AUSTRALIAN GTL CLEAN DIESEL: A STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITY FOR AUSTRALIA’S STRANDED GAS RESERVES

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
W.G. Higgs ◽  
P.E. Prass
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Clean Diesel ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Gas Markets ◽  
Gas To Liquids ◽  
Gas Supply ◽  
Stranded Gas

Australia’s lack of gas supply infrastructure and market opportunities means that in the northwest of our nation more than 100 trillion cubic feet of gas remains uncommitted to customer contracts.Because of Western Australia’s relatively small domestic gas markets and the long transport distances to larger markets, the belief has been that only the LNG industry has the scale to monetise the large volumes of gas required to underpin greenfield developments and expansion of gas supply infrastructure.Changing fuel specifications around the world, combined with the limited opportunities for new LNG contracts, has renewed interest in gas-to-liquids (GTL) technology as an alternative to crude oil refining for a source of clean and efficient transport fuels. GTL is an exciting new market opportunity for Australian gas.Exploration interest in Australia appears to be waning. Declining opportunities for oil discoveries and the lack of markets for natural gas make investments in Australia’s upstream sector unattractive compared to other locations around the world.In addition, Australia has dwindling crude oil supplies and faces the prospect of increasing reliance on imported crude oil and refined products. An Australian GTL Clean Diesel industry can help overcome these hurdles by creating a designer blendstock and a valuable new GTL Clean Diesel export industry.A GTL Clean Diesel industry would not only help resolve many of Australia’s current upstream and downstream problems in the petroleum industry, but would also provide massive economic benefits to Australia.This paper will look not only at the making but also the marketing of this fuel of the future.

Effect of Cu Addition onto CaO/Al2O3 Catalyst for Naphthenic Acid Removal from Crude Oil

2015 ◽  
Vol 1107 ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Norshahidatul Akmar Mohd Shohaimi ◽  
Jafariah Jaafar ◽  
Wan Azelee Wan Abu Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Naphthenic Acid ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Ammonia Solution ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Total Acid

Oil is one of the most important energy sources for the world and will likely remain so for many decades, even in the most optimistic projection about the growth of alternative energy sources. Petroleum industry nowadays faced a problem when the naphthenic acid (NA) compound naturally present in the acidic crude oil tends to induce corrosion in oil refining process. Total Acid Number (TAN) represent the amount of naphthenic acid in the oil with the permissible limit of TAN in crude oil is less than 1. Various methods had been used to remove NA in crude oil such as dilution and caustic washing. But all methods have their own weakness. Hence, in order to overcome the acidic crude oil problem, a new catalytic deacidification technique will be introduced in this study. Three types of crude: Petronas Penapisan Melaka Heavy Crude (Crude A) and Light Crude (Crude B) and Korean Crude (Crude C) were studied. Parameters studied were dosing amount of basic chemical used, catalyst calcination temperature, and percentage of the basic chemical in the co-solvent. The basic chemical used in this study was ammonia solution in ethylene glycol (NH3-EG). By using Ca/Al2O3 catalyst with calcination temperature of 10000C, the results showed 66.7% (1000 mg/L of NH3-EG) reduction in TAN for crude A, 53.9% reduction for crude B while for crude C the percentage of TAN reduction was 41% only. Addition of Cu as a dopant in this study had increased the TAN reduction for all three types of crude oil. TAN in crude A (80% of TAN reduction) and crude B (77% of TAN reduction) were successfully reduced to less than 1 with only using 1000 mg/L of NH3-EG with the aids of Cu/Ca (10:90)/Al2O3 catalyst at calcination temperature of 10000C while for crude C the TAN was still higher than 1 but the percentage of TAN reduction increased to 46%.

Study of the Effect of Crude Oils on the Metallic Corrosion

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Suresh Aluvihara ◽  
Jagath K Premachandra
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Ferrous Metals

Corrosion is a severe matter regarding the most of metal using industries such as the crude oil refining. The formation of the oxides, sulfides or hydroxides on the surface of metal due to the chemical reaction between metals and surrounding is the corrosion that  highly depended on the corrosive properties of crude oil as well as the chemical composition of ferrous metals since it was expected to investigate the effect of Murban and Das blend crude oils on the rate of corrosion of seven different ferrous metals which are used in the crude oil refining industry and investigate the change in hardness of metals. The sulfur content, acidity and salt content of each crude oil were determined. A series of similar pieces of seven different types of ferrous metals were immersed in each crude oil separately and their rates of corrosion were determined by using their relative weight loss after 15, 30 and 45 days. The corroded metal surfaces were observed under the microscope. The hardness of each metal piece was tested before the immersion in crude oil and after the corrosion with the aid of Vicker’s hardness tester. The metallic concentrations of each crude oil sample were tested using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The Das blend crude oil contained higher sulfur content and acidity than Murban crude oil. Carbon steel metal pieces showed the highest corrosion rates whereas the stainless steel metal pieces showed the least corrosion rates in both crude oils since that found significant Fe and Cu concentrations from some of crude oil samples. The mild steel and the Monel showed relatively intermediate corrosion rates compared to the other types of ferrous metal pieces in both crude oils. There was a slight decrease in the initial hardness of all the ferrous metal pieces due to corrosion.

scholarly journals Comparing Crude Oils with Different API Gravities on a Molecular Level Using Mass Spectrometric Analysis. Part 1: Whole Crude Oil

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jandyson Santos ◽  
Alberto Wisniewski Jr. ◽  
Marcos Eberlin ◽  
Wolfgang Schrader
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Ft Icr Ms ◽  
Ft Icr

Different ionization techniques based on different principles have been applied for the direct mass spectrometric (MS) analysis of crude oils providing composition profiles. Such profiles have been used to infer a number of crude oil properties. We have tested the ability of two major atmospheric pressure ionization techniques, electrospray ionization (ESI(±)) and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI(+)), in conjunction with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). The ultrahigh resolution and accuracy measurements of FT-ICR MS allow for the correlation of mass spectrometric (MS) data with crude oil American Petroleum Institute (API) gravities, which is a major quality parameter used to guide crude oil refining, and represents a value of the density of a crude oil. The double bond equivalent (DBE) distribution as a function of the classes of constituents, as well as the carbon numbers as measured by the carbon number distributions, were examined to correlate the API gravities of heavy, medium, and light crude oils with molecular FT-ICR MS data. An aromaticity tendency was found to directly correlate the FT-ICR MS data with API gravities, regardless of the ionization technique used. This means that an analysis on the molecular level can explain the differences between a heavy and a light crude oil on the basis of the aromaticity of the compounds in different classes. This tendency of FT-ICR MS with all three techniques, namely, ESI(+), ESI(−), and APPI(+), indicates that the molecular composition of the constituents of crude oils is directly associated with API gravity.

scholarly journals A Need for Investment in Nigerian Crude Oil Refining and Infrastructures: A Panacea to Refined Petroleum Shortages and Economic Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucky Itsekor
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Product Availability ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Petroleum Refineries

Despite the abundance of occurring natural crude oil resources, Nigeria continually suffers shortages of refined petroleum products, which undermines economic development of the country. The purpose of this multicase study was to explore the strategic role of how investment in petroleum refineries and infrastructures can improve supply and hence mitigate shortages or scarcity of refined petroleum products in the petroleum supply chain and enhance economic development in Nigeria. The research participants comprise of ten senior leaders from two private-sector Nigerian downstream petroleum supply companies located in the Niger Delta region, who had effectively implemented strategies for petroleum supply. The conceptual framework for the study was the resource based view theory. Data were collected through semistructured face-to-face interviews and review of operational and policy documents from the supply or marketing petroleum companies. Data were transcribed, analyzed, and validated through member checking and triangulation. The discoveries indicate the need to establish more refineries, privatize the existing moribund refineries, and build more infrastructures in Nigeria. Findings may be used by petroleum leaders and investors to optimize available crude oil natural resources, and to create investment strategies in the petroleum supply chain, leading to product availability, sustainability, poverty reduction, and economic development in Nigeria.  

scholarly journals Challenges and Prospects of Converting Nigeria Illegal Refineries to Modular Refineries

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamudu Angela ◽  
Okoro Emeka ◽  
Igwilo Kevin ◽  
Olabode Oluwasanmi ◽  
Elehinafe Francis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Intermediate Products ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
Standard Operation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Investors

The sub-optimum conditions of Nigeria conventional refineries remains a drastic setback since all other industries are intertwined with its outputs. It is noted that amidst all other glaring contributing factors as listed in the study, insufficient large capital funds on the part of private investors and vandalization of pipelines seems to be conspicuous. The stolen crude oil got from the pipelines serve as the beginning point for illegal refining. Asides the issue of quality control of products, their sub-standard operation also affects Nigerians environmentally and economically. The more the Government invest time and resources to stop their operation; the more they spring up like mushrooms. This paper reflects the authors view on achieving a win-win scenario. The upgrading of existing illegal refineries at strategic locations within the country to standard modular refineries seems to be a more feasible and friendly approach. The issue of channeling of intermediate products can be solved through the introduction of clusters, where final products of one become raw material for the other. Intermediate products can also be channeled to Government owned conventional refineries for further processing. From analysis, it is deduced that overall design capacities from clusters have optimum effect on the intermediate environment in terms of meeting demand. Extensive operational training on crude oil refining will help buttress the point while Transfer of Knowledge from official vendors to Nigerian Engineers on how to fabricate modular refining units locally will also help to reduce overall cost.

scholarly journals The diversity of fungi consortium isolated from polluted soil for degrading petroleum hydrocarbon

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
RIRYN NOVIANTY ◽  
ANNISA HIDAYAH ◽  
SARYONO SARYONO ◽  
AMIR AWALUDDIN ◽  
NOVA WAHYU PRATIWI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Terrestrial Environments

Abstract. Novianty R, Saryono, Awaluddin A, Pratiwi NW, Hidayah A, Juliantari E. 2021. The diversity of fungi consortium isolated from polluted soil for degrading petroleum hydrocarbon. Biodiversitas 22: 5077-5084. One of the major problems in the petroleum industry nowadays is crude oil spills. Riau Province, Sumatra is one of the largest oil producers in Indonesia. Accidental releases of petroleum products are of particular concern to the environment. The process of drilling and refining petroleum generates a large amount of oil sludge. One of the effective technologies used in the waste degradation process is bioremediation using certain microorganisms. The prime objective of the current research was to evaluate the efficiency of fungi consortiums in crude oil degradation in Bumi Siak Pusako-Pertamina Hulu, Indonesia. There are three potential fungi isolates as petroleum hydrocarbon degradation agents with four consortium variations. The parameter values of Optical Density (OD), pH, and diluted CO2 were measured on 0, 4, 8, and 16 days. To evaluate the fungal biodegradation activity using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The result showed that consortium II (KF II) has the highest potential to degrade petroleum hydrocarbon (50.61%). The visual GC-MS examination confirmed a decrease in the peak area for eight hydrocarbon compounds, indicating the efficiency of the fungi in the oil decomposition and dismantling of hydrocarbons. Our findings may provide new information on native fungal resources from chronically contaminated terrestrial environments, and will be useful for petroleum-contaminated bioremediation and other industrial applications.  

scholarly journals Effect of air combustion preheater on furnace efficiency by using refinery simulator

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-87
Author(s):  
Dr.Yosif J. Kadhem Almosawi ◽  
Warqaa A. Kadhem Alshimmary
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Air Preheater ◽  
Heating Efficiency ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
The Right ◽  
Heating Up

One of the basic crude oil refining steps is the heat up to high temperature about 3700 C, which is done in the furnace. The balance between fuel and air required to combustion provide an economical and efficient heating. In this research operating data of heating up the furnace are collected by using an interactive simulator of Drilling System Company (ORTIS) which gives a flexibility of operation cannot be obtained in real furnace, these data are related to find the operation paths under different control system of manual, automatic and working automatic without pre-heating are used . Using of combustion air preheater, by exchanging heat with the flue gases, leading to increase furnace heating efficiency from 85% to 93% also the fuel supplied to the burners is more less than working without preheater. As the simulator used in this research very closed to real operating system of furnace which cover all the variables of furnace inside temperatures, excess air analyzer, and fuel gas control and inside pressure control. The using of interactive simulator is very useful in stating the right operating conditions. The use of pre-heating of combustion air is best economical method to reach heating the crude oil to the required temperature with minimum fuel gas consumption, which directly affects the efficiencies of the furnace in each case.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document