HIGH RESOLUTION SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY, RESERVOIR ANALOGUES, AND 3D SEISMIC INTERPRETATION—APPLICATION TO EXPLORATION AND RESERVOIR DEVELOPMENT IN THE BARYULAH COMPLEX, COOPER BASIN, SOUTHWEST QUEENSLAND

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.C. Lang ◽  
N. Ceglar ◽  
S. Forder ◽  
G. Spencer ◽  
J. Kassan
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
3D Seismic ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Seismic Attribute ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
Geological Interpretation ◽  
Reservoir Development ◽  
Cooper Basin

Gas exploration and reservoir development in the Baryulah area, Cooper Basin, southwest Queensland has focussed on the fluvial-lacustrine, Permian coal-bearing Patchawarra Formation, Murteree Shale, Epsilon and Toolachee Formations. Geological interpretation of drilling and 3D seismic data has benefitted from integration of sequence stratigraphic concepts with the judicious use of reservoir analogues and seismic attribute mapping. Initially, a coherent regional chronostratigraphic framework was established, based on broad palynological zonations, and correlating extensive lacustrine flooding surfaces and unconformities, tied to 3D seismic reflectors. This framework was subdivided by using local key surfaces identified on wireline logs (usually high-gamma shaly intervals overlying coals), resulting in recognition of numerous high-resolution genetic units. Wireline log character, calibrated by cores from analogous fields around the Cooper Basin and supported by analogue studies, forms the basis for a logfacies scheme that recognises meandering fluvial channels, crevasse splays, floodplain/basin, and peat swamps/mires. Fluvial stacking patterns (aggradational, retrogradational or progradational), produced by the ratio of sediment supply to accommodation within each genetic unit, were used to help determine depositional systems tracts (alluvial lowstand, transgressive, or highstand) and likely reservoir connectivity. Log signature maps for genetic intervals form the basis of palaeogeographic mapping. Modern and ancient depositional analogues were used to constrain likely facies distribution and fluvial channel belt widths. Syndepositional structural features, net-to-gross trends, and seismic attribute mapping are used to guide the scale, distribution and orientation of potential reservoir trends. When used in conjunction with structural and production data, the palaeogeographic maps help develop stratigraphic trap play concepts, providing a predictive tool for locating exploration or appraisal drilling opportunities.

HIGH RESOLUTION PALAEOGEOGRAPHIC MAPPING OF THE FLUVIAL-LACUSTRINE PATCHAWARRA FORMATION IN THE COOPER BASIN, SOUTH AUSTRALIA

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.C. Strong ◽  
G.R. Wood ◽  
S.C. Lang ◽  
A. Jollands ◽  
E. Karalaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
South Australia ◽  
River System ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
Channel Belt ◽  
Reservoir Connectivity ◽  
Cooper Basin

Fluvial-lacustrine reservoirs in coal-bearing strata provide a particular challenge for reservoir characterisation because of the dominance of coal on the seismic signature and the highly variable reservoir geometry, quality and stratigraphic connectivity. Geological models for the fluvial gas reservoirs in the Permian Patchawarra Formation of the Cooper Basin are critical to minimise the perceived reservoir risks of these relatively deep targets. This can be achieved by applying high-resolution sequence stratigraphic concepts and finescaled seismic mapping. The workflow begins with building a robust regional chronostratigraphic framework, focussing on widespread lacustrine flooding surfaces and unconformities, tied to seismic scale reflectors. This framework is refined by identification of local surfaces that divide the Patchawarra Formation into high-resolution genetic units. A log facies scheme is established based on wireline log character, and calibrated to cores and cuttings, supported by analogue studies, such as the modern Ob River system in Western Siberia. Stacking patterns within each genetic unit are used to determine depositional systems tracts, which can have important reservoir connectivity implications. This leads to the generation of log signature maps for each interval, from which palaeogeographic reconstructions are generated. These maps are drawn with the guiding control of syn-depositional structural features and net/ gross trends. Estimates of fluvial channel belt widths are based on modern and ancient analogues. The resultant palaeogeography maps are used with structural and production data to refine play concepts, as a predictive tool to locate exploration and development drilling opportunities, to assess volumetrics, and to improve drainage efficiency and recovery during production of hydrocarbons.

Use of novel high-resolution 3D marine seismic technology to evaluate Quaternary fluvial valley development and geologic controls on shallow gas distribution, inner shelf, Gulf of Mexico

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. SC35-SC49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A. Meckel ◽  
Francis J. Mulcahy
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Inner Shelf ◽  
Sediment Delivery ◽  
Seismic Attribute ◽  
Meandering Channel ◽  
Attribute Analysis

The first deployment of the P-Cable™ high-resolution 3D (HR3D) seismic acquisition system in the Gulf of Mexico has provided unprecedented resolution of depositional, architectural, and structural features related to relative sea-level change recorded in the Quaternary stratigraphy. These details are typically beyond conventional 3D seismic resolution and/or excluded from commercial surveys, which are generally optimized for deeper targets. Such HR3D data are valuable for detailed studies of reservoir analogs, sediment delivery systems, fluid-migration systems, and geotechnical hazard assessment (i.e., drilling and infrastructure). The HR3D survey ([Formula: see text]) collected on the inner shelf ([Formula: see text] water depth) offshore San Luis Pass, Texas, imaged the upper 500 m of stratigraphy using peak frequency of 150 Hz and [Formula: see text] bin size. These data provided an exceptionally well-imaged example of shallow subsurface depositional system and stratigraphic architecture development during a lowstand period. The system evolved from a meandering channel with isolated point-bar deposits to a transgressive estuary characterized by dendritic erosional features that were eventually flooded. In addition, HR3D data have identified a previously unidentified seismically discontinuous zone interpreted to be a gas chimney system emanating from a tested (drilled) nonproductive, three-way structure in the lower Miocene (1.5 km depth). Within the shallowest intervals ([Formula: see text]) and at the top of the chimney zone, seismic attribute analysis revealed several high-amplitude anomalies up to [Formula: see text]. The anomalies were interpreted as reaccumulated thermogenic gas, and their distribution conforms to the stratigraphy and structure of the Quaternary interval, in that they occupy local fault-bounded footwall highs within remnant coarser-grained interfluvial zones, which are overlain by finer grained, transgressive deposits.

THE APPLICATION OF SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY TO EXPLORATION AND RESERVOIR DEVELOPMENT IN THE COOPER-EROMANGA-BOWEN-SURAT BASIN SYSTEM

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.C. Lang ◽  
P. Grech ◽  
R. Root ◽  
A. Hill ◽  
D. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Stratigraphy ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Sediment Flux ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
Base Level ◽  
Reservoir Development ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Water Tables ◽  
Marine System ◽  
Basin System

The application of sequence stratigraphy to non-marine strata in intracratonic basins is still in its infancy, however, the predominantly non-marine Cooper- Eromanga-Surat-Bowen basin system of Eastern Australia provides an excellent opportunity to demonstrate how sequence stratigraphic concepts can be applied to non-marine successions to assist with exploration and reservoir development. The key to applying sequence stratigraphic concepts in non-marine basins lies in understanding the role of alluvial sediment accommodation relative to sediment supply. Accommodation is created by a combination of tectonic subsidence, compaction and changing water tables in floodplain lakes, marshlands and peat mires. If the alluvial basin is directly connected to the marine system then eustacy may influence accommodation in the lower reaches of the alluvial network, but its effect will significantly diminish upstream depending on the slope. Climate change will, however, have an impact on fluvial discharge, rising water tables, floodplain lake levels, and sediment flux. For sediments to accumulate, accommodation must be positive, whereas negative accommodation leads to erosion. Fluvial accommodation is, therefore, comparable with the concept of base-level. During an episode of basin-wide tectonic uplift or tilting, falling base-level (negative accommodation) leads to widespread erosion on the basin margins or over intra-basinal highs, and an unconformity equivalent to a sequence boundary develops. If followed by a period of low accommodation, rivers rework much of their floodplain, resulting in a sheetlike, amalgamated succession of predominantly sandy bedload deposits of high nett to gross, equivalent to an alluvial lowstand. Further downstream, lowstand deltas may form in the lakes.

Application of 3D seismic attribute analysis to structure interpretation and hydrocarbon exploration southwest Pennsylvania, Central Appalachian Basin: A case study

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. T291-T302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Donahoe ◽  
Dengliang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Shear Zones ◽  
Appalachian Basin ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
3D Seismic ◽  
Seismic Attribute ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Fracturing Process ◽  
Southwest Pennsylvania

In the Central Appalachian Basin, southwest Pennsylvania, recently collected high-quality 3D seismic data provide critical information vital to the delineation of basin structures and depositional facies. It is therefore important for the development and verification of ideas associated with structural architecture and growth history of the basin. Traditional wiggle trace imagery has a low dominant frequency and signal-to-noise ratio. The conventional seismic attributes extracted from this data set, such as amplitude, frequency, and phase, are not effective at defining structural details and relations between faults and folds. To overcome these limitations, we have applied waveform regression, jointly with variance, and ant tracking to increase the resolution of structural features, leading to enhanced observations and interpretations. Forethrust to backthrust patterns and small-scale, intrainterval shear zones or detachment faults were observed within the Devonian intervals in which the Marcellus Shale has been developed. From the trend of discontinuities, the primary stress orientation during the Devonian was defined at approximately 105°–120° azimuth, which may affect drilling orientations in the hydraulic fracturing process of the Marcellus gas shale reservoir. Initial observations of gas production data hint at a correlation between structural quiescence and increased productivity in this study area. This effort demonstrates the importance of innovative 3D seismic-attribute techniques and analysis to understanding the relationship of subsurface structural features that are fundamental to the success of future exploration for and production of oil and gas.

Controls On Deep-Water Sand Delivery Beyond the Shelf Edge: Accommodation, Sediment Supply, and Deltaic Process Regime

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victorien Paumard ◽  
Julien Bourget ◽  
Tobi Payenberg ◽  
Annette D. George ◽  
R. Bruce Ainsworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Seismic Stratigraphy ◽  
Seismic Interpretation ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Shelf Edge ◽  
3D Seismic ◽  
Process Regime ◽  
Shelf Margin

ABSTRACT Stratigraphic models typically predict accumulation of deep-water sands where coeval shelf-edge deltas are developed in reduced-accommodation and/or high-sediment-supply settings. On seismic data, these relationships are commonly investigated on a small number of clinothems, with a limited control on their lateral variability. Advanced full-volume seismic interpretation methods now offer the opportunity to identify high-order (i.e., 4th to 5th) seismic sequences (i.e., clinothems) and to evaluate the controls on shelf-to-basin sediment transfer mechanisms and deep-water sand accumulation at these high-frequency scales. This study focuses on the Lower Barrow Group (LBG), a shelf margin that prograded in the Northern Carnarvon Basin (North West Shelf, Australia) during the Early Cretaceous. Thanks to high-resolution 3D seismic data, 30 clinothems (average time span of ∼ 47,000 years) from the D. lobispinosum interval (142.3–140.9 Ma) are used to establish quantitative and statistical relationships between the shelf-margin architecture, paleoshoreline processes, and deep-water system types (i.e., quantitative 3D seismic stratigraphy). The results confirm that low values of rate of accommodation/rate of sediment supply (δA/δS) conditions on the shelf are associated with sediment bypass, whereas high δA/δS conditions are linked to increasing sediment storage on the shelf. However, coastal process regimes at the shelf edge play a more important role in the behavior of deep-water sand delivery. Fluvial-dominated coastlines are typically associated with steep slope gradients and more mature, longer run-out turbidite systems. In contrast, wave-dominated shorelines are linked to gentle slope gradients, with limited development of turbidite systems (except rare sheet sands and mass-transport deposits), where longshore drift currents contributed to shelf-margin accretion through the formation of extensive strandplains. In this context, reduced volumes of sand were transported offshore and mud belts were accumulated locally. This study highlights that variations from fluvial- to wave-dominated systems can result in significant lateral changes in shelf-margin architecture (i.e., slope gradient) and impact the coeval development of deep-water systems (i.e., architectural maturity). By integrating advanced tools in seismic interpretation, quantitative 3D seismic stratigraphy represents a novel approach in assessing at high resolution the controls on deep-water sand delivery, and potentially predicting the type and location of reservoirs in deep water based on the shelf-margin architecture and depositional process regime.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

scholarly journals Geomorphological Geometries and High-Resolution Seismic Sequence Stratigraphy of Malay Basin’s Fluvial Succession

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5156
Author(s):  
Abd Al-Salam Al-Masgari ◽  
Mohamed Elsaadany ◽  
Numair A. Siddiqui ◽  
Abdul Halim Abdul Latiff ◽  
Azli Abu Bakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Seismic Attributes ◽  
Seismic Facies ◽  
Seismic Sequence ◽  
3D Seismic ◽  
Seismic Sequences ◽  
Seismic Sequence Stratigraphy ◽  
Point Bars

This study identified the Pleistocene depositional succession of the group (A) (marine, estuarine, and fluvial depositional systems) of the Melor and Inas fields in the central Malay Basin from the seafloor to approximately −507 ms (522 m). During the last few years, hydrocarbon exploration in Malay Basin has moved to focus on stratigraphic traps, specifically those that existed with channel sands. These traps motivate carrying out this research to image and locate these kinds of traps. It can be difficult to determine if closely spaced-out channels and channel belts exist within several seismic sequences in map-view with proper seismic sequence geomorphic elements and stratigraphic surfaces seismic cross lines, or probably reinforce the auto-cyclic aggregational stacking of the avulsing rivers precisely. This analysis overcomes this challenge by combining well-log with three-dimensional (3D) seismic data to resolve the deposition stratigraphic discontinuities’ considerable resolution. Three-dimensional (3D) seismic volume and high-resolution two-dimensional (2D) seismic sections with several wells were utilized. A high-resolution seismic sequence stratigraphy framework of three main seismic sequences (3rd order), four Parasequences sets (4th order), and seven Parasequences (5th order) have been established. The time slice images at consecutive two-way times display single meandering channels ranging in width from 170 to 900 m. Moreover, other geomorphological elements have been perfectly imaged, elements such as interfluves, incised valleys, chute cutoff, point bars, and extinction surfaces, providing proof of rapid growth and transformation of deposits. The high-resolution 2D sections with Cosine of Phase seismic attributes have facilitated identifying the reflection terminations against the stratigraphic amplitude. Several continuous and discontinuous channels, fluvial point bars, and marine sediments through the sequence stratigraphic framework have been addressed. The whole series reveals that almost all fluvial systems lay in the valleys at each depositional sequence’s bottom bars. The degradational stacking patterns are characterized by the fluvial channels with no evidence of fluvial aggradation. Moreover, the aggradation stage is restricted to marine sedimentation incursions. The 3D description of these deposits permits distinguishing seismic facies of the abandoned mud channel and the sand point bar deposits. The continuous meandering channel, which is filled by muddy deposits, may function as horizontal muddy barriers or baffles that might isolate the reservoir body into separate storage containers. The 3rd, 4th, and 5th orders of the seismic sequences were established for the studied succession. The essential geomorphological elements have been imaged utilizing several seismic attributes.

3D Seismic attribute optimization technology and application for dissolution caved carbonate reservoir prediction

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifeng Liu ◽  
Sam Zandong Sun ◽  
Haiyang Wang ◽  
Haijun Yang ◽  
Jianfa Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Reservoir ◽  
3D Seismic ◽  
Reservoir Prediction ◽  
Seismic Attribute
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