Variation in growth, development, and yield of durum wheat in response to high soil boron. II. Differences between genotypes

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 951 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Yau ◽  
M. Nachit, ◽  
J. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Symptom Score ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Toxicity Symptom ◽  
Growth Development

This greenhouse study examined the variation in growth, development, and yield between 9 durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum Desf., syn. T. durum) lines in response to high soil boron (B) levels. The lines were selected to represent the range of B-toxicity tolerance in an earlier screening experiment. Three soil B levels (hot-water extractable B concentrations of 0·3, 7·1, and 17·4 mg/kg, designated as B0, B25, and B50, respectively) were set up by mixing different amounts of boric acid with soil. Foliar B-toxicity symptom score, dry weight, and shoot-B concentration were measured at tillering. Agronomic traits and yield were measured. There were differential responses to high soil B levels between the durum lines. The boron×line interaction was significant for B-toxicity symptom score and shoot-B concentration. Based on these 2 characters, and percentage of shoot dry weight and grain yield reduction from B0 to B50, Oued Zenati, Omrabi-5, and Gezira-17 were the most tolerant of the 9 durum lines, yet they were less tolerant to high soil B levels than the tolerant bread-wheat check, Halberd. Nonetheless, until more tolerant materials are developed, these moderately tolerant durum lines could still be useful for areas, like southern Australia, where B toxicity is a problem.

Variation in growth, development, and yield of durum wheat in response to high soil boron. I. Average effects

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 945 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Yau ◽  
M. C. Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Set Up

A greenhouse study was conducted to examine how the performance of a group of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum Desf, syn. T. Durum) lines was affected by high soil boron (B) levels in terms of growth, phenological development, and grain yield components. Three soil B levels (hot-water extractable B concentrations of 0·3, 7·1, and 17·4 mg/kg) were set up by mixing soil with boric acid. Foliar symptom scores of B toxicity were taken at the beginning of tillering. Six seedlings were then harvested from each pot for measurement of dry weight and shoot B concentration. Days to heading, numbers of tillers and heads, plant height, flag-leaf area, grain and straw yield, and number of grains were also measured. The high soil B level (17·4 mg/kg) caused symptoms of B toxicity on the foliage, increased shoot B concentrations, retarded growth, and reduced grain yield. Other effects included delayed heading; greater reduction in grain yield than straw yield; severely reduced grain yield per tiller due to an increase in aborted tillers; and decreased 1000-grain weight and number of heads per plant. The moderately high soil B level (7·1 mg/kg) also severely depressed the grain yield of these durum lines.

scholarly journals Variation and Relationships among Agronomic Traits in Durum Wheat [Triticum turgidum(L.) Thell. ssp.turgidumconv.durum(Desf.) MacKey] under South Mediterranean Growth Conditions: Stepwise and Path Analyses

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mansouri ◽  
Bachir Oudjehih ◽  
Abdelkader Benbelkacem ◽  
Zine El Abidine Fellahi ◽  
Hamenna Bouzerzour
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
The One

Relationships among agronomic traits and grain yield were investigated in 56 genotypes of durum wheat (Triticum durumDesf.). The results indicated the presence of sufficient variability nearly for all measured traits. Heritability and expected genetic gain varied among traits. Aboveground biomass, harvest index, and spike number were the most grain yield-influencing traits. Early genotypes showed above-average grain and biological yields, spike number, and lower canopy temperature. Assessed genotypes were clustered into three groups which differed mainly for biological, economical, straw, and grain yields, on the one hand, and plant height, chlorophyll content, and canopy temperature, on the other hand. Selection for direct use from clusters carrying best combinations of yield-related traits and crosses to be made between genotypes belonging to contrasted clusters were suggested to generate more variability. Selection preferentially for spike number, biological yield, harvest index, and canopy temperature to accumulate favorable alleles in the selected entries for future uses is suggested.

Detection of molecular markers associated with yield and yield components in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) under saline conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 957 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dura ◽  
M. Duwayri ◽  
M. Nachit ◽  
F. Al Sheyab
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Ssr Loci

Durum wheat is one of the most important staple food crops, grown mainly in the Mediterranean region where its productivity is drastically affected by salinity. The objective of this study was to identify markers associated with grain yield and its related traits under saline conditions. A population of 114 F8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was derived by single-seed descent from a cross between Belikh2 (salinity-tolerant variety) and Omrabi5 (less salinity tolerant) was grown under non-saline and saline conditions in a glasshouse. Phenotypic data of the RILs and parental lines were measured for 15 agronomic traits. Association of 96 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci covering all 14 chromosomes with 15 agronomic traits was analysed with a mixed linear model. In total, 49 SSR loci were significantly associated with these traits. Under saline conditions, 12 markers were associated with phenological traits and 19 markers were associated with yield and yield components. Marker alleles from Belikh2 were associated with a positive effect for the majority of markers associated with yield and yield components. Under saline condition, five markers (Xwmc182, Xwmc388, Xwmc398, Xbarc61, and Xwmc177) were closely linked with grain yield, located on chromosomes 2A, 3A, 3B, 4B, 5A, 6B, and 7A. These markers could be used for marker-assisted selection in durum wheat breeding under saline conditions.

scholarly journals Association of Agronomic Traits with SNP Markers in Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. durum (Desf.))

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e0130854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Hu ◽  
Jing Ren ◽  
Xifeng Ren ◽  
Sisi Huang ◽  
Salih A. I. Sabiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Snp Markers

GENOTYPIC VARIABILITY IN PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN DURUM WHEAT

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. GUMMULURU ◽  
S. JANA ◽  
S. L. A. HOBBS
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Physiological Characters

Yield and eight other related physiological characters [photosynthetic CO2 exchange rate (CER), stomatal resistance (rs), internal CO2 concentration, water-use efficiency (WUE), chlorophyll a + b content (Chl), specific leaf weight (SLW), leaf area and shoot dry weight] were examined in 20 durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) genotypes grown under nonirrigated and irrigated field conditions in 1986 and 1987. Considerable genetic differences were evident for all characters under both nonirrigated and irrigated field conditions. Significant correlations between the genotype means of the 2 years and no significant genotype × irrigation interaction indicated that the genotypic rankings were generally consistent over different environments. Reduced water availability under nonirrigated conditions decreased yield, CER, shoot dry weight, leaf area, and internal CO2 concentration and increased rs. Genotypes were separated into drought-tolerant or susceptible types based on yield potential and leaf water loss. The drought-tolerant genotypes had higher WUE, Chl, yield, leaf area and shoot dry weight and lower internal CO2 concentration than the drought-susceptible genotypes. The group differences for the characters were significant only under nonirrigated field conditions.Key words: Physiological characters, drought tolerance, wheat (durum) Triticum turgidum L. var. durum

scholarly journals Cadmium absorption and retention by rats fed durum wheat (Triticum turgidumL. var.durum) grain

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. House ◽  
J. J. Hart ◽  
W. A. Norvell ◽  
R. M. Welch
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Cadmium Absorption

A whole-body radioassay procedure was used to assess the retention and apparent absorption by rats of Cd in kernels of durum wheat (Triticum turgidumL. var.durum) harvested from plants grown hydroponically in109Cd-labelled nutrient solution. Wholegrain wheat, containing 5 μmol Cd (570 μg)/kg dry weight labelled intrinsically with109Cd, was incorporated into test meals fed to rats that had been maintained on diets containing marginally adequate, adequate or surplus levels of Zn (0·12 mmol (8 mg), 0·43 mmol (28 mg) or 1·55 mmol (101 mg) Zn/kg respectively), and either 0 or 50 g durum wheat/kg. Regardless of diet, all rats consumed about 99 % of the test meal offered. In rats fed diets without wheat, initial Cd absorption averaged 7·7, 4·6 and 2·4 % of the dose when the diet contained 0·12 mmol (8 mg), 0·43 mmol (28 mg) or 1·55 mmol (101 mg) Zn/kg diet respectively. In rats fed wheat-containing diets, initial Cd absorption averaged 3·8 and 2·6 % of the dose when dietary Zn concentration was 0·12 mmol (8 mg) and 0·43 mmol (28 mg)/kg diet respectively. The amount of Cd retained in the body at 15 d postprandial was <2 % of the dose in all rats, and decreased as Zn in the diet increased. Even at 15 d postprandial, 32 to 44 % of the Cd retained in the body was still in the gastrointestinal tract. The results show that: (1) the bioavailability to rats of Cd in wholegrain durum wheat was depressed when wholegrain wheat was part of the regular diet; (2) increased intake of dietary Zn lowered Cd absorption and retention; (3) retention of Cd in the body at 15 d postprandial from diets containing adequate Zn was <1·3 %.

scholarly journals Physiological and Molecular Osmotic Stress Responses in Three Durum Wheat (Triticum Turgidum ssp Durum) Genotypes

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma Jallouli ◽  
Sawsen Ayadi ◽  
Simone Landi ◽  
Giorgia Capasso ◽  
Giorgia Santini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Primary Metabolism

This study aims to investigate the activities and expression of enzymes of primary metabolism and relate these data with the growth performance of three different durum wheat genotypes (Maali; YT13; and ON66) under osmotic stress. Growth traits—including plant height, dry weight (DW) and relative water content (RWC)—were measured to classify genotypes depending on their tolerance to stress. Several enzymes were investigated: Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), Glutamine Synthetase (GS), Glutamine dehydrogenase (GDH), Glutamate synthase (GOGAT), Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), and Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase (PEPC). The expression of the cytosolic and plastidic glutamine synthetase (TaGS1 and TaGS2), high affinity nitrate transporters (TaNRT2.3) and Glutamate dehydrogenase (TaGDH) were also detected by qRT-PCR. The results indicated different growth performances among genotypes, indicating Maali and YT13 as tolerant genotypes and ON66 as a drought-susceptible variety. Data showed a decrease in PEPC and increase in APX activities under osmotic stress; a slight decrease in GS activity was observed, together with an increase in G6PDH in all genotypes; GS and NRT2 expressions changed in a similar pattern in the different genotypes. Interestingly, Maali and YT13 showed higher transcript abundance for GDH under stress compared to ON66, suggesting the implication of GDH in protective phenomena upon osmotic stress.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in Ethiopian Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum var durum) inferred from phenotypic variations

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejene K. Mengistu ◽  
Yosef G. Kidane ◽  
Carlo Fadda ◽  
Mario Enrico Pè
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
World Population ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Stable Performance

AbstractThe valorization of genetic diversities of major crops like wheat may help substantially to feed the world Population. Durum wheat genotypes consisting of 265 farmers’ varieties (FVs), which have been cultivated for many centuries in Ethiopia, as well as 24 improved varieties (IMVs) have been recently evaluated in northern Ethiopia. The evaluation has been carried out at two different locations for 2 consecutive years to verify the inherited diversity in FVs for important phenological and agronomic traits; with the intention to provide refined information to breeders and genebank managers. As a result of a careful evaluation, a very significant variation was observed between the FVs and IMVs. A large number of the former have demonstrated superior performance to the latter in terms of mean values of the major traits within the stipulated years and locations. The best performing FV has shown a gain of 20% grain yield over the best IMV. Multivariate analyses revealed that FVs displayed larger genetic diversity than in those IMVs. FVs could therefore be used as donor of useful alleles in durum wheat breeding for improvement of yield per se and other traits of agronomic and phenological importance. The identified stable superior FVs include: 8208, 226834A, 238567, 222426, 226282 could be best candidates for farmers in marginal environments. Genotypes that have shown stable performance for spatial variation such as 204493A, 214357 and 238567; and temporal variation such as 8208, 208479, 214357 and 226834A could be the best candidates for exploitation in future breeding programs.

The parameters of grain filling and yield components in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum)

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milka Brdar ◽  
Marija Kraljević-Balalić ◽  
Borislav Kobiljski
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Filling Duration

AbstractFinal grain dry weight, a component of yield in wheat, is dependent on the duration and the rate of grain filling. The purpose of the study was to compare the grain filling patterns between common wheat, (Triticum aestivum L.), and durum wheat, (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum), and investigate relationships among grain filling parameters, yield components and the yield itself. The most important variables in differentiating among grain filling curves were final grain dry weight (W) for common wheat genotypes and grain filling rate (R) for durum wheat genotypes; however, in all cases the sets of variables important in differentiating among grain filling curves were extended to either two or all three parameters. Furthermore, in one out of three environmental conditions and for both groups of genotypes, the most important parameter in the set was grain filling duration (T). It indicates significant impact of environmental conditions on dry matter accumulation and the mutual effect of grain filling duration and its rate on the final grain dry weight. The medium early anthesis date could be associated with further grain weight and yield improvements in wheat. Grain filling of earlier genotypes occurs in more temperate environments, which provides enough time for gradual grain fill and avoids the extremes of temperature and the stress of dry conditions.

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