The buffering capacity of caecal digesta exceeds that of rumen digesta from sheep fed pasture or roughage diets

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Ding ◽  
J. B. Rowe ◽  
I. R. Godwin ◽  
Y. Xu
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sodium Dihydrogen ◽  
Sodium Dihydrogen Orthophosphate ◽  
Dihydrogen Orthophosphate

The buffering capacities of caecal and rumen digesta of sheep on different diets were determined by titration with lactic, acetic, and hydrochloric acids, and certain factors affecting the buffering capacity of rumen digesta were studied. Both rumen and caecal digesta had maximal buffering capacity at pH 6·5–6·0. The buffering capacity of caecal digesta was nearly double (P < 0·001) that of rumen digesta. The rumen digesta from sheep fed oaten chaff had a buffering capacity 21% higher (P < 0·05) than that of sheep grazing green pasture. This was reduced (P < 0·05) by one-third following ruminal infusions of glucose, lactic, or acetic acid to induce acidosis. Diet did not significantly affect the buffering capacities of rumen and caecal digesta. However, the buffering capacities of rumen and caecal digesta from pasture-fed sheep that had been fasted for 24 h were significantly greater (P < 0·001) than those for sheep that had not been fasted (62 and 18%). The buffering capacity determined using HCl was always less than that for lactic or acetic acid. This may be due to the lower pKa for HCl and the fact that there is no evidence that HCl undergoes inter-conversion through fermentation that the organic acids may undergo. The addition of carbonate or phosphate buffer significantly increased (P < 0·05) the buffering capacity of rumen and caecal digesta. The sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate (NaHCO3 and Na2CO3) system played a more effective buffering role than the sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate and disodium hydrogen orthophosphate (NaH2PO4 and Na2HPO4) system in the rumen digesta.

Repercussion of photosynthetic variables and related enzymes under influence of sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate and sodium sulphatewith two modes of gibberellic acid application

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mazid
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Activity ◽  
Chickpea Cultivar ◽  
Sodium Dihydrogen ◽  
Sodium Dihydrogen Orthophosphate ◽  
Dihydrogen Orthophosphate

An experiment was carried out to investigate whether the application of gibberellic acid (GA) along with NaH2PO4 and/or Na2SO4 could ameliorate photosynthetic variables and enzymes in chickpea cultivar DCP 92-3 without compromising the nitrogen fixing activity. Before, sowing the seeds of chickpea were soaked for 8 h in 10-6MGA. 60 and 70 days after sowing (DAS), the plants were sprayed with 10-6MGA along with 2 kg P and /or S/ha in two equal splits. Performance of the crop was assessed in terms of chlorophyll content (Chl), net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), carbonic anhydrase activity (CA) and one most significant N-fixing enzyme, NR. Treatment (16) SGA+FGAPS proved best, it enhanced Chl content by 46.16% and 48.84% PN by 64.24 and 65.37%, NR by 22.37% and 22.46% respectively at 90 and 100 DAS. CA at 100 DAS only and gs at both stages of sampling found non-significant. Moreover, CA enhanced by 64.56% at 90 DAS also.

THE ADDITION OF BUFFERS TO RUMINANT RATIONS: IV. THE EFFECT OF ADDITIONS OF SODIUM BICARBONATE, SODIUM PROPIONATE, LIMESTONE AND COD LIVER OIL ON INTRA-RUMEN ENVIRONMENT

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. G. Nicholson ◽  
H. M. Cunningham ◽  
D. W. Friend
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Sodium Propionate ◽  
Cent Sodium ◽  
Basal Ration

Two experiments with fistulated steers were designed to study the effects of adding 5.7 per cent sodium bicarbonate, 5.7 per cent ground limestone, and 5.7 per cent sodium bicarbonate plus either 3.6 per cent sodium propionate or 60 milliliters per day of cod liver oil to an all-concentrate basal ration composed of barley, oats, linseed oil meal, molasses, minerals and vitamins A and D2. The effects of using rolled or ground grains were also studied. All of the buffered rations, except that containing limestone, resulted in a higher rumen pH and buffering capacity than did the basal ration. The buffers had little effect on the total concentration but did result in changes in the molar proportions of the VFA in rumen fluid. In both experiments, the buffered rations, except that containing limestone, gave a lower molar per cent of acetic acid than did the basal ration. The addition of either cod liver oil or sodium propionate to the sodium bicarbonate ration resulted in a higher molar per cent of the propionic acid than with the basal ration. The butyric acid concentration was lower for the ration containing cod liver oil than for either the basal or sodium bicarbonate rations. Rolled grains in the basal ration gave less extreme results than did ground grains; however, the differences were not significant.Samples taken at 3, 5, 8 and 16 hours after feeding showed marked diurnal variations in all criteria studied, except the proportion of acetic acid. Values obtained at 3 and 5 hours after feeding showed little change but thereafter there was a decrease in concentration of total VFA and the proportion of propionic acid and an increase in pH, buffering capacity and the proportions of butyric and the higher acids. Interactions between the rations and times of sampling show that the buffers are most effective in modifying the intra-rumen environment shortly after feeding but this effect had partly disappeared by 5 hours after feeding.

Effects of phosphates and citrates on sediment formation in UHT goats' milk

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodora Boumpa ◽  
Alexandros Tsioulpas ◽  
Alistair S Grandison ◽  
Mike J Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Trisodium Citrate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sediment Formation ◽  
Ionic Calcium ◽  
Indirect Treatment ◽  
Sodium Dihydrogen ◽  
Sodium Dihydrogen Orthophosphate ◽  
Ethanol Stability ◽  
Dihydrogen Orthophosphate

Sediment formation was investigated during UHT treatment of goats' milk, subjected to indirect treatment at 140°C for 2 s, with upstream homogenisation. Stabilisers evaluated were sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), trisodium citrate (TSC), disodium hydrogen orthophosphate (DSHP), and sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate (SDHP). With no added stabiliser, goats' milk produced a heavy sediment on UHT treatment. Addition of SDHP reduced pH, had little effect on ionic calcium and did not substantially reduce sediment. However, addition of SHMP, DSHP and TSC each reduced ionic calcium, increased ethanol stability and reduced sediment. Following stabiliser additions, there was a good correlation between ethanol stability and ionic calcium (R2=0·85) but not between ethanol stability and pH (R2=0·08). Overall, reducing ionic calcium reduced the amount of sediment formed for all these three stabilisers, although there was no single trend line between sediment formation and ionic calcium concentration. Sediment formation was not well correlated with pH for TSC or for SHMP, but it was for DSHP, making it the only stabiliser where sediment formation correlated well both with ionic calcium and pH, which might account for its effectiveness at higher ionic calcium levels. Sediment was much reduced when the temperature was reduced from 140°C to 125°C and 114°C. There were no further changes in sediment on storage for two weeks. Analysis of the sediment showed that it was predominantly fat and protein, with a mass ratio ranging between 1·43:1 and 1·67:1. Its mineral content was usually less than 5% of dry weight. The maximum amounts of P and Ca were found to be 2·32% and 1·63%, respectively.

Inhibition of atmospheric corrosion of mild steel by sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate treatment

2004 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Al‐Mathami ◽  
H. Saricimen ◽  
R. Kahraman ◽  
M. Al‐Zahrani ◽  
S. Al‐Dulaijan
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Atmospheric Corrosion ◽  
Sodium Dihydrogen ◽  
Sodium Dihydrogen Orthophosphate ◽  
Dihydrogen Orthophosphate

Ultrastructure of the basal body apparatus in epidermal cells of a sponge larva (Aplysilla SP: Demospongiae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 928-929
Author(s):  
R.L. Pinto ◽  
R.M. Woollacott
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Basal Body ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Basal Apparatus ◽  
Striated Rootlet ◽  
The Common ◽  
Basal Foot ◽  
Sexually Mature

The basal body and its associated rootlet are the organelles responsible for anchoring the flagellum or cilium in the cytoplasm. Structurally, the common denominators of the basal apparatus are the basal body, a basal foot from which microtubules or microfilaments emanate, and a striated rootlet. A study of the basal apparatus from cells of the epidermis of a sponge larva was initiated to provide a comparison with similar data on adult sponges.Sexually mature colonies of Aplysillasp were collected from Keehi Lagoon Marina, Honolulu, Hawaii. Larvae were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 0.14 M NaCl in 0.2 M Millonig’s phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). Specimens were postfixed in 1% OsO4 in 1.25% sodium bicarbonate (pH 7.2) and embedded in epoxy resin. The larva ofAplysilla sp was previously described (as Dendrilla cactus) based on live observations and SEM by Woollacott and Hadfield.

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