Perceptual Dimorphism in Visual Motion from Stationary Patterns

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p3034 ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-335
Author(s):  
Galit Naor-Raz ◽  
Robert Sekuler
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Duration ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Illusory Motion

Fraser and Wilcox [1979 Nature (London)281 565–566] devised a series of complex stationary patterns that provoked episodes of compelling illusory motion, but only in about two-thirds of people tested. Using simplified versions of their stimuli, we have confirmed their claim of perceptual dimorphism. We show that the strength of the illusory motion depends upon stimulus duration, eccentricity, and contrast. The illusory motion does not require fluctuations in accommodation, as has been suggested for some other forms of illusory motion. Finally, we consider the relation of Fraser-type motion to other forms of illusory motion.

Changing Pitch of Sounds Alters Perceived Visual Motion Trajectory

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Takeshima ◽  
Jiro Gyoba
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Motion Perception ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Motion Trajectory ◽  
Illusory Motion ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
Visual Motion Perception ◽  
Visual Inputs

Several studies have examined the effects of auditory stimuli on visual perception. In studies of cross-modal correspondences, auditory pitch has been shown to modulate visual motion perception. In particular, low-reliability visual motion stimuli tend to be affected by metaphorically or physically congruent or incongruent sounds. In the present study, we examined the modulatory effects of auditory pitch on visual perception of motion trajectory for visual inputs of varying reliability. Our results indicated that an auditory pitch implying the illusory motion toward the outside of the visual field-modulated perceived motion trajectory. In contrast, auditory pitch implying the illusory motion toward the central visual field did not affect the perception of motion trajectory. This asymmetrical effect of auditory stimuli occurred depending on the reliability of the visual input. Moreover, sounds that corresponded in terms of their pitch-elevation mapping altered the perception of the trajectory of visual motion when apparent motion could be perceived smoothly. Therefore, the present results demonstrate that auditory stimuli modulate visual motion perception especially when smooth motion is perceived in the peripheral visual field.

Measurement of oscillopsia induced by vestibular Coriolis stimulation

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 289-299
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Sanderson ◽  
Charles M. Oman ◽  
Laurence R. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Time Constant ◽  
Head Movement ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Illusory Motion ◽  
Time Constants ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Visual Elements ◽  
Vestibular Ocular Reflex ◽  
Complex Models

We demonstrate a new method for measuring the time constant of head-movement-contingent oscillopsia (HMCO) produced by vestibular Coriolis stimulation. Subjects briskly rotated their heads around pitch or roll axes whilst seated on a platform rotating at constant velocity. This induced a cross-coupled vestibular Coriolis illusion. Simultaneous with the head movement, a visual display consisting of either a moving field of white dots on a black background or superimposed on a subject-stationary horizon, or a complete virtual room with conventional furnishings appeared. The scene's motion was driven by a simplified computer model of the Coriolis illusion. Subjects either nulled (if visual motion was against the illusory body rotation) or matched (if motion was in the same direction as the illusory motion) the sensation with the exponentially slowing scene motion, by indicating whether its decline was too fast or too slow. The model time constant was approximated using a staircase technique. Time constants comparable to that of the Coriolis vestibular ocular reflex were obtained. Time constants could be significantly reduced by adding subject-stationary visual elements. This technique for measuring oscillopsia might be used to quantify adaptation to artificial gravity environments. In principle more complex models can be used, and applied to other types of oscillopsia such as are experienced by BPPV patients or by astronauts returning to Earth.

scholarly journals Deep Breathing Alters Visual Motion Perception

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Motion Perception ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Deep Breathing ◽  
Illusory Motion ◽  
Visual Motion Perception ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Brain

This article is to provide evidence that deep breathing had great influence on the perception of stimuli that trigger illusory motion perception. We had used two different stimuli; the first one can be considered as bistable rivalrous stimulus because it can trigger illusory motion reversals during its motion. The second stimulus is stationary, namely rotating snakes illusion, it is also bistable rivalrous stimulus because it has two states, stationary versus illusory motion. We had noticed that deep inhalation slows down the speed of the first stimulus and eliminates the illusory motion perception of the second stimulus. This might be because the amount of the hobgoblin red blood cells, possibly including the rich oxygenated ones, might be forcibly reduced in the brain during the intended inhalation, in turn, different parts in the brain, including hMT+ region, might be partially deactivated, see reference 1 and 2. Significant reduction against stimulus’ contrast is known to slow down the perceived speed, it also diminishes the activities of the retinal peripheries and their corresponding neurological connections that collectively build up the peripheral brain; we therefore suspect the peripheral hMT+ region to be inactivated by the deep inhalation. Strong exhalation, however, triggers illusory motion reversal for the first stimulus, and promotes illusory motion perception for the second stimulus; behavior that can be explained by the increased amount of the hobgoblin red blood cells that may activate different necessary regions in the peripheral brain. Astonishingly, we found that deep inhalation and exhalation sufficiently can control the aforementioned bistable visual perception.

scholarly journals The Serpentine Illusion: A Visual Motion Illusion Induced by Phase-Shifted Line Gratings

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxiang Luo ◽  
Zheyuan Chen ◽  
Yiliang Lu ◽  
Lothar Spillmann ◽  
Ian Max Andolina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Perception ◽  
Real Line ◽  
Visual Illusion ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Luminance Contrast ◽  
Magnocellular Pathway ◽  
Illusory Motion ◽  
Vertical Spacing ◽  
Direction Tuning ◽  
Relative Salience

In a pattern of horizontal lines containing ± 45° zigzagging phase-shifted strips, vivid illusory motion is perceived when the pattern is translated up or down at a moderate speed. Two forms of illusory motion are seen: [i] a motion “racing” along the diagonal interface between the strips and [ii] lateral (sideways) motion of the strip sections. We found the relative salience of these two illusory motions to be strongly influenced by the vertical spacing and length of the line gratings, and the period length of the zigzag strips. Both illusory motions are abolished when the abutting strips are interleaved, separated by a gap or when a real line is superimposed at the interface. Illusory motion is also severely weakened when equiluminant colored grating lines are used. Illusory motion perception is fully restored at < 20% luminance contrast. Using adaptation, we find that line-ends alone are insufficient for illusory motion perception, and that both physical carrier motion and line orientation are required. We finally test a classical spatiotemporal energy model of V1 cells that exhibit direction tuning changes that are consistent with the direction of illusory motion. Taking this data together, we constructed a new visual illusion and surmise its origin to interactions of spatial and temporal energy of the lines and line-ends preferentially driving the magnocellular pathway.

scholarly journals Mechanism for analogous illusory motion perception in flies and humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (37) ◽  
pp. 23044-23053
Author(s):  
Margarida Agrochao ◽  
Ryosuke Tanaka ◽  
Emilio Salazar-Gatzimas ◽  
Damon A. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Motion Detection ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Illusory Motion ◽  
Illusory Percept ◽  
Motion Percept ◽  
Human Brains

Visual motion detection is one of the most important computations performed by visual circuits. Yet, we perceive vivid illusory motion in stationary, periodic luminance gradients that contain no true motion. This illusion is shared by diverse vertebrate species, but theories proposed to explain this illusion have remained difficult to test. Here, we demonstrate that in the fruit fly Drosophila, the illusory motion percept is generated by unbalanced contributions of direction-selective neurons’ responses to stationary edges. First, we found that flies, like humans, perceive sustained motion in the stationary gradients. The percept was abolished when the elementary motion detector neurons T4 and T5 were silenced. In vivo calcium imaging revealed that T4 and T5 neurons encode the location and polarity of stationary edges. Furthermore, our proposed mechanistic model allowed us to predictably manipulate both the magnitude and direction of the fly’s illusory percept by selectively silencing either T4 or T5 neurons. Interestingly, human brains possess the same mechanistic ingredients that drive our model in flies. When we adapted human observers to moving light edges or dark edges, we could manipulate the magnitude and direction of their percepts as well, suggesting that mechanisms similar to the fly’s may also underlie this illusion in humans. By taking a comparative approach that exploits Drosophila neurogenetics, our results provide a causal, mechanistic account for a long-known visual illusion. These results argue that this illusion arises from architectures for motion detection that are shared across phyla.

scholarly journals Manual Switching of Visual Motion Rivalry Estimate Human Heart Rate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Deep Breathing ◽  
Illusory Motion ◽  
Bistable Perception ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrythmia

We showed that deep breathing and voluntary hand movements are able to effectively and timely alter visual bistable perception, see reference 1 and 2. Deep breathing and voluntary hand movements require cognitive control, however, deep breathing results in stable respiratory sinus arrythmia; therefore, in this study, we decide to investigate whether the manual switching of visual motion rivalry is linked with the heart rate. We decided to achieve this study because we have previously claimed that it is the respiratory sinus arrythmia process that controls the switching of the visual motion rivalry through the deep breathing, see reference 1. Expectedly, we found that deep inhalation which is associated with the perception of the actual visual martial is able to increase the heart rate; and deep expiration which is associated with the perception of motion reversals is able to decrease the heart rate. Astoundingly, when the human subjects moves their finger in harmony with the actual physical direction which results in the perception of the original materials of the visual stimulus; the heart rate is increased. Illusory motion reversals that appears when the finger is moved in the opposite direction of the actual motion results in deceleration of the heart rate.

The Motion Analogue of the Café Wall Illusion

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuto Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Motion Perception ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Motion Aftereffect ◽  
Illusory Motion ◽  
Space Domain ◽  
Static Test ◽  
First Order ◽  
Motion System ◽  
Motion Energy

Detecting visual motion is computationally equivalent to detecting spatiotemporally oriented contours. The question addressed in this study is whether the illusory oriented contour in the space–space domain induces corresponding illusory motion perception. Two experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, the Café Wall pattern, which elicits a strong illusion of orientation (Café Wall illusion), was found to induce an illusion of motion when this pattern was converted to the space – time domain. The strength of the motion illusion depends on the mortar luminance and width, as for the Café Wall illusion. In experiment 2, the adaptation to this illusion of motion was found to induce a motion aftereffect in a static test, which indicates that a first-order-motion system contributes to the induction of the motion illusion. In fact, the motion-energy model was able to predict the strength of this motion aftereffect.

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