Influence of sulfur and phosphorus placement, and sulfur particle size, on elemental sulfur oxidation and the growth response of maize (Zea mays)

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rod D. B. Lefroy ◽  
Sholeh ◽  
Graeme Blair
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Root Proliferation ◽  
Split Root ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
Controllable Factors ◽  
S Oxidation

The oxidation rate of elemental sulfur (S) can be manipulated by a number of controllable factors to match formation of sulfate to plant demand. Two of these factors are particle size and the presence of adequate nutrients for the oxidising bacteria. A factorial experiment was conducted in a glasshouse consisting of 3 combinations of S and phosphorus (P) placements × 2 S particle sizes [ 35S-labelled 50–150 µm (fine sulfur, Sf) and 150–250 µm (coarse sulfur, Sc)] × 2 harvesting times of maize (Zea mays) (28 and 56 days). In the 3 fertiliser placement treatments, all of the S was evenly mixed with the soil in the front compartment of a split-root box. The treatments differed in the placement of the P fertiliser: (i) all of the P was applied in the front compartment with the S (SPF); (ii) the P was applied evenly throughout the soil in both compartments (SPFB); and (iii) all of the P was applied in the back compartment (SPB). A high P- and S-sorbing basaltic soil (Haplohumult) from Walcha, New South Wales, was used in the split-root boxes. Plant dry weight and fertiliser S uptake were increased when P was mixed with elemental S. Elemental S oxidation after 28 days was higher when mixed with P than when separated from P, and higher with Sf than with Sc. Root proliferation occurred in direct response to the placement of P. There were significant linear relationships between the amount of applied P in the front compartment and root length and root surface area of the front compartment roots. This study shows that the increase in S uptake by the plant from elemental S when it was mixed with P was due to the combined effect of P on elemental S oxidation and on root proliferation.

Effect of nutrients and elemental sulfur particle size on elemental sulfur oxidation and the growth of Thiobacillus thiooxidans

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sholeh ◽  
Rod D. B. Lefroy ◽  
Graeme J. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Thiobacillus Thiooxidans ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
P Rate ◽  
Oxidation Model ◽  
S Oxidation

Elemental sulfur (S) has many attractions as a fertiliser but it must be oxidised to sulfate before it is plant available. Two laboratory incubation experiments with a high S sorbing basaltic soil (Haplohumult) from Walcha, New South Wales, are reported here. The first experiment was conducted to study the effect of ? P and other nutrients on the oxidation of elemental S and the growth of Thiobacillus thiooxidans. The second experiment studied the effect of phosphorus (P) rate, elemental S particle size, and elemental S form on the oxidation of elemental S at different times. There were significant differences between treatments in the percentage and amount of elemental S oxidised, with the lowest oxidation occurring during the 6-week incubation in the P treatment, which represented 1�8% of the applied S compared with 16�0% when all nutrients were supplied. There was a significant linear relationship between T. thiooxidans population at the end of the incubation period and the amount of elemental S oxidised. The oxidation of elemental S was higher when fine (50?150 �m) particle size elemental S was used, compared with coarse (150?250 �m) elemental S. There was no clear difference in oxidation rate between ground and recrystallised elemental S. The S oxidation rates recorded in these experiments were compared with those predicted by an S oxidation model and found to be in close agreement.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Bone Harvesting Capacity of an Intraoral Bone Harvesting Device and Three Different Implant Drills

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Chang Lim ◽  
Kyung-In Ha ◽  
Ji-Youn Hong ◽  
Ji-Young Han ◽  
Seung-Il Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Volumetric Measurement ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Bone Particle ◽  
Bone Harvesting ◽  
Bone Particles

The aim of the present study was to compare bone-collecting capacity of bone harvesting device and minimally irrigated low-speed drilling using three implant systems. One bone harvesting device and three commercially available drill systems were compared using the osteotomies on bovine rib bones. The amount of the collected bone particle and particle size (<500 μm: small, 500–1000 μm: medium, and >1000 μm: large) were measured. Total wet (1.535±0.232 mL) and dry volume (1.147±0.425 mL) of the bone particles from bone harvesting device were significantly greater than three drill systems (wet volume: 1.225±0.187–1.27±0.29 mL and dry volume: 0.688±0.163–0.74±0.311 mL) (P<0.05). In all groups, the amount of large sized particles in wet and dry state was the greatest compared to that of medium and small particles. The dry weight of the bone particles showed the same tendency to volumetric measurement. In conclusion, total bone particles and large sized particles (>1000 μm) were harvested significantly greater by bone harvesting device than minimally irrigated low-speed drilling. The composition of particle size in all harvesting methods was similar to each other.

EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF INBRED LINES OF CORN AT SUBOPTIMAL ROOT-ZONE TEMPERATURES

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. MENKIR ◽  
E. N. LARTER
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Zone Temperature

Based on the results of an earlier paper, 12 inbred lines of corn (Zea mays L.) were evaluated for emergence and seedling growth at three controlled root-zone temperatures (10, 14, and 18 °C). Low root-zone temperatures, 10 and 14 °C, were detrimental to emergence, seedling growth, and root growth of all inbred lines. Differential responses of inbred lines were observed within each temperature regime. The differences in seedling emergence among lines became smaller with increasing root-zone temperature, while the reverse was true for seedling dry weight. Simple correlation coefficients showed a significantly (P = 0.05) negative association between emergence percentage and emergence index (rate). Neither of these two emergence traits was significantly correlated with seedling dry weights. Seedling dry weights were significantly (P = 0.01) and positively associated with root dry weights. Two inbred lines exhibited good tolerance to low root-zone temperatures, viz. CO255 and RB214. A significant and positive correlation existed between emergence percentage at a root-zone temperature of 10 °C and field emergence in test with the same genotypes reported earlier. Selection at a root-zone temperature of 10 °C for a high percentage of seedling emergence, therefore, could be effective in identifying genotypes capable of germinating in cool soils. Furthermore, the significantly (P = 0.01) positive relationship between seedling dry weights at all root-zone temperatures and those from the field test suggest that strains with vigorous seedling growth in the field could be identified using low root-zone temperature regimes.Key words: Zea mays, root-zone temperature, cold tolerance

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON RATE AND DURATION OF KERNEL DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION OF MAIZE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. TOLLENAAR ◽  
T. W. BRUULSEMA
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Linear Kernel ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Kernel Growth

The response of rate and duration of kernel dry matter accumulation to temperatures in the range 10–25 °C was studied for two maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids grown under controlled-environment conditions. Kernel growth rates during the period of linear kernel growth increased linearly with temperature (b = 0.3 mg kernel−1 d−1 °C−1). Kernel dry weight at physiological maturity varied little among temperature treatments because the increase in kernel growth rate with increase in temperature was associated with a decline in the duration of kernel growth proportional to the increase in kernel growth rate.Key words: Zea mays L, period of linear kernel dry matter accumulation, controlled-environment conditions, kernel growth rate

scholarly journals The Molecular Nature of the Hydrophilic Sulfur Prepared from Aqueous Sulfide and Sulfite (Selmi Sulfur Sol)

1989 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 526-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Steudel ◽  
Thomas Göbel ◽  
Gabriele Holdt
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Reversed Phase Hplc ◽  
Ion Pair Chromatography ◽  
Approximate Composition ◽  
Molecular Nature

Hydrophilic sulfur sols prepared by reaction of aqueous sulfide and sulfite at low pH have been studied by chemical analysis, ion-pair chromatography, and reversed-phase HPLC. The approximate composition of the sol is x(NaHSO4/Na2SO4) ·ySn · zNa2SmO6 with n = 6-10 and m = 4-16. The elemental sulfur Sn accounts for 17% and the polythionate sulfur for 10% of the dry weight (sulfate: 18%). On aging of the sol at 20°C the long-chain polythionates decompose to elemental sulfur and tetrathionate as well as pentathionate. The higher chemical reactivity of this sol compared to S8 is explained by the fact that 45% of the zero oxidation state sulfur (S°) are present as non-S8 molecules.

scholarly journals Sulfur application alleviates chromium stress in maize and wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1093-1104
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Kulczycki ◽  
Elżbieta Sacała
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Cr Content ◽  
Chromium Stress

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the influence of increasing doses of chromium (Cr) (26, 39, and 52 mg kg−1 soil) and elemental sulfur (S) (60 mg kg−1 soil) on growth, yield, and mineral nutrition in wheat and maize. Macro- and micronutrients and Cr concentrations were determined in the aboveground parts of plants. All examined doses of Cr caused a marked decrease in the fresh and dry weight of maize. Wheat was more tolerant than maize, and lower Cr doses caused a small but statistically significant increase in the total yield. Wheat accumulated more than twofold Cr than maize, and the concentrations increased with higher Cr concentrations in the soil. The application of S significantly improved the total biomass production and lowered the Cr content in both plants. Cr changed the mineral nutrition in both cereals, but the pattern of changes observed was not the same. Applying S alleviated some adverse effects caused by the Cr. Hence, it is concluded that the application of elemental S may be an effective strategy to reduce adverse effects in plants grown on soil contaminated by heavy metals, especially Cr.

scholarly journals PRODUKTIVITAS LAHAN DAN NKL PADA TUMPANGSARI TIGA VARIETAS JAGUNG PULUT (Zea mays caratina Kulesh) DENGAN BERBAGAI INTERVAL WAKTU TANAM KACANG TANAH (Archis hipogaea L.) SEBAGAI TANAMAN SELA

AGRICA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristono Yohanes Fowo
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Land Productivity ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Maize Variety ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Cultivation Technology

Land Productivity and NKL on Tumpangsari Three Maize Variety Cultivation (Zea mays caratina Kulesh) With Various Interval Time Plants (Archis hipogaea L.) as Select Plant. This study aims to determine the combination of timing planting and planting techniques that can improve the productivity of land and NKL values ??on the application of intercropping cultivation technology in dry land conditions in Ende-NTT. The experimental design using Division Split Plot (RPT) consists of two factors repeated three times. The treatment of corn varieties (V1: Local varieties, V2: Uri varieties, V3: Binthe Pulu varieties) while planting time was placed as subplot (T1: Maize planted 15 days after peanut planting T2: Corn is grown together with peanut planting T3: Corn is grown 15 days before planting peanuts, as comparison of each treatment is also planted in monculture, so that obtained 31 units of experiment plot The data collection is done by calculating dry weight of seeds produced by all plant crops in the harvest plots, and the crops in the harvest plots. The results show that intercropping crops between pulut and peanut crops in various pulses maize varieties and peanut planting times increased the productivity of the land 1, with the highest land productivity dida The maize varieties of Uri corn is grown simultaneously with groundnut planting (V2T2) of 1.52 and followed by treatment of local varieties of pulutans planted together with peanut plant (V1T2) of 1.46.

scholarly journals Effect of salt stress on some sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata) genotypes

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 993-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Shtereva ◽  
Roumiana Vassilevska-Ivanova ◽  
Tanya Karceva
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Salt Stress Condition ◽  
Salinity Levels

An experiment was carried out hydroponically under laboratory conditions to investigate the effect of salt stress on several physiological and biochemical parameters of three sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata) genotypes: lines 6-13, C-6 (pollen source) and their heterotic F1 hybrid ?Zaharina?. The degree of salinity tolerance among these genotypes was evaluated at three different sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations: 0 mM, 100 mM, 125 mM and 150 mM. Seed germination, plant growth and biochemical stress determining parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA), proline content and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels were compared between seedlings of lines and hybrid. The obtained results indicated that both lines and hybrid have similar responses at different salinity levels for all examined traits. All the seedlings? growth parameters, such as germination percentage, root length, shoot length, root and shoot fresh and dry weight, decreased with increasing salinity level. MDA, proline and H2O2 increased at different saline conditions in comparison to the control. Based on the results, of the three genotypes examined, the hybrid Zaharina, followed by line C-6, was more salt-sensitive than line 6-13 in salt stress condition.

Produksi Xilitol Menggunakan Hidrolisat Tongkol Jagung (Zea mays) Oleh Meyerozyma caribbica InaCC Y67

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Near Putri Faradila Ayu ◽  
N Nurhayati ◽  
Ahmad Thontowi ◽  
Endang Kusdiyantini ◽  
Atit Kanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Xylitol Production ◽  
Fermentation Kinetics ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Production Value ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fermentation Media

Xylitol (C5H12O5) is a non-carcinogenic polyalcoholic sugar. Xylitol is beneficial for diabetics because it can be metabolized without insulin. Corn cobs contain 30% xylose which can be fermented into xylitol by microorganisms. Xylitol can be produced by fermentation of xylose and few microorganisms. Meyerozyma caribbica is a yeast that has been proven to produce xylitol and inhibitor’s resistant. The aim of this research is to test the xylitol productivity by Meyerozyma caribbica InaCC Y67 using corn cobs hydrolyzate and the effect of the volume of fermentation media on xylitol productivity by Meyerozyma caribbica InaCC Y67. The method was carried out by culturing Meyerozyma caribbica InaCC Y67 as a starter on YPD media.  Fermentation using 100 mL Erlenmeyer with the variation of fermentation volume is 10 ml and 75 ml, agitation 175 rpm and 30 oC. Parameters were measured based on the dry weight of cells, xylose and xylitol. Data were analyzed using fermentation kinetics. The results of analysis showed that the higher xylitol production was found in the fermentation volume 75 ml with an efficiency value of 7,171%. The highest xylitol production was at the 48th hour with production value of 2.050 g/L. Results from research shows that Meyerozyma caribbica InaCC Y67 can produce xylitol with corn cobs hydrolyzate. The right volume of fermentation in the fermentation process can also increase the productivity of xylitol.

Konzentration einiger Lipide in den Chloroplasten von Zea mays und Antirrhinum majus / Concentration of Some Lipids in the Chloroplasts of Zea mays and Antirrhinum ma jus

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1180-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friederike Koenig
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Aqueous Medium ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Lamellar System ◽  
Total Leaf

Stroma-containing chloroplasts from Zea mays and Antirrhinum majus were isolated in aqueous medium. The average dry weight of chloroplasts from Zea mays is 27·10-12 g, that of Antirrhinum majus 30·10-12 g. Water freed chloroplasts consist up to 49 or 45 percent respectively of lamellar system. The lipid content of the lamellar system of Zea mays is 49 percent, that of Antirrhinum majus 45 percent. A chloroplast of Zea mays contains on the average 920·106 chlorophyll molecules, 220·106 carotenoid molecules, 2000·106 molecules of galactolipids, 190·106 molecules of sulpholipid, 260·106 phosphatide molecules and 64·106 molecules of lipophilic quinones. In addition to phosphatidylglycerol also phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine were found. It is very probable that besides vitamin K1 the homologeous compound lacking one methylgroup is present in the chloroplasts. In contrast to the literature only 62 percent of the total leaf galactolipids are found in the chloroplasts.

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