Plot Scale Models and Their Application to Recharge Studies - Part 10

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Walker ◽  
L Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Specific Technique ◽  
Deep Drainage ◽  
Test Models ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Or Modelling

Each booklet in The Basics of Recharge and Discharge series covers a specific technique for detecting, measuring or modelling groundwater recharge and discharge. Part 10 provides an overview of the use of plot scale models in estimating deep drainage. This booklet explains how such models can add understanding to deep drainage studies. It describes the different broad types of plot-scale models that are available and how they can be most appropriately used. Throughout the booklet, clear examples demonstrate the potential applications for a range of simulation models. They contrast the features and capabilities of the models and illustrate what can be achieved through modelling. The chapter finishes by describing how to test models and where to find more information on the models most commonly used in Australia.

Potential groundwater recharge from deep drainage of irrigation water

2020 ◽  
Vol 716 ◽  
pp. 137105
Author(s):  
Majid Altafi Dadgar ◽  
Mohammad Nakhaei ◽  
Jahangir Porhemmat ◽  
Bijan Eliasi ◽  
Asim Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Deep Drainage ◽  
Potential Groundwater

Comparison of Two Simulation Models for Calculating Groundwater Recharge and Evapotranspiration

1983 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-686
Author(s):  
Wilhelmus H. M. Duynisveld ◽  
Manfred Renger ◽  
Otto Strebel
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Simulation Models

A Study of Direct Solar Radiation Transmission in Asymmetrical Multi-span Greenhouses using Scale Models and Simulation Models

2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Soriano ◽  
J.I. Montero ◽  
M.C. Sánchez-Guerrero ◽  
E. Medrano ◽  
A. Antón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Direct Solar Radiation ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Radiation Transmission

scholarly journals Model Test of the Effect of River Sinuosity on Nitrogen Purification Efficiency

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1677
Author(s):  
Chenguang Xiao ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Xianjiang Yuan ◽  
Ruidong Chen ◽  
Xia Song
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Models ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
River Pollution ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Test Models ◽  
Physical Laboratory ◽  
Water Test ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Nitrogen Purification

River pollution is a significant problem within the urbanization process in China. Nitrogen is one of the most important pollutants in rivers, and the nitrogen purification capacity of rivers can be affected by their sinuous morphology. In this study, a set of sandy circulating water test models was constructed, consisting of four river channel simulation models with sinuosities of 1.0, 1.4, 1.8, and 2.2. Each model was then infused with the same concentration of nitrogen-polluted water, which circulated for 52 h. The nitrogen reduction processes of rivers with different sinuosities were studied through water quality monitoring. The positive correlation between river sinuosity and nitrogen purification capacity was verified in physical laboratory test models. The effect of sinuosity on the spatiotemporal distribution of total nitrogen in pore water was confirmed. Additionally, the near-shore substrate was more involved in the process of river self-purification than the far-shore substrate. The concave bank of the sinuous rivers was more prone to pollutant accumulation and had a higher purification capacity than the convex bank. After the polluted water entered the sinuous channel systems, pollutant concentration differed within the convex bank between the more polluted upstream section and the less polluted downstream section. This study lays a foundation for studying the mechanism by which river sinuosity influences self-purification capacity.

Pictorial Simulation Applied to Water Quality Modeling

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Câmara ◽  
F. C. Ferreira ◽  
J. E. Fialho ◽  
E. Nobre
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Water Quality Modeling ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Quality Modeling ◽  
Potential Applications

Pictorial simulation models considering pictorial entities and operations are introduced. Pictorial entities are defined by their shape, size, color and position. Pictorial operators include reproduction (copy of a pictorial entity), mutation (expansion, rotation, translation, change in color), fertile encounters (intersection, reunion) and sterile encounters (absorption). Pictorial simulation is applied to two water quality management problems to illustrate its potential applications: oil spill accidents and waste stabilization ponds ecology. Future developments tied to cellular automata modeling are also discussed.

New Techniques for Measuring Film Cooling Effectiveness

1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Blair ◽  
R. D. Lander
Keyword(s):  
Film Cooling ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Film Cooling Effectiveness ◽  
Rigid Foam ◽  
Test Models ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Infrared Radiometer

Techniques to measure local film effectiveness distributions on large-scale models of turbine blade and vane sections were developed for use in subsonic, room-temperature wind-tunnel environments. Highly detailed film cooling effectiveness distributions were obtained on near-adiabatic, cast rigid foam test models using infrared radiometer scanning techniques. Sample results from both flat-plate film cooling studies and airfoil leading-edge film cooling studies are presented.

A centrifugal model study of slope instability in Ottawa area Champlain Sea clay

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Goodings ◽  
A. N. Schofield
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Models ◽  
Horizontal Stress ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Geotechnical Centrifuge ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Scale Modelling ◽  
Centrifugal Model ◽  
Reduced Scale

Problems of serious slope instability in quick Champlain Sea clay, also known as Leda clay, found in eastern Canada, have been the subject of debate regarding mechanisms of failure and relevant strength characteristics. Eight intact samples of Ottawa area Champlain Sea clay were retrieved, formed into 19 different slope configurations, and tested as reduced-scale models on the Cambridge University 4.25 m diameter 150 g geotechnical centrifuge. Of these, 14 showed some manner of slope instability, ranging from deep intact slope movement, to slope degradation, to flowsliding. Speculation is made on the importance of time-dependent horizontal stress release, on the possibility that prototype failure is not circular and rotational, and that uplift may affect subsequent retrogressions in prototypical landslides but not initial failure. Inconsistencies in the behaviours of models were attributed in part to certain possible limitations on reduced-scale modelling; these included the effects of the unscaled network of fissures and the loss of strength as a function of displacement rather than of strain. Key words: centrifuge, clays, failures, simulation models, slope stability.

scholarly journals Influence of scale on the daylighting system evaluation in physical models: Experimental method based on objective and subjective measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 2042 (1) ◽  
pp. 012121
Author(s):  
Safa Daich ◽  
Mohamed Yacine Saadi ◽  
Barbara E.A Piga ◽  
Ahmed Motie Daiche
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Subjective Evaluations ◽  
Test Models ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Illuminance Level ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Sky Conditions

Abstract The daylight evaluation in architectural spaces can be carried out using several tools and methods of investigation and analysis. However, many types of research have proven the usefulness of the scale models to evaluate daylighting system performances in buildings. Several scales of a physical model have been used varying between (1:50) and real scale (1:1), and no comparative study has been done to evaluate the effect of the model size in daylighting assessment. The objective of this investigation is to make a comparison between two different scales of a physical model: the first one is a model with a scale of (1:12) while the second is with the scale of (1: 4), aiming to study the scale effects on daylight perception with models equipped with a daylighting system under very high exterior illuminance levels. The methodology of this study consists in collecting simultaneously the measurement of the exterior and interior illuminance level (lux) and subjective evaluations from a questionnaire survey with the two scale models (1:4 and 1:12) under real sky conditions. A correlation between collected data has been explored. Comparing the measurement results, it is obvious that the quantity of light that penetrates the test models (1:4 and 1:12) was the same. The results are with a range of ±1.6%. Moreover, survey results show that the participants’ perceptions regarding satisfaction, light distribution and glare questions differ with the scale of the physical 3D model. The subjects felt more satisfied with the luminous atmosphere with the physical model of (1:4) compared with the model of (1:12).

scholarly journals Alternativa energética sustentable mediante la utilización de aislantes térmicos de diferentes materiales en edificaciones con sistemas de aire acondicionado

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Edzel Jair Casados-López ◽  
Alvaro Casados-Sánchez ◽  
Raúl Cruz-Vicencio ◽  
Alvaro Horst-Sánche
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Test Models ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Conditioning Equipment ◽  
Actual Energy Consumption ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
The City

A methodology is proposed for calculating the cooling load and the energy consumption of air conditioning equipment in three scale models of buildings under study, using the ASHRAE CLTD / SCL / CLF method. The building in which the mentioned method is used are three scale models of buildings located in the city of Poza Rica, state of Veracruz, Mexico. This method is applied in order to obtain the cooling load as exact as possible and thus avoid oversizing in air conditioning equipment, and by using thermal insulation, achieve a decrease in energy consumption and thus contribute to the reduction of CO2 emissions, to energy saving and therefore to sustainable development. The cooling load is calculated by applying the proposed methodology to three cases: model A, B and C. The results for the three test models, object of this study, are compared. Measurements of energy consumption are made to perform the error analysis of the actual energy consumption with respect to that calculated using the method. Finally, energy savings are quantified, in the cases mentioned.

Tree clearing and dryland salinity hazard in the Upper Burdekin Catchment of North Queensland

Soil Research ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 785 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Williams ◽  
E. N. Bui ◽  
E. A. Gardner ◽  
Mark Littleboy ◽  
M. E. Probert
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Deep Drainage ◽  
Dryland Salinity ◽  
Salinity Hazard ◽  
Red Earth ◽  
Salt Distribution

This paper provides experimental data on the effect of tree clearing, introduction of perennial Stylosanthes based pastures, and the use of native grasses on the water balance of a red earth soil in the Upper Burdekin Catchment near Charters Towers. The water balance simulation models SWIM and PERFECT are used to extend the results and estimate deep drainage for this and other soils in this tropical environment. The analysis illustrates that the soil/climate interaction in the wet/dry tropics has a similarity with the winter-dominant rainfall zone where vegetation change can substantially increase deep drainage beyond the root-zone. Salt distribution in the soil/landscapes of the Upper Burdekin suggests that there is a salinity hazard, should a significant shift in the water balance occur as a result of tree clearing. Therefore, in the Upper Burdekin Catchment of North Queensland, indiscriminate tree clearing is a hazardous form of land management and should only proceed after the risks of dryland salinity have been evaluated and shown to be negligible.

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