Space and Time: An Impact of Spatial Separation, Apparent Motion, and Perceptual Grouping on TOJ Performance

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p7401 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 551-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orit Baruch ◽  
Yaffa Yeshurun ◽  
David I Shore
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Perceptual Grouping ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Space And Time

scholarly journals Comparison of the Spatial Limits on Direction Selectivity in Visual Areas MT and V1

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 1235-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark M. Churchland ◽  
Nicholas J. Priebe ◽  
Stephen G. Lisberger
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Direction Selectivity ◽  
Temporal Separation ◽  
Temporal Area ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
V1 Neurons ◽  
Preferred Direction ◽  
The Difference

We recorded responses to apparent motion from directionally selective neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) of anesthetized monkeys and middle temporal area (MT) of awake monkeys. Apparent motion consisted of multiple stationary stimulus flashes presented in sequence, characterized by their temporal separation (Δ t) and spatial separation (Δ x). Stimuli were 8° square patterns of 100% correlated random dots that moved at apparent speeds of 16 or 32°/s. For both V1 and MT, the difference between the response to the preferred and null directions declined with increasing flash separation. For each neuron, we estimated the maximum flash separation for which directionally selective responses were observed. For the range of speeds we used, Δ x provided a better description of the limitation on directional responses than did Δ t. When comparing MT and V1 neurons of similar preferred speed, there was no difference in the maximum Δ x between our samples from the two areas. In both V1 and MT, the great majority of neurons had maximal values of Δ x in the 0.25–1° range. Mean values were almost identical between the two areas. For most neurons, larger flash separations led to both weaker responses to the preferred direction and increased responses to the opposite direction. The former mechanism was slightly more dominant in MT and the latter slightly more dominant in V1. We conclude that V1 and MT neurons lose direction selectivity for similar values of Δ x, supporting the hypothesis that basic direction selectivity in MT is inherited from V1, at least over the range of stimulus speeds represented by both areas.

scholarly journals A comparison of the effects of spatial separation on apparent motion in the auditory and visual modalities

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Z. Strybel ◽  
Carol L. Manligas ◽  
Ozzie Chan ◽  
David R. Perrott
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Spatial Separation

The Ternus Effect

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Hein
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Perceptual Grouping ◽  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
Motion Display ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Insight Into

The Ternus effect refers to an ambiguous apparent motion display in which two or three elements presented in succession and shifted horizontally by one position can be perceived as either a group of elements moving together or as one element jumping across the other(s). This chapter introduces the phenomenon and describes observations made by Pikler and Ternus in the beginning of the twentieth century. Next, reasons for continued interest in the Ternus effect are discussed and an overview of factors that influence it offered, including low-level image-based factors, for example luminance, as well as higher-level scene-based factors, for example perceptual grouping. The chapter ends with a discussion of theories regarding the mechanisms underlying the Ternus effect, providing insight into how the visual system is able to perceive coherent objects in the world despite discontinuities in the input (e.g., as a consequence of eye movements or object occlusion).

The Effect of Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Distance on Apparent Motion

Perception ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Mutch ◽  
Isabel M Smith ◽  
Albert Yonas
Keyword(s):  
Motion Perception ◽  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Correspondence Problem ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Motion Display ◽  
Specific Concern ◽  
Actual Depth

The problem of how the visual system matches corresponding inputs from one instant to the next to produce the perception of motion has been experimentally examined. The specific concern was whether this correspondence problem is solved prior to the interpretation of three-dimensional distance. Observers judged the degree of apparent motion between pairs of lights in a conflicting motion display. Spatial separation of the lights was varied in two and three dimensions in order to assess whether retinal distance, actual depth, or some combination of these provided critical information for correspondence. The results support Ullman's contention that only two-dimensional (retinal) distances are used in establishing correspondence in motion perception.

scholarly journals The effect of timing and spatial separation on the velocity of auditory apparent motion

1998 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1441-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Z. Strybel ◽  
Sherry A. Span ◽  
April M. Witty
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Spatial Separation

Two Dimensionality of the Correspondence Process in Apparent Motion

Perception ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimon Ullman
Keyword(s):  
Motion Perception ◽  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Fundamental Process

A fundamental process underlying motion perception is the matching of corresponding elements in different views. In this correspondence process spatial separation between elements plays a major role. The relevant separation is shown by the current study to be the two-dimensional, uninterpreted distance, a finding that has an implication to the level at which the correspondence process is carried out. The current findings are compared with earlier results concerning ‘optimality’ of apparent motion to conclude that optimality cannot serve as a measure for the correspondence strength.

scholarly journals Interaction of Perceptual Grouping and Crossmodal Temporal Capture in Tactile Apparent-Motion

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e17130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihan Chen ◽  
Zhuanghua Shi ◽  
Hermann J. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Perceptual Grouping
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