Chironomids: From Genes to Ecosystems

1995 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Chironomid Larvae ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Genes To Ecosystems ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Northern And Southern Hemispheres

The Chironomidae popularly are called "non-biting midges" to distinguish them from their biting relatives. Although the impact of these flies excludes human-feeding and disease transmission, chironomids are still the subject of much study. This book presents current research on topics such as the use of chironomid larvae in pollution monitoring; austral chironomid patterns; biology and control; chironomid communities and auto-ecology; morphology and systematics of chironomids. The value of chironomids and other aquatic biota in the monitoring of waterway health is emphasised with reviews from both the northern and southern hemispheres.

scholarly journals The impact of surveillance and control on highly pathogenic avian inuenza outbreaks in poultry in Dhaka division, Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward M. Hill ◽  
Thomas House ◽  
Madhur S. Dhingra ◽  
Wantanee Kalpravidh ◽  
Subhash Morzaria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
H5n1 Influenza ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn Bangladesh, the poultry industry is an economically and socially important sector, but it is persistently threatened by the effects of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza. Thus, identifying the optimal control policy in response to an emerging disease outbreak is a key challenge for policy-makers. To inform this aim, a common approach is to carry out simulation studies comparing plausible strategies, while accounting for known capacity restrictions. In this study we perform simulations of a previously developed H5N1 influenza transmission model framework, fitted to two separate historical outbreaks, to assess specific control objectives related to the burden or duration of H5N1 outbreaks among poultry farms in the Dhaka division of Bangladesh. In particular, we explore the optimal implementation of ring culling, ring vaccination and active surveillance measures when presuming disease transmission predominately occurs from premises-to-premises, versus a setting requiring the inclusion of external factors. Additionally, we determine the sensitivity of the management actions under consideration to differing levels of capacity constraints and outbreaks with disparate transmission dynamics. While we find that reactive culling and vaccination policies should pay close attention to these factors to ensure intervention targeting is optimised, across multiple settings the top performing control action amongst those under consideration were targeted proactive surveillance schemes. Our findings may advise the type of control measure, plus its intensity, that could potentially be applied in the event of a developing outbreak of H5N1 amongst originally H5N1 virus-free commercially-reared poultry in the Dhaka division of Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Holistic control of ship noise emissions

Noise Mapping ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Borelli ◽  
Tomaso Gaggero ◽  
Enrico Rizzuto ◽  
Corrado Schenone
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Noise Emission ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Project Outcome ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe sustainability of anthropogenic activities at sea is recently gaining more and more attention. As regards shipping, emissions from ships into the environment of various nature (engine exhaust gases, anti-fouling paints leaching, ballast exchange, releases at sea of oil and other noxious liquid or solid cargoes, of sewage and of garbage) have been recognized as sources of pollution and therefore controlled and limited since a long time. The subject of noise emission has been identified only recently. To study the problem, the EU has funded, among others, the FP7 SILENV (Ship Innovative soLutions to rEduce Noise and Vibrations) project that run from 2010 to 2012. In the present work, the holistic approach followed within the project to characterize and control the ship as a source of noise is presented. Three types of noise emissions (in air, in water and inside the ship) are analyzed highlighting peculiarities and different strategies adopted to characterize the source, the impact on the receiver and the possible solutions to set limits to the ship emissions. The project outcome included a socalled “Green Label”: a set of new prenormative requirements defined for the three main areas mentioned above.

scholarly journals Brain and learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-132
Author(s):  
Angelica Maria Sabando Suarez ◽  
Maria Elena Moya Martinez ◽  
Luis Raul Meza Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
The Body ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Bibliographic Reference ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Coordination And Control

The brain is an important organ that directs all the actions of the body and the intervention that it has in human behavior, is fundamental for the analysis of the subject since by means of its study it can be analyzed its structure, functioning, coordination, and control. Exercises in different actions, where they link the knowledge of What is the brain?. What is learning?. And What is neuroscience? to recognize the impact they exert on the daily actions of the human being. The present work uses the bibliographic reference where the information will have sustained, which aims to define the importance of the Brain and its relationship in learning activities, through experience and knowledge. Finally, the conclusions of the work ha exposed, where technological and scientific advances have detailed with respect to the importance of the brain in the learning and teaching processes, from different sciences, understanding the importance and development of the knowledge.

scholarly journals Lifting mobility restrictions and the induced short-term dynamics of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Santana-Cibrian ◽  
Manuel A. Acuna-Zegarra ◽  
Jorge X. Velasco-Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Epidemic Curve ◽  
Effective Contact ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

SARS-CoV-2 has now infected 15 million people and produced more than six hundred thousand deaths around the world. Due to high transmission levels, many governments implemented social-distancing measures and confinement with different levels of required compliance to mitigate the COVID-19 epidemic. In several countries, these measures were effective, and it was possible to flatten the epidemic curve and control it. In others, this objective was not or has not been achieved. In far to many cities around the world rebounds of the epidemic are occurring or, in others, plateau-like states have appeared where high incidence rates remain constant for relatively long periods of time. Nonetheless, faced with the challenge of urgent social need to reactivate their economies, many countries have decided to lift mitigation measures at times of high incidence. In this paper, we use a mathematical model to characterize the impact of short duration transmission events within the confinement period previous but close to the epidemic peak. The model describes too, the possible consequences on the disease dynamics after mitigation measures are lifted. We use Mexico City as a case study. The results show that events of high mobility may produce either a later higher peak, a long plateau with relatively constant but high incidence or the same peak as in the original baseline epidemic curve, but with a post-peak interval of slower decay. Finally, we also show the importance of carefully timing the lifting of mitigation measures. If this occurs during a period of high incidence, then the disease transmission will rapidly increase, unless the effective contact rate keeps decreasing, which will be very difficult to achieve once the population is released.

scholarly journals The Impact of Economic Crises on Communicable Disease Transmission and Control: A Systematic Review of the Evidence

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. e20724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Suhrcke ◽  
David Stuckler ◽  
Jonathan E. Suk ◽  
Monica Desai ◽  
Michaela Senek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Problematyka imperium Państwowej Inspekcji Pracy na przykładzie wystąpienia inspektora pracy

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-144
Author(s):  
Michał Sobol
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Specific Measure ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Employment Rights ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Legal Consequences ◽  
Legal Measure

The labour inspector’s statement constitutes a non-statutory form of enforcing labour rights. In this context, we can see a variety of problems related both to the impact of the legal measure itself, appealing against it, as well as to the role it plays in ensuring compliance with employment rights. The jurisprudence and literature to date indicates explicitly that the employer’s failure to comply with the content of the labour inspector’s speech does not give rise to any negative legal consequences. Nevertheless, employers who do not agree with the solutions recommended by the authority through the labour inspector’s speech perceive this specific measure as a special type of decision. The decision itself, in turn, seems to be a natural manifestation of the state, the authority indicating to the subject of law the individual directions of its behaviour. However, this is, in fact, a different act. The article doubts the implementation of the model of labour supervision and control assumed by the legislator in the light of the measure outlined in the labour inspector’s speech. As a result, allowing this measure to be left to the inspector’s discretionary use may lead to the reinforcement of the feeling of a lack of efficiency on the part of the state bodies in the field of protection of workers’ rights, especially that the cases of its use are an open catalogue, which includes issues such as working time or the employment of young people. In order to better understand these trends, two examples are discussed where the National Labour Inspectorate had an impact on situations of a gross violation of labour law standards. A de lege ferenda direction has also been indicated, which means the creation of the institution of “re-inspection” of the employer. The existence of a non-authoritative “recommendation”, which is a statement by the labour inspector, is in fact a manifestation of the implementation of Article 17, paragraph 2 of the ILO Convention No. 81, which would not be incompatible with the consequence in the form of addressing a statement.

scholarly journals The exacerbation of Ebola outbreaks by conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (48) ◽  
pp. 24366-24372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad R. Wells ◽  
Abhishek Pandey ◽  
Martial L. Ndeffo Mbah ◽  
Bernard-A. Gaüzère ◽  
Denis Malvy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The interplay between civil unrest and disease transmission is not well understood. Violence targeting healthcare workers and Ebola treatment centers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has been thwarting the case isolation, treatment, and vaccination efforts. The extent to which conflict impedes public health response and contributes to incidence has not previously been evaluated. We construct a timeline of conflict events throughout the course of the epidemic and provide an ethnographic appraisal of the local conditions that preceded and followed conflict events. Informed by temporal incidence and conflict data as well as the ethnographic evidence, we developed a model of Ebola transmission and control to assess the impact of conflict on the epidemic in the eastern DRC from April 30, 2018, to June 23, 2019. We found that both the rapidity of case isolation and the population-level effectiveness of vaccination varied notably as a result of preceding unrest and subsequent impact of conflict events. Furthermore, conflict events were found to reverse an otherwise declining phase of the epidemic trajectory. Our model framework can be extended to other infectious diseases in the same and other regions of the world experiencing conflict and violence.

A "The effect of the preventive learning method on the acquisition of the Arabic grammar subject among students of the literary fourth grade"

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 97-129
Author(s):  
INTISAR JAWAD ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Preparatory School ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: The research aims to identify the technique of mastery of learning in the acquisition of grammar subject Arabic for students of the fourth literary in light of the reasons for the weakness of the students in terms of the nature of the subject Arabic for students of the fourth literary in light of the reasons for the weakness of the students in terms of the nature of the subject Teaching and its strategies, as well as weakness in preparing the school well for the subject itself. The importance of the Arabic language and the Arabic language, especially the grammar of the Arabic language, because it is the backbone of the language in The light of the aim of the research and the identification of the effect of the technique of mastery of learning in the collection of Arabic grammar The method of the research sample based on the experimental curriculum and on a sample of fifty distributed students They have two experimental and control groups, and they are a group of students from Al-Ghazaliya Preparatory School for Girls The General Directorate of Education in Al-Karkh first has the authority to rely on the material prescribed by the Ministry of Education and they are Seven topics and after applying the statistical post test to the research sample and in light of an explanation Result: The null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis is retained. The research also reached a set of proposals and they are - Conducting a study similar to the current study For male students within the second semester - conduct a study similar to the current study to see its impact For male students within the second semester - conduct a study similar to the current study to see its impact The other Arabic language, such as “Rhetoric, Literature and Criticism.” He reached the following conclusions: - The : - This method is effective in the experimental program within the limits in which the current study was carried out in raising The educational attainment level of the fourth-grade literary students in the "Arabic grammar subject" in the budget With the usual (standard) method for the same material - it also shows the size of the impact of the teaching steps on according to The technique of achievement is great - that what the student concludes by herself will last longer Which is given to her ready. And he reached a set of recommendations, they are: - Consideration should be given to using more than this method In the course of teaching, especially the artistic method, which is one of the effective methods that give an opportunity Participation and diversification by displaying the readable material - Building a guide for teachers with modern teaching strategies Special in systematic teaching. - The need to prepare training programs for teachers and teachers to train them on How to apply professional methods in teaching them key words: The experiment was conducted in Al-Ghazaliya Preparatory School for Girls on two experimental and control groups The Artistic method is: It is the creation of an organizational structure for the work of the group of learners, even All group members immerse themselves in learning according to clearly defined and defined roles The sample is fifty students

scholarly journals The Educational Interrelation of Narrative Creativity and Written Expression Dimensions as an Innovative and Didactic Process in Learning a Foreign Language

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7274
Author(s):  
Tatjana Portnova ◽  
José Luis Ortega-Martín ◽  
Félix Zurita-Ortega ◽  
Gabriel González-Valero
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Written Expression ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Creative Imagination ◽  
School Students ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the present study was to analyze the impact of narrative creativity on the subject of written foreign languages in secondary school students. A quasi-experimental longitudinal study was conducted with 117 students of 14–15 years of age in two secondary schools in Andalusia (Spain) with experimental and control groups. The tools used were a writing expression analysis tool designed by the authors and the Creative Imagination for Youngsters Test (Prueba de Imaginación Creativa para Jóvenes, PIC-J). The results showed that the participants of the experimental groups improved in terms of the originality and usage of variables of imaginary elements. We also found gender differences—in favor of female students—in the experimental groups in terms of foreign language improvement during the study. Finally, there was a slight interrelation of students with higher narrative creativity showing greater improvements in their written expression skills.

CONTROL STRATEGIES of HEPATITIS B WITH THREE CONTROL VARIABLES

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ALTAF KHAN ◽  
SAEED ISLAM ◽  
JOSE C. VALVERDE ◽  
SHER AFZAL KHAN
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Educational Campaign ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we present a compartmental mathematical model of hepatitis B virus with optimal control strategies. First, we formulate the model applying the optimal control techniques which use control variables in the form of isolation, educational campaign and vaccination. We derive the conditions under which it is optimal to eradicate the disease and examine the impact of possible vaccination treatment strategies on disease transmission. When such an elimination is impossible, we use the techniques of Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle to derive the necessary conditions for the optimal control problem. The numerical results show that some effective vaccination and control can reduce the disease spread in the community.

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