Genetic analysis of variation for grain yield and protein concentration in two wheat crosses

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 605 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Fabrizius ◽  
M. Cooper ◽  
K. E. Basford
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Independent Segregation ◽  
Analysis Of Variation

Grain yield and protein concentration are two of the more important criteria for wheat breeding in Queensland. Three aspects of the inheritance of both of these traits can have an impact on achieving genetic progress: (i) the magnitude and form of the genetic correlation between the traits, (ii) the magnitude of genetic variation and genotype × environment interactions, and (iii) the importance of epistasis in genetic variation. These 3 factors were examined for 2 crosses in a multi- environment trial conducted in Queensland in 1989. Negative genetic correlations were found between grain yield and protein concentration in both crosses. Genetic variation and genotype × environment interactions were found to be important for both traits. There was little evidence for the existence of significant additive × additive epistasis for either trait and the genotype × environment interactions were predominantly additive × environment in nature. From both crosses, progeny combining the high yield and high protein levels of the parents were identified. This suggests that there was a degree of independent segregation of the genes controlling grain yield and protein concentration in both crosses. Therefore, simultaneous genetic progress for yield and protein concentration is possible in Queensland environments.

Forty-six years of genetic improvement in Canadian durum wheat cultivars

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 791-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Clarke ◽  
F.R. Clarke ◽  
C.J. Pozniak
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Production Area

The first durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] cultivar developed in Canada was Stewart 63, registered in 1963. The objective of this paper is to document genetic progress in Canadian durum cultivars since that time. The genetic potential for grain yield in the main durum production area increased by about 0.7% per year and shows no sign of tapering off. This genetic potential has been captured in commercial farm yields, which increased by 1.5% per year during the same period. Grain protein concentration tended to increase slightly over the same time period because of the requirement for minimum protein concentration for cultivar release in Canada. Based on a study of two unselected doubled haploid populations, it was estimated that genetic gain for grain yield was reduced by 8 to 15% because of the negative correlation of protein concentration with yield. Yellow pigment concentration of semolina increased during the study period, especially after the mid 1990s, when higher pigment became an important breeding target. Gluten strength has also been increased since the mid 1990s. Grain cadmium concentration was reduced by about 50% to satisfy the requirements of certain export markets. Resistance to leaf and stem rust was maintained in all cultivars released since Stewart 63. In the past 10 yr, breeding has exploited genetic variation in resistance to Fusarium head blight to produce cultivars such as Brigade and CDC Verona with intermediate levels of resistance. There appears to be remaining genetic variability for all major traits in lines currently in registration trials.

scholarly journals Transcription Factor TaWRKY51 Is a Positive Regulator in Root Architecture and Grain Yield Contributing Traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuying Li ◽  
Yanfei Zhang ◽  
Chaonan Li ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Lili Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Positive Regulator ◽  
Large Spike

Wheat is one of the staple food crops. The utilization of elite genetic resources to develop resource-efficient wheat varieties is an effective approach to deal with the challenges of climate change and population growth. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are multifaceted regulators of plant growth and development and response to environmental stress. The previous studies have shown that TaWRKY51 positively regulates the development of lateral roots, while its roles in agronomic trait development are not clear, and there is no functional marker for molecular breeding. To bridge the gap, we cloned the three members of TaWRKY51 and found they were highly expressed in the roots and flag leaves at the flowering stage and were induced by the multiple abiotic stresses and phytohormones. The highest expression level was observed in TaWRKY51-2D, followed by TaWRKY51-2A and -2B. The two haplotypes/alleles for each member were identified in the natural populations, and functional markers were developed accordingly. The association assays revealed that Hap-2A-I was an elite haplotype for the large spike, Hap-2B-II and allele-G were favorable haplotypes/alleles for long root. However, only Hap-2A-I was selected for wheat breeding in China. The results of transgenic experiments showed that the rice lines overexpressing TaWRKY51 had large panicle, high thousand-grain-weight, and more crown and lateral roots, which further confirmed the results of association analysis. In short, TaWRKY51 is a positive regulator of the root architecture and grain yield (GY) contributing traits. The elite gene resources and functional markers may be utilized in the marker-assisted selection for high-yield breeding in wheat.

Genetic progress in upland rice breeding program for grain yield and plant height

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Mendes de Moura ◽  
Flávia Barbosa Silva Botelho ◽  
Laís Moretti Tomé ◽  
Cinthia Souza Rodrigues ◽  
Camila Soares Cardoso da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Mixed Model Approach

ABSTRACT In the context of plant breeding programs, it is necessary to evaluate the efficiency of genotype selection over successive years. However, evaluating the genotype selection efficiency is not an easy task, since there is not just a single way to precede it. Besides that, the programs need to be dynamic; that is, they should be able to track the introduction and discard of genotypes each year. As a result, the available data is quite unbalanced, leading to difficulties in certain analyses. Thus, the present study aims to propose some approaches to verify the genetic progress in the preliminary trial of the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA) upland rice breeding program. We utilized mixed models for grain yield and plant height. Trials were performed with a total of 120 genotypes in seven environments, defined by the interaction between locations and years. Due to the imbalance in the available data, the mixed model approach, i.e., Restricted Maximum Likelihood/Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (REML/BLUP), was adopted for the joint analysis. Besides the genetic and phenotypic parameters, the expected gains were also obtained with the selection, genetic progress, renewal rate (RR%), and dynamism of preliminary trials. The efficiency of the selection of superior genotypes per year was verified, with genetic progress favorable for reducing the medium-sized plants associated with high yield.

Combining ability and testcross performance of low N tolerant intermediate maize inbred lines under low soil nitrogen and optimal environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (5) ◽  
pp. 351-370
Author(s):  
P.F. Ribeiro ◽  
B. Badu Apraku ◽  
V. Gracen ◽  
E.Y. Danquah ◽  
C. Afriyie-Debrah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
On Farm

AbstractLow soil nitrogen (low N) threatens maize production in sub-Sahara Africa (SSA). We examined the mode of gene action conditioning grain yield of intermediate maturing inbreds and evaluated lines in hybrid combinations for high yield, stability and tolerance to low N. Thirty-two sets of inbreds were crossed to three elite testers (87036, 1368 and 9071) to generate 96 F1 hybrids. The testcrosses plus four hybrid checks were evaluated under low (30 kg/ha) and high (90 kg/ha) N environments at three locations for 2 years in Ghana. Significant general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were detected for grain yield and most measured traits across test environments, indicating that both additive and non-additive gene action governed the inheritance of the traits. GCA effects were greater than SCA effects, indicating that most traits were controlled predominantly by additive gene action and that inbreds with positive significant GCA effects for grain yield and other traits would contribute favourable alleles to progenies across environments. Hybrid CZL 0001 × 9071 possessed high GY, increased EPP, desirable EHT and PLHT and was the highest yielding under each of two research conditions. Significant genetic correlations were observed between GY and PLHT, EPP, EHT, CA and PA implying that improvement of these traits would lead to significant gains in grain yield under low-N conditions. Hybrids CLWN 247 × 9071, ZM523B-29-2-1-1-B*6 × 9071, TZD II 68 × 1368 and P43SCRq Fs100-1-1-8 × 9071 were high-yielding, stable and low-N tolerant and should be tested on-farm and commercialized.

scholarly journals Genetic variation and response to selection for storage root dry matter and associated traits in a population of yam bean (Pachyrhizus spp.) interspecies crosses

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolland Agaba ◽  
Patrick Rubaihayo ◽  
Phinehas Tukamuhabwa ◽  
Robert O. M. Mwanga ◽  
Silver Tumwegamire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
High Dry Matter

AbstractThe goal of yam bean improvement in Africa is to develop superior high yielding and high dry matter cultivars that are preferred for adoption. In this study, the estimates of variance components, heritability and response to selection were studied in F3 yam bean families selected from interspecies crosses targeting improvement of storage root dry matter and associated traits. Breeding populations were generated using North Carolina II (NC II) mating design involving high dry matter P. tuberosus chuin cultivar, low dry matter P. ahipa and the high yielding P. erosus yam beans. The progenies were advanced through selfing from F1 to F2 population and then exposed to selection at 10% selection intensity to obtain 83 high dry matter lines. The selected lines were evaluated in an F3 trial using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at the National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI) Namulonge, in Central Uganda. The results revealed significant (P < 0.001) genetic variation for storage root dry matter (RDM), storage root fresh yield (RFY), storage root dry yield (RDY), vine yield (VNY), fresh biomass yield (FBY), harvest index (HI), starch (STA) and protein (PRO) content. High genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were obtained for VNY, RDY, FBY, RFY, RDM and STA. Narrow sense heritability was higher than 0.5 and response to selection was 15.5 to 33.1 for RDM, RFY, RDY, VNY, FBY and STA, indicating rapid genetic progress is achievable and early generation selection would be effective to improve these traits. Significant (P < 0.01) positive genetic correlations were observed between RDM, RDY, RFY, VNY, FBY and STA ranging from 0.422 to 0.963 implying that simultaneous improvement of these traits is possible in the current yam bean populations.

scholarly journals Genetic variation among and within provenances and progenies of Corymbia maculata (Hook.) K. D. Hill and L. A. S. Johnson, in Pederneiras, SP

CERNE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Sanae Sato ◽  
Miguel Luiz Menezes Freitas ◽  
Israel Luiz de Lima ◽  
Léo Zimback ◽  
Maria Teresa Zugliani Toniato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Outer Border ◽  
High Selection ◽  
Eucalyptus Maculata ◽  
Coefficient Of Genetic Variation ◽  
Selection Of

This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters and variation in a provenance-progeny test of C. maculata (ex Eucalyptus maculata Hook.), conducted at Pederneiras Experimental Station, in São Paulo Forest Institute. The test was based on 21 open-pollination progenies from provenance Woondum St. Forest and 17 from provenance Wondai St. Forest, both in Australia. A compact family block design was adopted consisting of ten blocks, six plants per straight-line plot and two outer border rows, with spacing 3 x 2 m. Traits assessed included diameter at breast height (DBH), height, volume, form and survival rate at age 4 and 21 years. Significant differences were detected only at age 4 between provenances for DBH and height and among progenies for DBH, height and volume. The coefficient of genetic variation was higher for all traits at age 21. The heritability coefficient at the progeny level (h m²) was also higher at age 21 and ranged from 0.21 for volume to 0.40 for height, indicating that genetic progress can be achieved through selection of the best progenies. Genetic correlations were high between traits within and between age categories, showing that potential genetic gains can be achieved through indirect, early selection. Results indicate that considerable gains can be made if high selection intensity is applied among and within progenies, with values ranging from 12.48% for height to 21.77% for volume.

scholarly journals Estimation of genetic progress after eight cycles of recurrent selection for common bean grain yield

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graciele Simoneti da Silva ◽  
Magno Antonio Patto Ramalho ◽  
Ângela de Fátima Barbosa Abreu ◽  
José Airton Rodrigues Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Selection For

The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic progress of eight cycles of recurrent selection for common bean lines with high yield. The base population was obtained from 10 parents differing in several characters. To date, eight selection cycles have been performed. In each cycle the selection process continues after recombination, until lines are established, which are then evaluated more extensively in the experiment of evaluation of elite lines together with lines of other programs. The genetic progress was estimated based on the data of evaluations of these lines in each cycle over the years. The estimated genetic progress of 3.3 % per cycle allows the conclusion that recurrent selection for grain yield is efficient.

scholarly journals Increasing Grain Yield in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by Selection for High Spike Fertility Index

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Clara Pontaroli ◽  
María Pía Alonso ◽  
Nadia Estefania Mirabella ◽  
Juan Sebastián Panelo ◽  
María Fiorella Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Fertility Index ◽  
Ril Population ◽  
Selection For

ABSTRACTSpike fertility index (SF; a.k.a. fruiting efficiency at maturity) has been proposed as a promising selection criterion for increasing grain yield (GY) in bread wheat. In this study, changes in GY and related traits after simulated selection (10% intensity) for high SF or high GY were assessed in (i) a RIL population of 90 individuals (Avalon/Glupro) (ii) a RIL population of 146 individuals (Baguette 10/Klein Chajá); (iii) 28-36 advanced lines from a breeding program. Grain yield, SF, grain number per unit area (GN), grain weight, test weight and grain protein content were determined. Regardless of the environmental conditions, simulated selection for high SF alone always resulted in GN increases (between 1.6 and 27.4%). Average GY increase observed after simulated selection for high SF (5.6%; N=20; S2 =80.1) did not differ (p=0.2) from the average GY increase observed after simulated selection for GY per se (12.9%; N=12; S2 =308.1). Our findings validate the use of SF as a selection criterion for increasing genetic progress of grain yield in bread wheat breeding programs.

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