scholarly journals Comparing Crude Oils with Different API Gravities on a Molecular Level Using Mass Spectrometric Analysis. Part 1: Whole Crude Oil

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jandyson Santos ◽  
Alberto Wisniewski Jr. ◽  
Marcos Eberlin ◽  
Wolfgang Schrader
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Ft Icr Ms ◽  
Ft Icr

Different ionization techniques based on different principles have been applied for the direct mass spectrometric (MS) analysis of crude oils providing composition profiles. Such profiles have been used to infer a number of crude oil properties. We have tested the ability of two major atmospheric pressure ionization techniques, electrospray ionization (ESI(±)) and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI(+)), in conjunction with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). The ultrahigh resolution and accuracy measurements of FT-ICR MS allow for the correlation of mass spectrometric (MS) data with crude oil American Petroleum Institute (API) gravities, which is a major quality parameter used to guide crude oil refining, and represents a value of the density of a crude oil. The double bond equivalent (DBE) distribution as a function of the classes of constituents, as well as the carbon numbers as measured by the carbon number distributions, were examined to correlate the API gravities of heavy, medium, and light crude oils with molecular FT-ICR MS data. An aromaticity tendency was found to directly correlate the FT-ICR MS data with API gravities, regardless of the ionization technique used. This means that an analysis on the molecular level can explain the differences between a heavy and a light crude oil on the basis of the aromaticity of the compounds in different classes. This tendency of FT-ICR MS with all three techniques, namely, ESI(+), ESI(−), and APPI(+), indicates that the molecular composition of the constituents of crude oils is directly associated with API gravity.

scholarly journals Comparing Crude Oils with Different API Gravities on a Molecular Level Using Mass Spectrometric Analysis. Part 2: Resins and Asphaltenes

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jandyson Santos ◽  
Alessandro Vetere ◽  
Alberto Wisniewski ◽  
Marcos Eberlin ◽  
Wolfgang Schrader
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Level ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Ion Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Heavy Medium ◽  
Ft Icr Ms ◽  
Ft Icr

The combination of fractionation methods for crude oils, such as saturate, aromatic, resin and asphaltene (SARA) fractionation, in combination with analysis by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) has been used for reducing the complexity and improving the characterization of crude oils. We have used the FT-ICR MS techniques in conjunction with electrospray ionization (ESI(±)) and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI(+)) to find trends between MS data of SARA fractions of crude oils with different American Petroleum Institute (API) gravities from the Sergipe-Alagoas basin (Brazil), focusing on the resin and asphaltene fractions. For the first time, an adaptation of the SARA fractionation has been performed to obtain a second resin fraction, which presented compounds with an intermediate aromaticity level between the first resins and asphaltene fraction. Both the first and second resin and the asphaltene fractions were studied on a molecular level using multiple ionization techniques and FT-ICR MS to find a direct relationship between the API gravities of a heavy, medium and light crude oil. For the FT-ICR MS data and the API gravities an aromaticity tendency was found. The data show that the use of SARA fractionation with FT-ICR MS offers a tool for comprehensive characterization of individual fractions and selective chemical characterization of the components in crude oils.

Improving compositional space accessibility in (+) APPI FT-ICR mass spectrometric analysis of crude oils by extrography and column chromatography fractionation

Fuel ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deisy Giraldo-Dávila ◽  
Martha L. Chacón-Patiño ◽  
Jorge A. Orrego-Ruiz ◽  
Cristian Blanco-Tirado ◽  
Marianny Y. Combariza
Keyword(s):  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Compositional Space ◽  
Ft Icr

scholarly journals Effect of ionic composition in water: oil interactions in adjusted brine chemistry waterflooding: preliminary results

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo A. Maya ◽  
Julia J. Herrera ◽  
Jorge A. Orrego ◽  
Fernando A. Rojas ◽  
Mayra F. Rueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ft Icr Ms ◽  
Ft Icr

Low salinity or adjusted brine composition waterflooding (LSW or ABCW) is considered a promising improved/enhanced oil recovery (IOR/EOR) method. Despite the large number of studies documented in the literature, there are contradictory results and a lack of consensus regarding the mechanisms that operate in this recovery process. The proposed fluid:rock and fluid:fluid mechanisms are still under discussion and investigation. However, the impact of oil geochemistry and its importance on the fluid:fluid interactions that can occur with brines during LSW or ABCW have been overlooked and studied in a lesser extent.The scope of the present study is to preliminary evaluate crude oil:brine interactions to validate the influence of its compositions. These interactions were evaluated at static conditions for a week and reservoir temperature (60°C) using two oil samples from different Colombian basins and brine solutions of different composition at a constant ionic strength (I = 0.086). Specifically, this investigation evaluated the effect of the type of cation (Na+ and Ca2+) and anion (Cl- and SO4=) on crude oil:brine interactions. The results of these experiments were compared with tests using distilled water (DW). Although a basic characterization of brines (i.e. pH, alkalinity and ionic composition) and oil (oil viscosity) was performed, the main objective of this study is the analysis of water-soluble organic compounds (WSOC) using Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). The results demonstrate that water:oil interactions are dependent on brine and crude oil compositions. The main changes observed in the aqueous phase were the increase in inorganic components (desalting effects) and organic compounds soluble in water. Only the system crude oil A and NaCl (5,000 ppm) showed the formation of a micro dispersion. Negative electrospray ionization (ESI (-)) FT-ICR MS data shows that WSOC’s identified in DW and Na2SO4 after the interaction with crude oil A belongs to similar classes but there is marked selectivity of species solubilized with different brines. The relative abundance of classes Ox, OxS and NOx (x > 2) decreases while Ox, OxS and NOx (x ≤ 2) increase their solubility in the presence of Na2SO4 compared to DW. The analysis of O2 and O3S classes using double bond equivalence (DBE) vs. carbon number (CN) contour plots shows that the isoabundance of water-soluble species are within the range of DBE £ 10 and CN £ 20 regardless the brine used in the experiments. Finally, the method of solvent extraction in silica columns used in this investigation for the analysis of WSOC using FT-ICR MS represents a powerful and new approach to study LSW and ABCW.

Study of the Effect of Crude Oils on the Metallic Corrosion

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Suresh Aluvihara ◽  
Jagath K Premachandra
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Ferrous Metals

Corrosion is a severe matter regarding the most of metal using industries such as the crude oil refining. The formation of the oxides, sulfides or hydroxides on the surface of metal due to the chemical reaction between metals and surrounding is the corrosion that  highly depended on the corrosive properties of crude oil as well as the chemical composition of ferrous metals since it was expected to investigate the effect of Murban and Das blend crude oils on the rate of corrosion of seven different ferrous metals which are used in the crude oil refining industry and investigate the change in hardness of metals. The sulfur content, acidity and salt content of each crude oil were determined. A series of similar pieces of seven different types of ferrous metals were immersed in each crude oil separately and their rates of corrosion were determined by using their relative weight loss after 15, 30 and 45 days. The corroded metal surfaces were observed under the microscope. The hardness of each metal piece was tested before the immersion in crude oil and after the corrosion with the aid of Vicker’s hardness tester. The metallic concentrations of each crude oil sample were tested using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The Das blend crude oil contained higher sulfur content and acidity than Murban crude oil. Carbon steel metal pieces showed the highest corrosion rates whereas the stainless steel metal pieces showed the least corrosion rates in both crude oils since that found significant Fe and Cu concentrations from some of crude oil samples. The mild steel and the Monel showed relatively intermediate corrosion rates compared to the other types of ferrous metal pieces in both crude oils. There was a slight decrease in the initial hardness of all the ferrous metal pieces due to corrosion.

Experimental Study on Direct Current Voltage Assisted Carbonated Water-Flooding Mechanism in Tight Oil Reservoir

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rukuan Chai ◽  
Yuetian Liu ◽  
Yuting He ◽  
Qianjun Liu ◽  
Wenhuan Gu
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Co2 Sequestration ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Direct Current Voltage ◽  
Carbonated Water ◽  
Ft Icr Ms ◽  
Ft Icr

Abstract Tight oil reservoir plays an increasingly important role in the world energy system, but its recovery is always so low. Hence, a more effective enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology is urgently needed. Meanwhile, greenhouse effect is more and more serious, a more effective carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) method is also badly needed. Direct current voltage assisted carbonated water-flooding is a new technology that combines direct current voltage with carbonated water-flooding to enhance oil recovery and CO2 sequestration efficiency, simultaneously. Experimental studies were conducted from macroscopic-scale to microscopic-scale to study the performance and mechanism of direct current voltage assisted carbonated water-flooding. Firstly, core flood experiments were implemented to study the effect of direct current voltage assisted carbonated water on oil recovery and CO2 sequestration efficiency. Secondly, contact angle and interfacial tension/dilatational rheology were measured to analyze the effect of direct current voltage assisted carbonated water on crude oil-water-rock interaction. Thirdly, total organic carbon (TOC), gas chromatography (GC), and electrospray ionization-fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry (ESI FT ICR-MS) were used to investigate the organic composition change of produced effluents and crude oil in direct current voltage assisted carbonated water treatment. Through direct current voltage assisted carbonated water-flooding experiments, the following results can be obtained. Firstly, direct current voltage assisted carbonated waterflooding showed greater EOR capacity and CO2 sequestration efficiency than individual carbonated water and direct current voltage treatment. With the increase of direct current voltage, oil recovery increases to 38.67% at 1.6V/cm which much higher than 29.07% of carbonated water-flooding and then decreases, meanwhile, CO2 output decreases to only 35.5% at 1.6V/cm which much lower than 45.6% of carbonated water-flooding and then increases. Secondly, in direct current voltage assisted carbonated water-flooding, the wettability alteration is mainly caused by carbonated water and the effect of direct current can be neglected. While both carbonated water and direct current have evident influence on interfacial properties. Herein, with direct current voltage increasing, the interfacial tension firstly decreases and then increases, the interfacial viscoelasticity initially strengthens and then weakens. Thirdly, GC results indicated that crude oil cracking into lighter components occurs during direct current voltage assisted carbonated water-flooding, with the short-chain organic components increasing and the long-chain components decreasing. Meanwhile, TOC and ESI FT ICR-MS results illustrated that CO2 electroreduction do occur in direct current voltage assisted carbonated water-flooding with the dissolved organic molecules increases and the emergence of formic acid. Conclusively, the synergy of CO2 electrochemical reduction into formic acid in aqueous solution and the long-chain molecules electrostimulation pyrolysis into short ones in crude oil mutually resulted in the enhancement of crude oil-carbonated water interaction. This paper proposed a new EOR & CCS technology-direct current voltage assisted carbonated water-flooding. It showed great research and application potential on tight oil development and greenhouse gas control. More work needs to be done to further explore its mechanism. This paper constructs a multiscale & interdisciplinary research system to study the multidisciplinary (EOR&CCS) problem. Specifically, a series connected physical (Core displacement, Contact angle, and Interfacial tension/rheology measurements) and chemistry (TOC, GS, and ESI FT ICR-MS) experiments are combined to explore its regularity and several physics (Atomic physics) and chemistry (Electrochemistry/Inorganic Chemistry) theories are applied to explain its mechanisms.

Petroleomics by Esi(-) Ft-Icr Ms as a Tool to Assess Source and Thermal Maturity of Brazilian Crude Oils

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.S. Rocha ◽  
A.L.D. Spigolon ◽  
W.L. Bastos ◽  
J.P. Lopes ◽  
F.G. Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oils ◽  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
Ft Icr Ms ◽  
Ft Icr
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