Melbourne's Water Catchments

Author(s):  
James Viggers ◽  
Haylee Weaver ◽  
David Lindenmayer

This book charts the history of the water catchments and water supply for the city of Melbourne, which has many unique aspects that are a critical part of the history of Melbourne, Victoria and Australia. Much of the development of the water supply system was many decades ahead of its time and helped buffer the city of Melbourne from major diseases, droughts and water shortages. The authors present a chronology of the evolution of the catchment and water supply system pre-1900 to today. They discuss major developments, policies, and construction and management activities. Each chapter is illustrated with historical black and white images as well as newly taken photos that contrast present scenes with those from the past. Chapters also include many fascinating stories of life within the water catchments and working for the Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works. Finally, the book includes many extraordinary insights into current and future issues with Melbourne’s water supply, including issues associated with the highly controversial North-South Pipeline and the desalination plant.

Author(s):  
Ю.А. Егорова ◽  
Т.А. Стрелкова ◽  
О.И. Нестеренко

Представлена история создания и развития водоснабжения в г. Самаре. Современному жителю большого города сейчас трудно понять, но на протяжении нескольких столетий Самара испытывала серьезные проблемы из-за хронической нехватки воды. В город, стоящий между двумя реками, воду ежедневно доставляли многочисленные водовозы на конных повозках в бочках и прочих емкостях. Самара была беспомощна перед регулярно вспыхивавшими в ней пожарами, от которых периодически город выгорал почти целиком. Такая ситуация продолжалась почти до конца XIX века. Попытки построить водопровод в Самаре были, но оказались неудачными. В 1881 г. в журнале «Зодчий» был объявлен конкурс на составление технического проекта устройства водоснабжения г. Самары, в июне 1883 г. на конкурс было представлено 11 проектов. После их обсуждения первую премию в 3000 руб. получил проект заведующего московскими водопроводами инженера Николая Петровича Зимина. Строительство самарского водопровода началось сразу же после подписания договора с компанией «Торговый дом братьев Бромлей и К°» на выполнение работ. И уже 1 октября 1886 г. началась подача воды на главные улицы города. Благодаря уникальным инженерным решениям Н. П. Зимина в Самаре стал действовать оборудованный по последнему слову техники первый в России противопожарный водопровод. В то время только некоторые города Европы имели это чудо техники. Сейчас история самарского водопровода насчитывает 135 лет. Для сохранения истории создания системы водоснабжения города с 13 июля 2018 г. на площадке Городской водопроводной станции действует музей истории самарского водопровода «На Дне». Современная водопроводная система городского округа Самара снабжает питьевой водой более 1,2 млн жителей. Развитие продолжается. The history of the creation and development of the water supply in Samara is presented. It is difficult for a modern resident of a large city to understand now; however, for several centuries Samara has experienced serious problems due to a persistent deficit of water. Numerous water carriers on horse-drawn carriages in barrels and other containers delivered water to the city located between two rivers. Samara was helpless before the fires that regularly flared up in it that resulted in almost entire city burning out. This situation preserved almost until the end of the 19th century. There were attempts, however unsuccessful, to build a water supply system in Samara. In 1881, the Zodchii magazine announced a competition to draw up a technical project for a water supply system for the city of Samara; in June 1883, 11 projects were submitted for the competition. After appropriate reviewing, the first prize of 3000 rubles was awarded to the project by engineer Nikolai Petrovich Zimin, the head of the Moscow water supply system. The construction of the Samara water supply system started immediately after the signing of an agreement with the company «Trading House of Brothers Bromley and Co.» for the execution of works. And already on October 1, 1886, the water supply to the main streets of the city began. Owing to the unique engineering solutions of N. P. Zimin, the first fire-fighting water supply system in Russia, equipped with a state-of-the-art-infrastructure was commissioned in Samara. At that time, only a few cities in Europe had this marvel of engineering. Now the history of the Samara water supply system goes back 135 years. To preserve the history of the creation of the municipal water supply system, «Na Dne» («At the Bottom») museum of the history of the Samara water supply system has been operating since July 13, 2018 at the premises of the municipal water treatment plant. The modern water supply system of the Samara urban district supplies drinking water to more than 1.2 million residents. Development continues.


Author(s):  
А.М. Седов

Представлена история первого в Российской империи городского уездного водопровода в городе Муроме. Рассматривается ситуация по обеспечению питьевой водой в конце XIX – начале XX века. Приведены новые сведения об инженере Е. И. Ержемском – авторе проекта «Ермаковского» водопровода. Описаны основные архитектурно-композиционные решения и оригинальные элементы декоративного оформления фасадов водонапорной башни. Адресовано историкам, искусствоведам, архитекторам, работникам органов государственной власти и местного самоуправления, а также читателям, интересующимся историко-культурным наследием России. The history of the first urban district water supply system in the city of Murom in the Russian Empire is presented. The situation with drinking water supply in the late 19th – early 20th centuries is considered. Fresh information about engineer E. I. Yerzhemsky – the author of the project of the Ermakovskii water supply system is presented. The main architectural and compositional solutions and original elements of the decorative design of the facades of the water tower are described. The paper addresses historians, art experts, architects, employees of state authorities and local government, as well as readers interested in the historical and cultural heritage of Russia.


2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1259-1264
Author(s):  
Kiril Lisichkov ◽  
Katerina Atkovska ◽  
Neven Trajchevski ◽  
Orce Popovski ◽  
Nadica Todorovska

The presence of some chemical compounds at higher levels than maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) in the drinking water, suggests of water resources pollution. In this paper the following elements were analyzed: total arsenic, cadmium, lead, cooper and zinc. Twelve samples of water from the water supply system from the city of Skopje were examined during one year from three different springs. Also, ten samples of bottled water from three producers from the Macedonian market were tested.The determined average mass concentrations of total As, Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) in the analyzed water samples from the water supply system are 1.35 μg/l, 0.06 μg/l, 0.6 μg/l, 0.9 μg/l and 1,12 μg/l, respectively, and for the tested bottled water, the mean values ranges from 0.56 - 0.83 μg total As / l, 0.053 - 0.056 μg Cd(II)/l, 0.51 - 0.54 μg Pb(II)/l , 0.6 - 0.87 μg Cu(II)/l and 0.68 - 0.8 μg Zn(II)/l water.The following instrumental analytical methods and techniques were used for the analysis of the tested samples of drinking water: flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic absorption spectroscopy with hydride cеll, electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy.The obtained results are shown in tables and graphic form. According to the obtained results a comparative analysis was carried out indicate that it is a water of good quality that can be used in different branches of the process industry.The obtained results in this paper do not exceed the values of the MPC of the Republic of Macedonia prescribed by the legal regulations for the drinking water, which confirm the health safety of the drinking water from the water supply system in the city of Skopje and the packed waters from the Macedonian market in relation to the tested elements.


2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 626-637
Author(s):  
Ali Uyumaz ◽  
İsmail Dabanlı

The city of Istanbul has important water system remnants from old civilizations among which water line systems begun with Byzantine period and continued during Ottoman era, including Kırkçeşme water supply system. The original gallery structure within the Kırkçeşme system has been altered with time at some places as a result of necessary planning activities, restoration and repair works. All these activities helped to keep almost the system originality. Since its first opening in 1564, its discharge increased steadily as a result of additional drainage feeding line connections to the main gallery. However, through time only a couple of the 570 additional lines have remained in operation. Although other similar establishments have perished in time without leaving even traces, the Kırkçeşme system is its vivid and harmonious appearance in front of eyes even today. Four dams were constructed at the most convenient locations along the water supply lines from 1620 to 1818. The water from the streams was collected during the rainy season and discharged to the city at times of need with increasing capacity. In general, the Kırkçeşme system has two branches: one extends towards the east, which seemed to have more water, due to its feedback from the Kirazlı, Topuz and Paşa tributaries of the Kağıthane stream; the other branch is westwards which is fed by the Ayvad Deresi, Orta Dere and Bakraç Dere tributaries of the Kağıthane stream. All the water are brought together at Başhavuz (main pool) south of Kemerburgaz, where they collectively enter the main supply line crossing the Alibey Stream over the Mağlova Aqueduct, and then joining a branch from the Cebeciköy Stream and finally flow in towards the south. In a historical document called Tezkiret'ül Bünyan, (The Book of Structures) the author states that Sinan pledged to the Sultan about the existence of some old waterways. However, the Roman waterway still remains in the vicinity of Cebeciköy, which is located at a higher elevation than the Kırkçeşme water supply line but ran parallel to it. The water supply system should have integrated perspective for operation and maintenances. On the other hand, standing structures give to humanity the impression that the stability and design carry not only water, but also valuable cultural heritage. Moreover, they connect many civilizations with each other and also past as well as future.


2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Janusz R. Rak ◽  
Izabela Piegdoń ◽  
Karolina Homa

Abstract In this study the methodology of balancing water needs in a crisis situation was presented. The example was done for city of Rzeszow. The municipal infrastructure: water supply system, sewage system, gas network, heating and energy systems was shortly characterized. The research undertaken in this study was related to Systemic Crisis Management and protection of the inhabitants of the city. The balance of emergency water supply Rzeszow in drinking water for the 29 neighborhoods of the city was shown.


Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3550
Author(s):  
David Honek ◽  
Milena Forejtníková ◽  
Miloš Rozkošný ◽  
Aleš Vyskočil

This paper provides a detailed look into the historical development of the water supply system of a big industrial city and its impact on the river environment and needs of the wastewater treatment system. The city of Brno, Czech Republic, was chosen for this study because it has a long history in the field of water supply, and the city has changed rapidly over the last 200 years. The city’s development necessitated an adaptation of drinking water sources, most significantly the use of the Březová nad Svitavou facility, which resulted in a change of condition of the Svitava River. The notable decrease in river flow, aided by industrial development of settlements within the Svitava River catchment between 1850 and 1950, strongly contributed to the spread of river pollution. However, the construction of wastewater treatment plants during recent decades led to a restoration of river quality and, consequently, of the entire environment of the Svitava River catchment. This paper also presents a view on activities connected with the long term surface water quality monitoring and improvement with regard to water quality conditions in spring areas and the river network influenced by the water supply system.


2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-190
Author(s):  
B. Haut ◽  
D. Viviers

In this paper, the flow of water in several elements of the water supply system of the city of Apamea is simulated. The studied elements were used at the end of the 6th century AD (Byzantine period). These simulations allow for the analysis of the water supply system from a modern point of view, in terms of water flow rate, energy loss, etc. This analysis provides a quantitative description of the water supply system of the city, supplementing the field observations.


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