Effects of Stereo and Motion Manipulations on Measured Presence in Stereoscopic Displays

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 144-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Freeman ◽  
S E Avons ◽  
J Davidoff ◽  
D E Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Information ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Tv Viewing ◽  
Stereoscopic Displays ◽  
Continuous Evaluation ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Display Technology ◽  
Being There

Methods of assessing presence, a sense of ‘being there’ within a displayed virtual environment, include post-test subjective measures, discrimination tests, and monitoring reflexive responses. Each is limited—either they do not provide a measure of temporal variation, are not feasible with current display technology or are overly content-specific. A measure of presence derived from the method of continuous evaluation (ITU-R, Recommendation BT.500-7, revised, “Methodology for the subjective assessment of the quality of television pictures”, 1995) has been used to overcome these limitations. The results of two experiments are presented. Those of the first experiment established that the methodology is usable under the optimal viewing conditions for the 20 inch stereoscopic TV display upon which our stimuli were presented. It compares within-subject variation on continuous TV picture quality ratings under two viewing conditions—at six picture heights in the light (standard for quality evaluations) and at two picture heights in the dark (optimal stereo TV viewing). The second experiment investigated the effects of manipulations of the visual parameters of stereo, scene motion, and observer-based motion on participants' presence evaluations within edited sections of a stereoscopic film. The results provide support for theories predicting that the extent of sensory information available to a participant is one of the factors determining presence.

Continuous Assessment of Presence in Stereoscopic Displays

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 186-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
W A IJsselsteijn ◽  
J Freeman ◽  
S E Avons ◽  
J Davidoff ◽  
H de Ridder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Continuous Assessment ◽  
Central Importance ◽  
Stereoscopic Displays ◽  
Sense Of Presence ◽  
Being There ◽  
Stereo Acuity

Presence, a sense of ‘being there’ evoked by a display, can be regarded as a concept of central importance in the evaluation of broadcasting and entertainment services in general and virtual reality applications in particular. Subjective methods of assessing presence that have either been used or proposed to date do not provide a measure of temporal variation in observers' presence. To overcome this limitation, we have applied the method of continuous assessment (ITU-R, BT 500-7) to the measurement of presence. Thirty observers (twelve at IPO, eighteen at UoE) with normal or corrected-to-normal vision and good stereo-acuity viewed a stereoscopic film. While watching, observers were asked to continuously rate their perceptions of depth, naturalness and presence. The stimulus material varied considerably in the amount and strength of the visual cues presented over time. This enabled us to investigate whether the extent of sensory information presented to an observer was a determinant of presence, as proposed by Sheridan [1992 Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments1(1) 120 – 125]. The results, which were very similar across two independent laboratories, suggested that continuous assessment provides a promising methodology for the subjective assessment of temporal variation in the observer's sense of presence. Further, increasing the extent of sensory information presented to an observer may enhance the sense of presence, provided the depth cues introduced are consistent and within natural bounds. [ Note: First and second author in arbitrary order.]

Relevant Perceptual Factors in Stereoscopic Displays: Image Disparity, Convergence Distance, and Focus Length

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 185-185
Author(s):  
W A IJsselsteijn ◽  
H de Ridder ◽  
R Hamberg
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Normal Vision ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Systematic Deviation ◽  
Still Images ◽  
Stereoscopic Displays ◽  
Strong Linear Correlation ◽  
Perceptual Factors ◽  
Relevant Factors

Traditionally, visually relevant factors in stereoscopic displays have been investigated within a performance-oriented framework, focusing on the veridicality of depth perception. However, for some applications, most notably in the areas of broadcasting and entertainment, an appreciation-oriented approach seems to be more relevant. Within this framework, we investigated the influence of image disparity, convergence distance, and focus length on the subjective assessment of depth, naturalness of depth, and quality of depth (or preference). Twelve observers with normal or corrected-to-normal vision and good stereopsis viewed a fully randomised presentation of stereoscopic still images that varied systematically in image disparity (six levels of camera base difference: 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 cm), convergence distance (two levels: 1.30 m and 2.60 m) and focus length (two levels: 10 mm and 20 mm). Each observer was asked to rate, in separate counterbalanced sessions, his/her impression of depth, naturalness of depth, and quality of depth. The results indicate that observers prefer a stereoscopic presentation of images over a monoscopic presentation. A clear optimum was found at 4 cm image disparity for subjective judgments of naturalness and of quality. Depth judgements increased up to an image disparity of 12 cm, a result that is in line with earlier psychophysical literature. There was an effect of focus length only at extreme image disparities. An effect of convergence distance was also found that can be adequately explained by rescaling to match the effective visual disparities. Although there was a strong linear correlation between naturalness and quality (r = 0.96), a small but systematic deviation could be observed. This deviation was best modelled by a linear quality model that incorporates both naturalness and depth.

PENINGKATAN KUALITAS HIDUP MELALUI LOGOTERAPI PADA KLIEN YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Abdul Wakhid ◽  
Ana Puji Astuti ◽  
Maya Kurnia Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean

Logoterapi merupakan terapi untuk menemukan makna positif dibalik sebuah kejadian yang tidak diharapkan. Logoterapi dilaksanakan secara individu maupun berkelompok dalam bentuk konseling dan berorientasi pada pencarian makna hidup individu. Tujuan logoterapi meningkatkan makna pengalaman hidup individu yang diarahkan kepada pengambilan keputusan yang bertanggung jawab. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan pre-experiment dengan metode pre and post test group, artinya pengumpulan data dilakukan terhadap responden untuk membandingkan kualitas hidup sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan intervensi. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode total sampling yaitu pengambilan seluruh sampel dengan tetap memperhatikan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan. Jumlah pasien yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSUD Ungaran sebanyak 21 orang dan di RSUD Ambarawa sebanyak 25 pasien. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji t test dependent. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa dari 46 responden didapatkan rata-rata skor kualitas hidup pasien yang mejalani hemodialisis sebesar 60.22 dengan skor terrendah 55 dan skor tertinggi 69. Bahwa dari 46 responden didapatkan rata-rata skor kualitas hidup pasien yang mejalani hemodialisis sebesar 88.72 dengan skor terrendah 79 dan skor tertinggi 103. Hasil uji statistik dengan uji t test dependent diketahui ada pengaruh logoterapi terhadap kemampuan memaknai hidup pada klien yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSUD Kabupaten Semarang (p value: 0,0001). Saran perlunya peningkatan kemampuan perawat dalam memberikan layanan kesehatan termasuk pemberian atau pemanduan penemuan makna hidup bagi pasien hemodialysis, agar selain dengan hemodialysis, ada faktor internal dari pasien yang dapat dijadikan sebagai motivasi untuk sembuh dari penyakit.   Kata Kunci: Logoterapi, kualitas hidup   IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH RENAL FAILURE WHO UNDERWENT HEMODIALYSIS   ABSTRACT Logotherapy is a therapy to discover the positive meaning behind an unexpected event. Logotherapy is carried out individually or in groups in the form of counseling and oriented to the search for the meaning of individual life. This study aims to improve the quality of life of patients with renal failure who underwent hemodialysis. This research was conducted by using pre-experiment with pre-post test study. The sampling technique was done by the convenience sampling. The number of patients undergoing hemodialysis as many as 46 respondents. Data analysis was done by using test t test dependent. The result showed that from 46 respondents got the mean of quality of life of patients who had hemodialysis 60.22 with lowest score 55 and highest score 69. Whereas from 46 respondents got the mean score of life quality of patients who had hemodialysis 88.72 with score the lowest score 79 and the highest score 103. The result of statistical test with t test dependent is known there is influence of logoterapi to the ability of meaningful life on client who undergo hemodialysis at Semarang Regency hospitals (p value: 0.0001). Advice on the need to improve the nurse's ability to provide health services, including the provision or guidance of the discovery of the meaning of life for hemodialysis patients, in addition to hemodialysis, there are internal factors of the patient that can be used as a motivation to recover from illness.   Keywords: Logotherapy, quality of life, kidney failure.  

Strategic Role of Zakat in Multidimensional Quality of Life in Sijunjung, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Herlin Hamimi ◽  
Abdul Ghafar Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Hasbi Zaenal
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
Being There ◽  
The Impact

Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam which has a function of faith, social and economic functions. Muslims who can pay zakat are required to give at least 2.5 per cent of their wealth. The problem of poverty prevalent in disadvantaged regions because of the difficulty of access to information and communication led to a gap that is so high in wealth and resources. The instrument of zakat provides a paradigm in the achievement of equitable wealth distribution and healthy circulation. Zakat potentially offers a better life and improves the quality of human being. There is a human quality improvement not only in economic terms but also in spiritual terms such as improving religiousity. This study aims to examine the role of zakat to alleviate humanitarian issues in disadvantaged regions such as Sijunjung, one of zakat beneficiaries and impoverished areas in Indonesia. The researcher attempted a Cibest method to capture the impact of zakat beneficiaries before and after becoming a member of Zakat Community Development (ZCD) Program in material and spiritual value. The overall analysis shows that zakat has a positive impact on disadvantaged regions development and enhance the quality of life of the community. There is an improvement in the average of mustahik household incomes after becoming a member of ZCD Program. Cibest model demonstrates that material, spiritual, and absolute poverty index decreased by 10, 5, and 6 per cent. Meanwhile, the welfare index is increased by 21 per cent. These findings have significant implications for developing the quality of life in disadvantaged regions in Sijunjung. Therefore, zakat is one of the instruments to change the status of disadvantaged areas to be equivalent to other areas.

Feasibility and Clinical Implications of Remotely Guided Ultrasound Examinations

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 592-596
Author(s):  
Quinn Dufurrena ◽  
Kazi Imran Ullah ◽  
Erin Taub ◽  
Connor Leszczuk ◽  
Sahar Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Regional Wall Motion ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Objective Quality ◽  
The Us ◽  
Regional Wall Motion Abnormalities ◽  
Wall Motion Abnormalities

BACKGROUND: Remotely guided ultrasound (US) examinations carried out by nonmedical personnel (novices) have been shown to produce clinically useful examinations, at least in small pilot studies. Comparison of the quality of such exams to those carried out by trained medical professionals is lacking in the literature. This study compared the objective quality and clinical utility of cardiac and pulmonary US examinations carried out by novices and trained physicians.METHODS: Cardiac and pulmonary US examinations were carried out by novices under remote guidance by an US expert and independently by US trained physicians. Exams were blindly evaluated by US experts for both a task-based objective score as well as a subjective assessment of clinical utility.RESULTS: Participating in the study were 16 novices and 9 physicians. Novices took longer to complete the US exams (median 641.5 s vs. 256 s). For the objective component, novices scored higher in exams evaluating for pneumothorax (100% vs. 87.5%). For the subjective component, novices more often obtained clinically useful exams in the assessment of cardiac regional wall motion abnormalities (56.3% vs. 11.1%). No other comparisons yielded statistically significant differences between the two groups. Both groups had generally higher scores for pulmonary examinations compared to cardiac. There was variability in the quality of exams carried out by novices depending on their expert guide.CONCLUSION: Remotely guided novices are able to carry out cardiac and pulmonary US examinations with similar, if not better, technical proficiency and clinical utility as US trained physicians, though they take longer to do so.Dufurrena Q, Ullah KI, Taub E, Leszczuk C, Ahmad S. Feasibility and clinical implications of remotely guided ultrasound examinations. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(7):592–596.

The Anxiety of Pregnant Women in Post Abortion by Reading Ayatus Syifa and Lavender Aromatherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-409
Author(s):  
Inna Sholicha Fitriani ◽  
Nurhidayati Nurhidayati
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Post Abortion

Pregnancy and abortion can be a stressor that can increase anxiety. The Qur'an is just as a doubt antidote and diseases that are in the chest and it is commonly known as the heart. The Lavender one of essential oil which popular and it is widely used in the field of clinical health which especially addressing psychosomatic in gynecology. The purpose of this research was to determine the potential decrease of anxiety on pregnant women in post-abortion by reading verses syifa and lavender aromatherapy. The research used experimental design of Pre and Post Test-Group with a sample of all pregnant women who had abortion. The total sample was 24 people. The research was conducted in Aisyiyah Hospital and Muhammadiyah Hospital of Ponorogo in Juny - August 2018. The data analysis used T and Wilcoxon test. The result of data analysis were 0,003 <0,05 and there was comparison between potential decrease of anxiety in pregnant women post abortion by reading verses syifa and giving aromatherapy  of lavender.  The comparison showed that the potency of decreasing of anxiety in pregnant woman post abortion by reading ayatus syifa and giving aromatherapy of lavender, 38% decreased anxiety level in pregnant woman post abortion because of lavender therapy and 62% was due to other factor. Then 89%decreased in anxiety level in pregnant woman post abortion because of reading ayatus syifa and 11% due to other factor. Research products can be used as media in the treatment of non pharmacological psikomatic in order to support quality of public health.

EFFECTIVENESS OF USING MCH BOOKS AND MONSCA APPLICATIONS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF 14 T ANTENATAL SERVICE STANDARDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Rahmawati Rahmawati ◽  
Syarif Syafruddin ◽  
Nontji Wena
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Continuity Of Care ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Limited Time ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Service Standards

The component of antenatal care received by pregnant women is classified as incomplete because the implementation of standard pregnancy services is still using conventional methods. There are obstacles faced by midwives, such as the limited time in a recording, which has an impact on the declining quality of antenatal care standards. This research aims to compare the effectiveness of the use of KIA books and MONSCA applications in midwives in the application of the standard Antenatal service 14 T. This research was conducted in Puskesmas Tanete and Puskesmas Bontobangun Bulukumba District. The method used in the study is experimental quasi (pre-test post-test nonequivalent control design). Using a sample of midwives in this study, as many as 36 people were divided into two groups (18 intervention groups and 18 control groups). The sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney Test. The results showed that there was a difference in the effectiveness of using KIA books with MONSCA applications, MOSCA's applications were easier to use, faster, safer, and more accurate than KIA books. It can be concluded that the MONSCA application is more effective than KIA books. Key words: Effectiveness, Android-based Smart Continuity of Care application, KIA book, Antenatal service 14 T

Comparative analysis of intelligent planning methods

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.V. Darintsev ◽  
A.B. Migranov
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Mobile Robots ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Intelligent Planning

The main stages of solving the problem of planning movements by mobile robots in a non-stationary working environment based on neural networks, genetic algorithms and fuzzy logic are considered. The features common to the considered intellectual algorithms are singled out and their comparative analysis is carried out. Recommendations are given on the use of this or that method depending on the type of problem being solved and the requirements for the speed of the algorithm, the quality of the trajectory, the availability (volume) of sensory information, etc.

Emerging approaches for restoration of hearing and vision

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Kleinlogel ◽  
Christian Vogl ◽  
Marcus Jeschke ◽  
Jakob Neef ◽  
Tobias Moser
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Gene Replacement ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Cellular Specificity ◽  
Socioeconomic Burden ◽  
Comprehensive Reference

Impairments of vision and hearing are highly prevalent conditions limiting the quality of life and presenting a major socioeconomic burden. For long, retinal and cochlear disorders have remained intractable for causal therapies, with sensory rehabilitation limited to glasses, hearing aids, and electrical cochlear or retinal implants. Recently, the application of gene therapy and optogenetics to eye and ear has generated hope for a fundamental improvement of vision and hearing restoration. To date, one gene therapy for the restoration of vision has been approved and undergoing clinical trials will broaden its application including gene replacement, genome editing, and regenerative approaches. Moreover, optogenetics, i.e. controlling the activity of cells by light, offers a more general alternative strategy. Over little more than a decade, optogenetic approaches have been developed and applied to better understand the function of biological systems, while protein engineers have identified and designed new opsin variants with desired physiological features. Considering potential clinical applications of optogenetics, the spotlight is on the sensory systems. Multiple efforts have been undertaken to restore lost or hampered function in eye and ear. Optogenetic stimulation promises to overcome fundamental shortcomings of electrical stimulation, namely poor spatial resolution and cellular specificity, and accordingly to deliver more detailed sensory information. This review aims at providing a comprehensive reference on current gene therapeutic and optogenetic research relevant to the restoration of hearing and vision. We will introduce gene-therapeutic approaches and discuss the biotechnological and optoelectronic aspects of optogenetic hearing and vision restoration.

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