Perception in the Absence of Attention: Perceptual Processing in the Roelofs Effect during Inattentional Blindness

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p6859 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1104-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B Lathrop ◽  
Bruce Bridgeman ◽  
Philip Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Inattentional Blindness ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
Roelofs Effect

scholarly journals PRIMING EFFECTS FOR THE UNEXPECTED STIMULUS IN INATTENTIONAL BLINDNESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Inattentional Blindness ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
Word Fragment ◽  
Visual Environment ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Subsequent Task ◽  
Unexpected Stimulus

Studies on inattentional blindness demonstrate that a stimulus that unexpectedly appears in the visual environment may be undetected when attention is engaged in a task. The stimulus can still be processed and remembered at the perceptual and semantic level. The question of whether this is still the case when there are items to be ignored in the visual environment remains. In the present study investigating this question, participants attended to furniture pictures while they ignored other pictures. In the inattention trial, an unexpected word appeared in the middle of the circular display. Participants blind to the word were compared to ones who were not exposed to the word. In Experiment 1, participants were more likely to complete a word fragment with this word than the ones who were not exposed to the word. In Experiment 2, participants were more likely to choose the picture of this word than the ones who were not exposed to the word. These studies show that the undetected unexpected stimulus is processed at the perceptual and semantic level and produces priming effects on a subsequent task. Findings were discussed with regards to the possible memory correlates of undetected visual information and levels of consciousness. Keywords: inattentional blindness, priming, consciousness, perceptual processing, semantic processing

Ich sehe was, was du nicht siehst

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
Carina Kreitz
Keyword(s):  
Inattentional Blindness ◽  
Oder Nicht ◽  
Interindividuelle Unterschiede

Zusammenfassung. Wenn wir unsere Aufmerksamkeit einer Aufgabe zuwenden, nehmen wir Dinge, die währenddessen unerwartet auftauchen, häufig nicht bewusst wahr – obwohl sie unmittelbar in unserem Blickfeld erscheinen. Dieses Phänomen, das als Inattentional Blindness bezeichnet wird, kann fatale Konsequenzen in alltäglichen Situationen und auch einen ernstzunehmenden Einfluss auf sportliche Leistungen haben. In Ergänzung zu vorheriger Forschung zeigen meine eigenen Ergebnisse, dass eine Vielzahl situativer Faktoren die Wahrscheinlichkeit, mit der Inattentional Blindness auftritt, beeinflussen können. Dazu zählen unter anderem bestimmte Eigenschaften des unerwarteten Objekts sowie Kontextfaktoren. Im Gegensatz dazu scheinen interindividuelle Unterschiede über die situativen Einflüsse hinaus kaum (oder zumindest nicht reliabel) vorherzusagen, ob Inattentional Blindness auftritt oder nicht. Während es also eine feste Wahrscheinlichkeit über alle Personen hinweg gibt, dass ein unerwartetes Objekt bemerkt wird (deterministischer Aspekt), kann anhand der Persönlichkeitsstruktur und der kognitiven Fähigkeiten dieser Personen nicht vorhergesagt werden, wer von ihnen das unerwartete Objekt entdecken wird und wer nicht (stochastischer Aspekt).

The Mere Exposure Effect and Recognition Depend on the Way You Look! *S. W. and J. D. contributed equally to this study.

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Willems ◽  
Jonathan Dedonder ◽  
Martial Van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Differential Effect ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Mere Exposure ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
Processing Strategy ◽  
Mere Exposure Effect ◽  
Exposure Effect ◽  
Processing Strategies ◽  
Explicit Recognition ◽  
Analytic Strategy

In line with Whittlesea and Price (2001) , we investigated whether the memory effect measured with an implicit memory paradigm (mere exposure effect) and an explicit recognition task depended on perceptual processing strategies, regardless of whether the task required intentional retrieval. We found that manipulation intended to prompt functional implicit-explicit dissociation no longer had a differential effect when we induced similar perceptual strategies in both tasks. Indeed, the results showed that prompting a nonanalytic strategy ensured performance above chance on both tasks. Conversely, inducing an analytic strategy drastically decreased both explicit and implicit performance. Furthermore, we noted that the nonanalytic strategy involved less extensive gaze scanning than the analytic strategy and that memory effects under this processing strategy were largely independent of gaze movement.

The Effects of Pointing out Failures of Inattentional Blindness on Performance and Situation Awareness

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Dattel ◽  
Jason E. Vogt ◽  
Chelsea C. Sheehan ◽  
Kristen Madjic ◽  
Matthew C. Stefonetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Inattentional Blindness

Conscious access to fear-relevant information is mediated by threshold

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remigiusz Szczepanowski
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
Intrinsic Property ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Emotional Perception ◽  
Fearful Faces ◽  
The Subject

Conscious access to fear-relevant information is mediated by thresholdThe present report proposed a model of access consciousness to fear-relevant information according to which there is a threshold for emotional perception beyond that the subject makes hits with no false alarm. The model was examined by having the participants performed a confidence-ratings masking task with fearful faces. Measures of the thresholds for conscious access were taken by looking at the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves generated from a three-state low- and high-threshold (3-LHT) model by Krantz. Indeed, the analysis of the masking data revealed that the ROCs had threshold-like-nature (a two-limb shape) rather continuous (a curvilinear shape) challenging in this fashion the classical signal-detection view on perceptual processing. Moreover, the threshold ROC curve exhibited the specific y-intercepts relevant to conscious access performance. The study suggests that the threshold can be an intrinsic property of conscious access, mediating emotional contents between perceptual states and consciousness.

Near-Perfect Reconstruction Oversampled Nonuniform Cosine-Modulated Filter Banks Based on Frequency Warping and Subband Merging

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Parfieniuk ◽  
Alexander Petrovsky
Keyword(s):  
Group Delay ◽  
Filter Banks ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
Perfect Reconstruction ◽  
Frequency Warping ◽  
Small Loss ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The One ◽  
Near Perfect Reconstruction

Near-Perfect Reconstruction Oversampled Nonuniform Cosine-Modulated Filter Banks Based on Frequency Warping and Subband MergingA novel method for designing near-perfect reconstruction oversampled nonuniform cosine-modulated filter banks is proposed, which combines frequency warping and subband merging, and thus offers more flexibility than known techniques. On the one hand, desirable frequency partitionings can be better approximated. On the other hand, at the price of only a small loss in partitioning accuracy, both warping strength and number of channels before merging can be adjusted so as to minimize the computational complexity of a system. In particular, the coefficient of the function behind warping can be constrained to be a negative integer power of two, so that multiplications related to allpass filtering can be replaced with more efficient binary shifts. The main idea is accompanied by some contributions to the theory of warped filter banks. Namely, group delay equalization is thoroughly investigated, and it is shown how to avoid significant aliasing by channel oversampling. Our research revolves around filter banks for perceptual processing of sound, which are required to approximate the psychoacoustic scales well and need not guarantee perfect reconstruction.

The Influence of the Unexpected Stimulus'Speed on Inattentional Blindness

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1143-1151
Author(s):  
Cheng-Zhi FENG ◽  
Xia FENG
Keyword(s):  
Inattentional Blindness

To See or Not to See

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Linda Hirsch ◽  
Christina Schneegass ◽  
Robin Welsch ◽  
Andreas Butz
Keyword(s):  
Digital Library ◽  
Inattentional Blindness ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Information Presentation ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Public Square ◽  
User Intentions

People visit public places with different intentions and motivations. While some explore it carefully, others may just want to pass or are otherwise engaged. We investigate how to exploit the inattentional blindness (IB) of indirect users in the design of public interfaces to apply to such diverse needs. Beginning with a structured literature study in the ACM Digital Library on IB, we analyzed 135 publications to derive design strategies that benefit from IB or avoid IB. Using these findings, we selected three existing interfaces for information presentation on a large public square and created two additional interfaces ourselves. We then compared users' perceptions through a self-reported photography study (N = 40). Participants followed one of four scripted profiles to imitate different user intentions, two for direct and two for indirect users. We hypothesized that direct users would recognize the interfaces, while indirect users would experience IB and ignore them. Our results show that direct users reported up to 68% of our interfaces, whereas indirect users noticed only 16%. Thus, IB can be exploited to hide interfaces from indirect users while keeping them noticeable to direct users.

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