Effect of nutrients and elemental sulfur particle size on elemental sulfur oxidation and the growth of Thiobacillus thiooxidans

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sholeh ◽  
Rod D. B. Lefroy ◽  
Graeme J. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Thiobacillus Thiooxidans ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
P Rate ◽  
Oxidation Model ◽  
S Oxidation

Elemental sulfur (S) has many attractions as a fertiliser but it must be oxidised to sulfate before it is plant available. Two laboratory incubation experiments with a high S sorbing basaltic soil (Haplohumult) from Walcha, New South Wales, are reported here. The first experiment was conducted to study the effect of ? P and other nutrients on the oxidation of elemental S and the growth of Thiobacillus thiooxidans. The second experiment studied the effect of phosphorus (P) rate, elemental S particle size, and elemental S form on the oxidation of elemental S at different times. There were significant differences between treatments in the percentage and amount of elemental S oxidised, with the lowest oxidation occurring during the 6-week incubation in the P treatment, which represented 1�8% of the applied S compared with 16�0% when all nutrients were supplied. There was a significant linear relationship between T. thiooxidans population at the end of the incubation period and the amount of elemental S oxidised. The oxidation of elemental S was higher when fine (50?150 �m) particle size elemental S was used, compared with coarse (150?250 �m) elemental S. There was no clear difference in oxidation rate between ground and recrystallised elemental S. The S oxidation rates recorded in these experiments were compared with those predicted by an S oxidation model and found to be in close agreement.

ELEMENTAL SULFUR OXIDATION AS INFLUENCED BY PLANT GROWTH AND DEGREE OF DISPERSION WITHIN SOIL

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. JANZEN
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Oxidation Rate ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
S Oxidation ◽  
Elemental Sulfur Oxidation

Controlled environment studies were conducted to characterize the effects of cropping treatment and degree of particle dispersion on S oxidation rate. In two soils (a Chernozem and a Luvisol), S oxidation rates were not greatly affected by cropping treatment (barley, beans, canola, or fallow). In a second experiment, S oxidation was shown to approach maximum rates at a dispersion level of 1000 g soil g−1 S. Key words: Sulfur, placement, rhizosphere, fertilizer, elementals

scholarly journals Kinetic Constant Variability in Bacterial Oxidation of Elemental Sulfur

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 3752-3754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanka Pokorna ◽  
Martin Mandl ◽  
Sarka Borilova ◽  
Pavla Ceskova ◽  
Romana Markova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acidithiobacillus Ferrooxidans ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Kinetic Constant ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Growth Yields ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Michaelis Constant ◽  
Bacterial Oxidation ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Oxidation Rates

ABSTRACT Wide ranges of growth yields on sulfur (from 2.4 × 1010 to 8.1 × 1011 cells g−1) and maximum sulfur oxidation rates (from 0.068 to 1.30 mmol liter−1 h−1) of an Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain (CCM 4253) were observed in 73 batch cultures. No significant correlation between the constants was observed. Changes of the Michaelis constant for sulfur (from 0.46 to 15.5 mM) in resting cells were also noted.

Magnesium fertiliser dissolution rates in pumice soils under Pinus radiata

Soil Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 753 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Mitchell ◽  
P. Loganathan ◽  
T. W. Payn ◽  
R. W. Tillman
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Rate Of Dissolution ◽  
Cubic Model ◽  
Dissolution Rate Constants ◽  
Elemental Sulfur Oxidation

Application of Mg fertilisers has been suggested as a means of reducing the incidence of Mg deficiency of forest trees in New Zealand and Europe. The objective of this study was to determine the rates of dissolution of a range of Mg fertilisers applied to a pumice soil (Typic Udivitrand). The rate of fertiliser dissolution was little influenced by whether the fertiliser was applied directly on to the soil surface (litter removed) or on to the litter layer in a Pinus radiata plantation. Twenty-seven months since fertiliser application the mean (with and without litter) percentage of Mg dissolved was in the sequence: Epsom salts > calcined magnesite 1–2 mm > granmag (a partially acidulated and granulated calmag product) > calcined magnesite 2–4 mm > forestry grade dolomite. The specific dissolution rate constants (mg/cm2 .day of fertiliser) for the slowly soluble Mg fertilisers calculated using an elemental sulfur oxidation cubic model were 587 for calcined magnesite 1–2 mm, 426 for calcined magnesite 2–4 mm, 385 for granmag, and 18 for forestry grade dolomite. In a laboratory incubation study the elemental sulfur oxidation cubic model described the rate of dissolution of Mg fertilisers within narrow fertiliser particle size ranges. The specific fertiliser dissolution rate constants, however, increased with decreases in particle size, suggesting that the rate of dissolution depends on factors other than surface area when particle sizes varied widely. Slowly soluble, alkaline Mg fertilisers had a significant liming effect on the soil. They were more effective in increasing soil exchangeable Mg than soluble Mg salts over a long-period and therefore, they are better fertilisers for P. radiata.

Kinetics of sulfur and pyrite oxidation by Thiobacillus thiooxidans. Competitive inhibition by increasing concentrations of cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector M. Lizama ◽  
Isamu Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constants ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Pyrite Oxidation ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Pulp Density ◽  
Strain Atcc ◽  
Thiobacillus Thiooxidans ◽  
Kinetics Of

The oxidation of elemental sulfur by two strains of Thiobacillus thiooxidans was studied by measuring the rate of O2 consumption at various concentrations of substrate and cells. In both the laboratory strain ATCC 8085 and the mine isolate SM-6, sulfur oxidation was competitively inhibited by T. thiooxidans cells; the Ki values were 0.65 and 0.05 mg wet cells∙mL−1, respectively. The rate constants were 500 and 143 μM O2∙min−1∙mg wet cells−1∙mL−1 and the Km values for sulfur concentration were 7.5 and 0.32% pulp density, respectively. Mine isolate SM-6 was used also to study pyrite (FeS2) oxidation by measuring the rate of O2 consumption. Oxidation of both washed and unwashed pyrite samples was competitively inhibited by increasing concentrations of cells; with each sample the Ki values was 0.05 mg wet cells∙mL−1. The rate constants for each sample were also the same (100 μM O2∙min−1∙mg wet cells−1∙mL−1), but the Km values were different (1.11% pulp density for washed pyrite and 2.81% pulp density for unwashed pyrite). Based on the rate of Fe solubilization from the washed pyrite sample, T. thiooxidans cells oxidized the sulfide released from pyrite dissolution beyond the oxidation state of elemental sulfur. Key words: Thiobacillus thiooxidans, sulfur, pyrite, oxidation, kinetics.

Influence of sulfur and phosphorus placement, and sulfur particle size, on elemental sulfur oxidation and the growth response of maize (Zea mays)

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rod D. B. Lefroy ◽  
Sholeh ◽  
Graeme Blair
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Root Proliferation ◽  
Split Root ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
Controllable Factors ◽  
S Oxidation

The oxidation rate of elemental sulfur (S) can be manipulated by a number of controllable factors to match formation of sulfate to plant demand. Two of these factors are particle size and the presence of adequate nutrients for the oxidising bacteria. A factorial experiment was conducted in a glasshouse consisting of 3 combinations of S and phosphorus (P) placements × 2 S particle sizes [ 35S-labelled 50–150 µm (fine sulfur, Sf) and 150–250 µm (coarse sulfur, Sc)] × 2 harvesting times of maize (Zea mays) (28 and 56 days). In the 3 fertiliser placement treatments, all of the S was evenly mixed with the soil in the front compartment of a split-root box. The treatments differed in the placement of the P fertiliser: (i) all of the P was applied in the front compartment with the S (SPF); (ii) the P was applied evenly throughout the soil in both compartments (SPFB); and (iii) all of the P was applied in the back compartment (SPB). A high P- and S-sorbing basaltic soil (Haplohumult) from Walcha, New South Wales, was used in the split-root boxes. Plant dry weight and fertiliser S uptake were increased when P was mixed with elemental S. Elemental S oxidation after 28 days was higher when mixed with P than when separated from P, and higher with Sf than with Sc. Root proliferation occurred in direct response to the placement of P. There were significant linear relationships between the amount of applied P in the front compartment and root length and root surface area of the front compartment roots. This study shows that the increase in S uptake by the plant from elemental S when it was mixed with P was due to the combined effect of P on elemental S oxidation and on root proliferation.

Can the plant availability of elemental sulfur be enhanced through its combination with sewage sludge and hydrated lime?

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Sulewski ◽  
J. J. Schoenau
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Initial Oxidation ◽  
Plant Availability ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Handling Characteristics ◽  
S Oxidation

Elemental sulfur (S°) was combined with dried anaerobically digested sewage sludge (DDS) and/or hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) to create a possible alternative to conventional S° fertilizers. These S° blends were studied in both powdered and pelletized form to discern both the role of DDS as a fertilizer binder and as a potential stimulator of heterotrophic S° oxidation. The S° blends were visually examined to obtain general conclusions regarding surface characteristics and potential plant availability. An incubation lasting 12 wk was used to examine the short-term release of sulfate from fine (mean particle diameter [MPD] = 82 µm) and coarse (MPD = 353 µm) S° blends. Sulfate supply potential and the effects of S° pelletization were studied in the growth chamber with canola as the test crop. An apparent link existed between enhanced S° oxidation rate and a modified surface environment produced by the combination of S° + DDS + Ca(OH)2. Soil amendment with S° blends containing DDS + Ca(OH)2 or Ca(OH)2 showed initial oxidation rates superior to S° alone. Growth chamber observations revealed higher canola yield and sulfate recovery with application of S° blends containing DDS + Ca(OH)2 over S° alone. Attempts at pelletizing the S° blends resulted in improved handling characteristics, but lowered product performance due to poor dispersion in soil. Key words: Elemental sulfur, sewage sludge, oxidation, plant availability

IMPACT OF ELEMENTAL SULFUR FERTILIZATION ON AGRICULTURAL SOILS. II. EFFECTS ON SULFUR-OXIDIZING POPULATIONS AND OXIDATION RATES

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. LAWRENCE ◽  
V. V. S. R. GUPTA ◽  
J. J. GERMIDA
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Fertilizer Efficiency ◽  
Total Sulfur ◽  
Total Sulfur Content ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Sulfur Fertilization

Effects of elemental sulfur fertilization on sulfur-oxidizing populations, rhodanese activity, total sulfur content and sulfur oxidation rates in the 0- to 15-cm zone of two Grey Luvisolic soils were assessed. Heterotrophic sulfur oxidizers were the most abundant sulfur oxidizers detected in both soils. Elemental sulfur fertilization caused an increase in populations of autotrophic thiosulfate-oxidizing micro-organisms, and a threefold increase in rhodanese and sulfur-oxidizing activity in a Waitville soil. In contrast, sulfur fertilization did not stimulate autotrophic thiosulfate oxidizers in a Loon River soil and the greatest increase in rhodanese and sulfur oxidation rates was only 31%. The response to sulfur application was biphasic however, and subsequent additions of sulfur fertilizer resulted in a decline in oxidation rates. Total sulfur content of sulfur-treated soils indicated that most of the sulfur applied was still present in the sampled zone. These results imply that prediction of sulfate release and fertilizer efficiency will be difficult to assess. Key words: Sulfur (elemental), S-oxidation, oxidation rates, rhodanese, sulfur-oxidizing micro-organisms

Enumeration of sulfur-oxidizing populations in Saskatchewan agricultural soils

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Lawrence ◽  
J.J. Germida
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Oxidation Rate ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Sand Content ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
S Oxidation

Heterotrophic and autotrophic sulfur-oxidizing populations in 35 Saskatchewan agricultural soils were enumerated. These populations included heterotrophs that produce thiosulfate and or sulfate during elemental sulfur (S°) oxidation, heterotrophic thiosulfate oxidizers, and autotrophic thiosulfate oxidizers. Populations of Thiobacillus thiooxidans and T. ferrooxidans were not detected in any of the soils tested. Heterotrophs that oxidized S° to thiosulfate as the major oxyanion were the most abundant oxidizers enumerated (107–108 cells g−1) and were found in all soils. Autotrophic thiosulfate-oxidizers were detected in 10 of the soils surveyed. Heterotrophic S° and thiosulfate-oxidizing populations exhibited positive trends with soil pH, total-S, hydriodic reducible-S, and clay content, whereas populations of autotrophic thiosulfate oxidizers were negatively correlated with these factors and positively related to sand content and increasing C:S ratios. In soils containing autotrophic thiosulfate oxidizers the amount of thiosulfate relative to sulfate detected was reduced although no effect on S° oxidation rate was detected. Amendment of 15 selected agricultural soils with 0.5% S° significantly reduced total heterotrophic populations, whereas autotrophic thiosulfate oxidizers increased from undetectable levels to 104 cells g−1. Therefore most Saskatchewan soils contain abundant populations of heterotrophic S° oxidizers, and populations of autotrophs that respond to S° applications. Key words: Sulfur oxidation, autotrophic sulfur oxidizers, heterotrophic sulfur oxidizers, soil properties

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