Priming within the ‘Attentional Blink’ in an RSVP Task

Perception ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 26-26
Author(s):  
F K Chua ◽  
J Goh ◽  
G Kek
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Experimental Psychology ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Weak Form ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Lower Case Letter ◽  
Lower Case ◽  
Local Interference

Recent experiments (eg M M Chun and M C Potter, 1995 Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance21 109 – 127; J E Raymond, K L Shapiro, and K M Arnell, 1992 Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance18 849 – 860) with RSVP (rapid serial visual presentation) suggest that the attentional blink is caused by local interference. We present data from three RSVP experiments that provide further clues regarding the attentional blink. In experiment 1, subjects detected an ‘X’ and then identified a red letter; in experiment 2, subjects had to say whether the first red target was an ‘X’ and then identify a red letter. In experiment 3, subjects identified two red letters. We systematically varied the lag between the first and second targets. On half the trials, we also primed the second target by placing an identical letter in the lag one position (the position after the first target). In experiment 3, we also examined if the priming effect was semantic with a lower case letter. The first two experiments suggest that the priming effect is very short-lived and mainly sensory in nature. The priming effect disappears altogether if the first target is not present. More interestingly, we found that when subjects failed to detect the ‘X’, priming could still happen. The third experiment replicates and extends the results of the first two experiments. We also show that priming, albeit in a weak form, may still happen during the time when the attentional blink is supposed to occur. These results suggest that it is not an inhibition that causes the attentional blink and that sensory processing continues during the blink.

The Romaunt of the Rose and Source Manuscripts

PMLA ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-183
Author(s):  
Ronald Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Jean De Meun ◽  
Great Work ◽  
Roman De La Rose ◽  
Guillaume De Lorris ◽  
Lower Case Letter ◽  
Lower Case ◽  
The Family ◽  
Significant Measure ◽  
The Rose ◽  
Partial Translation

The Authorship of the Romaunt of the Rose, subject of ardent controversy for nearly a century, can at last be established beyond any significant measure of doubt, for there is a new and highly reliable kind of evidence to show that at least two men were responsible for the existing partial translation of the famed Roman de la rose into Middle English. More than 200 MSS of the original French poem, composed by Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meun in the thirteenth century, have been catalogued by the late Ernest Langlois. The French scholar divided these MSS into three main groups, I, II, and III, and into subgroups or families marked by capital letters; while individual MSS he designated by the family letter plus a lower-case letter, Ab, He, Ha, and so on. In consequence of Langlois' great work, scholars have been enabled to compare the ME Romaunt with the variant readings of the MSS of its French original, and as will be demonstrated below, such comparison throws revealing light upon the facts of the Romaunt's composition.

scholarly journals Scoring Alternatives for Mental Speed Tests: Measurement Issues and Validity for Working Memory Capacity and the Attentional Blink Effect

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Schmitz ◽  
Dominik Rotter ◽  
Oliver Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Task Type ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
General Factor

Research suggests that the relation of mental speed with working memory capacity (WMC) depends on complexity and scoring methods of speed tasks and the type of task used to assess capacity limits in working memory. In the present study, we included conventional binding/updating measures of WMC as well as rapid serial visual presentation paradigms. The latter allowed for a computation of the attentional blink (AB) effect that was argued to measure capacity limitations at the encoding stage of working memory. Mental speed was assessed with a set of tasks and scored by diverse methods, including response time (RT) based scores, as well as ex-Gaussian and diffusion model parameterization. Relations of latent factors were investigated using structure equation modeling techniques. RT-based scores of mental speed yielded substantial correlations with WMC but only weak relations with the AB effect, while WMC and the AB magnitude were independent. The strength of the speed-WMC relation was shown to depend on task type. Additionally, the increase in predictive validity across RT quantiles changed across task types, suggesting that the worst performance rule (WPR) depends on task characteristics. In contrast to the latter, relations of speed with the AB effect did not change across RT quantiles. Relations of the model parameters were consistently found for the ex-Gaussian tau parameter and the diffusion model drift rate. However, depending on task type, other parameters showed plausible relations as well. The finding that characteristics of mental speed tasks determined the overall strength of relations with WMC, the occurrence of a WPR effect, and the specific pattern of relations of model parameters, implies that mental speed tasks are not exchangeable measurement tools. In spite of reflecting a general factor of mental speed, different speed tasks possess different requirements, supporting the notion of mental speed as a hierarchical construct.

scholarly journals Temporal variability predicts the magnitude of between-group attentional blink differences in developmental dyslexia: a meta-analysis

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A Badcock ◽  
Joanna C Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Temporal Position ◽  
Group Effect ◽  
The Difference

Background. Here we report on a meta-analysis of the attentional blink (AB) research focussed on specific reading impairment, commonly referred to as developmental dyslexia. The AB effect relates to a limitation in the allocation of attention over time and examined in a dual-target rapid serial visual presentation paradigm. When the second target appears in close temporal proximity to the first target, the second target is reported less accurately. Method. A Web of Science search with terms 'dyslexia attentional blink' returned 13 AB experiments (11 papers) conducted with developmental dyslexia (9 were included in this meta-analysis). The main pattern of performance was lower overall accuracy in groups of individuals with dyslexia relative to typically reading peers. That is, a between-group main effect. This meta-analysis examined the size of the between-group effect in relation to physical presentation characteristics, which differed between and within experiments. Results. Four noteworthy variables were related to the between group effect-size; fixation duration (positive relationship, R2 = .89, p <.01, n = 6), maximum temporal position of T2 (negative relationship, R2 = .46, p <.05, n = 9), the difference between the minimum and maximum temporal position of T2 (negative relationship, R2 = .53, p <.05, n = 9), and the stimulus onset asynchrony (negative relationship, R2 = .46, p <.05, n = 9). Discussion. These are discussed with respect to the preparation of task-set, temporal orienting, and speed of processing, recommending these as considerations for future research.

Interruption of Late Visual Processing Causes an Attentional Blink

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 134-134
Author(s):  
A Ehrenstein ◽  
B G Breitmeyer ◽  
K K Pritchard ◽  
M Hiscock ◽  
J Crisan
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Masking Effect ◽  
Backward Masking ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Display Location

When the task is to detect two letter targets in a stream of non-letter (digit) distractors in rapid serial visual presentation, an attentional blink (AB; ie a deficit in the detection of a second target when it follows the first by approximately 100 – 500 ms) is often found to occur. In a series of four experiments with different numbers of display positions, with or without masking, we show that: (1) the AB, which occurs when all items are presented at the same display location, is reduced when targets and distractors are presented randomly dispersed over 4 or 9 adjacent locations; (2) the AB is reduced with the spatially distributed presentation even when backward masks are used in all possible stimulus locations and when the location of the next item in the sequence is predictable; (3) the AB is not due to either a location-specific forward or backward masking effect occurring at early levels in visual processing. We conclude that the AB is primarily a function of the interruption of late visual processing produced when the item following the first target occurs at the same location. It seems that, in order for the AB to occur, the item following the first target must be presented at the same location as that target so that it can serve both as a distractor and as a mask interrupting or interfering with late visual processing.

Texture Segregation by Orientation Differences: Colour Sensitive but Not Hue Specific?

Perception ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 98-98
Author(s):  
U Leonards ◽  
W Singer
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Psychology ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Luminance Contrast ◽  
Texture Element ◽  
Feature Maps ◽  
Texture Segregation ◽  
Colour Contrast

Segregation of textures on the basis of orientation differences between texture elements is achieved even when these texture elements differ from their surround only by colour (McIlhagga et al, 1990 Vision Research30 489 – 495). This finding seems to contradict the assumption that colour and orientation are extracted in separate feature maps (eg Treisman and Sato, 1990 Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance16 459 – 478). To examine whether colour information is evaluated in parallel in different processing streams for the assessment of hue and form, we tested whether texture elements can be segregated if they differ only by specific conjunctions of colour and orientation; texture elements consisted of crosses with their two crossing lines differing in colour. Texture elements defining figure and background had the same coloured composition but the conjunction of colour with the two crossing lines was reversed. Different colour combinations were tested under various luminance contrast conditions, irrespective of the colour combination, segmentation was achieved as long as the two crossing lines of the texture elements differed in luminance. If, however, the different colours of the two crossing lines were approximately equiluminant, segmentation was reduced or impossible. Thus, subjects were able to use for texture segregation conjunctions between luminance and orientation but not between colour and orientation. Our results suggest that colour cannot be associated selectively with differently oriented components of the same texture element. This supports the hypothesis that colour contrast is used in parallel by different processing streams to assess the orientation and hue of contours and reveals limitations in the selectivity with which features are subsequently bound together.

The Effect of Environmental Pitch on Perceived Optic Slant and Eye Level: Lines vs Dots

Perception ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 151-151
Author(s):  
A E Stoper ◽  
J Randle ◽  
M M Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Experimental Psychology ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Vertical Line ◽  
Line Segments ◽  
Level Lines ◽  
Pitch Dimension ◽  
Zero Effect

Visually perceived eye level (VPEL) has been shown to be strongly affected by the pitch of the visible environment (Stoper and Cohen, 1989 Perception & Psychophysics46 469 – 475), even if this environment consists of only two luminous lines pitched from the vertical (Matin and Li, 1992 Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance18 257 – 289). Here, two luminous vertical lines or 32 randomly distributed luminous dots were mounted on a plane that was viewed monocularly and was pitched (slanted in the pitch dimension) 30° forward or backward from the vertical. In addition to measuring the VPEL, we measured the perceived optic slant (rather than the perceived geographic slant) of this plane by requiring each of our ten subjects to set a target to the visually perceived near point (VPNP) of the plane. We found that, for the lines, VPNP shifted 50% and VPEL shifted 26% of the physical pitch of the plane. For the dots, VPNP shifted 28% but VPEL shifted only 8%. The effect of the dots on VPEL was weaker than might have been predicted by their effect on VPNP, which was used to indicate perceived optic slant. The weakness of the effect of the dots on VPEL implies that changes in VPEL result from a direct effect of the stimuli on VPEL, rather than one mediated by the perceived optic slant of the plane. The non-zero effect of the dots shows that pitched from vertical line segments are not necessary to shift VPEL.

scholarly journals Neural dynamics of the attentional blink revealed by encoding orientation selectivity during rapid visual presentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew F. Tang ◽  
Lucy Ford ◽  
Ehsan Arabzadeh ◽  
James T. Enns ◽  
Troy A. W. Visser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Orientation Selectivity ◽  
Neural Dynamics
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document