source location and energy on the early progress of the combustion. The results of the studies show that, although the presence of ethane enhances the combustion propagation rate and reduces delay time, and carbon dioxide has the reverse effect, the influences of the characteristics (energy and location) of the ignition source dominate over quite large changes in mixture composition. These findings have practical ramifications for the development of strategies for reducing combustion delay time in NG-fuelled engines.

Combustion as a measure to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from natural gas well blowouts

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Marvin Du
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Time Horizon ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Gas Well ◽  
Greenhouse Emissions

Natural gas well blowouts can release a large amount of methane along with other greenhouse gases. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the global warming potential (GWP) of fossil methane is 30 times higher than that of carbon dioxide in a 100-year time horizon. Here, we show that combustion can be used as a means to significantly reduce the global warming effect of greenhouse emissions from gas well blowouts: up to 90 percent of the effect can be eliminated by combusting the released natural gas. The 2015 Aliso Canyon storage well blowout is used as an example.

scholarly journals Risks and Safety of CO2 Transport via Pipeline: A Review of Risk Analysis and Modeling Approaches for Accidental Releases

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4601
Author(s):  
Matteo Vitali ◽  
Cristina Zuliani ◽  
Francesco Corvaro ◽  
Barbara Marchetti ◽  
Alessandro Terenzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Dispersion Modeling ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
And Storage

Carbon capture and storage is considered an effective mitigation strategy to reduce the most challenging emissions from heavy industries and gas processing. The safe transport of carbon dioxide via pipelines is an important aspect for developing large-scale Carbon Capture and Storage projects. Dispersion modeling for heavy gas such as carbon dioxide is considerably different from natural gas. The set up for modeling simulations is more challenging than conventional natural gas pipeline for several reasons, such as the differences in thermodynamics that must be considered. Moreover, when the carbon dioxide is transported in dense or liquid phase, the rapid phase changing, and possible consequent formation of solids should be considered. Finally, the equation of state required for accurate prediction of parameters is generally different than the ones applicable for natural gas. The main scope of this comprehensive review is to identify the most important parameters, critical events, suitable models, and identification of dispersion modeling issues. An extensive literature review of experiments conducted in the last ten years has been developed, experimental data, integral and simplified model, as well as CFD modeling issues has been identified and reported in the work proposed to highlight the advances and the gaps that could need further research activities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document