Soil Physical Measurement and Interpretation for Land Evaluation

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil McKenzie ◽  
Keppel Coughlan ◽  
Hamish Cresswell
Keyword(s):  
Pore Space ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Land Evaluation ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Physical Measurement ◽  
Soil Physics ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Practical Guidelines ◽  
Conductivity Water

Soil physical measurements are essential for solving many natural resource management problems. This operational laboratory and field handbook provides, for the first time, a standard set of methods that are cost-effective and well suited to land resource survey. It provides: practical guidelines on the soil physical measurements across a range of soils, climates and land uses; straightforward descriptions for each method (including common pitfalls) that can be applied by people with a rudimentary knowledge of soil physics, and guidelines on the interpretation of results and integration with land resource assessment. Soil Physical Measurement And Interpretation for Land Evaluation begins with an introduction to land evaluation and then outlines procedures for field sampling. Twenty detailed chapters cover pore space relations, water retention, hydraulic conductivity, water table depth, dispersion, aggregation, particle size, shrinkage, Atterburg limits and strength. The book includes procedures for estimating soil physical properties from more readily available data and shows how soil physical data can be integrated into land planning and management decisions.

scholarly journals Study on microcrystalline cellulose/chitosan blend foam gel material

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 424-432
Author(s):  
Hongkai Zhao ◽  
Kehan Zhang ◽  
Shoupeng Rui ◽  
Peipei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Water ◽  
Aldehyde Group ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Bet Analysis

AbstractIn the present contribution, an environmental-friendly and cost-effective adsorbent was reported for soil treatment and desertification control. A novel foam gel material was synthesized here by the physical foaming in the absence of catalyst. By adopting modified microcrystalline cellulose and chitosan as raw materials and sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) as foaming agent, a microcrystalline cellulose/chitosan blend foam gel was synthesized. It is expected to replace polymers derived from petroleum for agricultural applications. In addition, a systematical study was conducted on the adsorbability, water holding capacity and re-expansion performance of foam gel in deionized water and brine under different SDS concentrations (2%–5%) as well as adsorption time. To be specific, the adsorption capacity of foam gel was up to 105g/g in distilled water and 54g/g in brine, indicating a high water absorption performance. As revealed from the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, both the amino group of chitosan and the aldehyde group modified by cellulose were involved. According to the results of Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, the foam gel was found to exhibit an interconnected pore network with uniform pore space. As suggested by Bet analysis, the macroporous structure was formed in the sample, and the pore size ranged from 0 to 170nm. The mentioned findings demonstrated that the foam gel material of this study refers to a potential environmental absorbent to improve soil and desert environments. It can act as a powerful alternative to conventional petroleum derived polymers.

Micromorphology of soil structure - Description, quantification, application

Soil Research ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 777 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Ringrose-Voase
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Undisturbed Samples ◽  
Structure Description ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Pore Types ◽  
Soil Behaviour

Micromorphological observation can provide insights into soil structure and aid interpretation of soil behaviour. Undisturbed samples are taken in the field and impregnated. They are used to prepare thin sections or images of the macropore structure using fluorescent photography. Sections can also be obtained at macro, meso and submicroscopic scales. The various elements of soil structure observed micromorphologically can be classified into pore space, physical, distribution and orientation fabrics, and associated structures. Examples of the importance of features in each category are given. Image analysis, especially when computerized, provides a way of parameterizing micromorphological observations. To date it has been used primarily on images of macropore space at the meso and microscopic scales. Such images can be digitized and segmented to show pore space and solid. The pore space can be allocated to pore types. This aids the estimation of 3-D parameters from I-D and 2-D measurements made on the image using stereology. Various ways of using structural parameters to compare structures are discussed. Applications for micromorphological observations, especially when quantitative, include comparison of structures formed by different management techniques. Structural measurements can aid interpretation of soil behaviour as described by physical measurements. They also have a role in estimating the representative elementary volume, on which physical measurements should be made, and in calibrating field estimates of soil structure.

Land evaluation and site assessment: mapping for planning purposes

1987 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-201
Author(s):  
W. R. Dearman
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Land Evaluation ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Thematic Maps ◽  
British Geological Survey ◽  
Site Assessment ◽  
Thematic Mapping ◽  
Direct Applicability

AbstractMaps and plans represent essential tools of the trade for planners and applied earth scientists alike, and thematic maps produced by geologists should be able to be understood by planners. Geology, geotechnics, geomorphology, hydrogeology and related sciences can provide essential data on some of the constraints to development and resources for development. Recognition of these permits safer, more cost- effective planning and development, and allows rational decisions to be taken as far as the exploitation of resources is concerned. Consequently the Department of Environment had been commissioning research to investigate the best means of collecting, collating, interpreting and presenting, in sets of maps and reports, geological results of direct applicability to land-use planning. For example, some years ago initial studies in thematic mapping were undertaken by the British Geological Survey and more recently a number of private consultants have carried out such work. Unfortunately, the results of some of these surveys have not, as yet, been published.

Optimization of Structural Design for High-Performance Concrete Bridges

1998 ◽  
Vol 1624 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-139
Author(s):  
Mary Lou Ralls ◽  
Ramon L. Carrasquillo ◽  
Ned H. Burns
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Concrete Bridges ◽  
Practical Guidelines ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Design And Construction

High-performance concrete (HPC) bridges can be cost-effective both initially and in the long term, provided the design and construction optimize the improved performance characteristics of HPC. Using the high-strength characteristic of HPC can reduce the required number and size of beams. Using the improved durability characteristics of HPC can reduce maintenance requirements and extend the service life. Practical guidelines help design and construction engineers implement HPC in bridges.

scholarly journals Assessment of human diploid genome assembly with 10x Linked-Reads data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Xin Zhou ◽  
Ziming Weng ◽  
Arend Sidow
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Space ◽  
Genome Assembly ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Personal Genome ◽  
Dna Fragments ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Library Preparation ◽  
Assembly Quality ◽  
Practical Guidelines

AbstractBackgroundProducing cost-effective haplotype-resolved personal genomes remains challenging. 10x Linked-Read sequencing, with its high base quality and long-range information, has been demonstrated to facilitate de novo assembly of human genomes and variant detection. In this study, we investigate in depth how the parameter space of 10x library preparation and sequencing affects assembly quality, on the basis of both simulated and real libraries.FindingsWe prepared and sequenced eight 10x libraries with a diverse set of parameters from standard cell lines NA12878 and NA24385 and performed whole genome assembly on the data. We also developed the simulator LRTK-SIM to follow the workflow of 10x data generation and produce realistic simulated Linked-Read data sets. We found that assembly quality could be improved by increasing the total sequencing coverage (C) and keeping physical coverage of DNA fragments (CF) or read coverage per fragment (CR) within broad ranges. The optimal physical coverage was between 332X and 823X and assembly quality worsened if it increased to greater than 1,000X for a given C. Long DNA fragments could significantly extend phase blocks, but decreased contig contiguity. The optimal length-weighted fragment length (WμFL) was around 50 – 150kb. When broadly optimal parameters were used for library preparation and sequencing, ca. 80% of the genome was assembled in a diploid state.ConclusionThe Linked-Read libraries we generated and the parameter space we identified provide theoretical considerations and practical guidelines for personal genome assemblies based on 10x Linked-Read sequencing.

Using Participatory GIS to Improve Community Land Use Decisions

2014 ◽  
pp. 68-82
Author(s):  
Leah Greden Mathews ◽  
Art Rex ◽  
Anne Lancaster
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Land Evaluation ◽  
Public Values ◽  
Site Assessment ◽  
Participatory Gis ◽  
Land Use Decisions ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
Cost Effective Method

Community land use decisions benefit from spatially explicit community preferences; yet, the methods for incorporating the preferences for intangible values are challenging to represent spatially. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an introduction to the Total Value Assessment Tool for Farmland (TVAL-Farm), a tool that incorporates scenic quality and cultural heritage elements to create an enhanced Land Evaluation and Site Assessment (LESA) model. The chapter describes the development of TVAL-Farm and its implications for farmland preservation in Western North Carolina. The enhancement of the LESA model created by TVAL-Farm provides insight and a framework on how to collect and incorporate qualitative public values within the quantitative environment of a Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Inclusion of these public values is essential for holistically valuing land parcels and understanding community land use preferences. Increased use of modern technologies in the data collection process will promote a cost-effective method of community participation and engagement.

Spatiotemporal urban sprawl and land resource assessment using Google Earth Engine platform in Lahore district, Pakistan

2022 ◽  
pp. 137-150
Author(s):  
Adeel Ahmad ◽  
Hammad Gilani ◽  
Safdar Ali Shirazi ◽  
Hamid Reza Pourghasemi ◽  
Ifrah Shaukat
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Google Earth Engine
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