The Motion Analogue of the Café Wall Illusion

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuto Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Motion Perception ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Motion Aftereffect ◽  
Illusory Motion ◽  
Space Domain ◽  
Static Test ◽  
First Order ◽  
Motion System ◽  
Motion Energy

Detecting visual motion is computationally equivalent to detecting spatiotemporally oriented contours. The question addressed in this study is whether the illusory oriented contour in the space–space domain induces corresponding illusory motion perception. Two experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, the Café Wall pattern, which elicits a strong illusion of orientation (Café Wall illusion), was found to induce an illusion of motion when this pattern was converted to the space – time domain. The strength of the motion illusion depends on the mortar luminance and width, as for the Café Wall illusion. In experiment 2, the adaptation to this illusion of motion was found to induce a motion aftereffect in a static test, which indicates that a first-order-motion system contributes to the induction of the motion illusion. In fact, the motion-energy model was able to predict the strength of this motion aftereffect.

Topography of evoked potentials associated with illusory motion perception as a motion aftereffect

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Kobayashi ◽  
Aihide Yoshino ◽  
Tsuneyuki Ogasawara ◽  
Soichiro Nomura
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Motion Perception ◽  
Motion Aftereffect ◽  
Illusory Motion

Changing Pitch of Sounds Alters Perceived Visual Motion Trajectory

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Takeshima ◽  
Jiro Gyoba
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Motion Perception ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Motion Trajectory ◽  
Illusory Motion ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
Visual Motion Perception ◽  
Visual Inputs

Several studies have examined the effects of auditory stimuli on visual perception. In studies of cross-modal correspondences, auditory pitch has been shown to modulate visual motion perception. In particular, low-reliability visual motion stimuli tend to be affected by metaphorically or physically congruent or incongruent sounds. In the present study, we examined the modulatory effects of auditory pitch on visual perception of motion trajectory for visual inputs of varying reliability. Our results indicated that an auditory pitch implying the illusory motion toward the outside of the visual field-modulated perceived motion trajectory. In contrast, auditory pitch implying the illusory motion toward the central visual field did not affect the perception of motion trajectory. This asymmetrical effect of auditory stimuli occurred depending on the reliability of the visual input. Moreover, sounds that corresponded in terms of their pitch-elevation mapping altered the perception of the trajectory of visual motion when apparent motion could be perceived smoothly. Therefore, the present results demonstrate that auditory stimuli modulate visual motion perception especially when smooth motion is perceived in the peripheral visual field.

scholarly journals Deep Breathing Alters Visual Motion Perception

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Motion Perception ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Deep Breathing ◽  
Illusory Motion ◽  
Visual Motion Perception ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Brain

This article is to provide evidence that deep breathing had great influence on the perception of stimuli that trigger illusory motion perception. We had used two different stimuli; the first one can be considered as bistable rivalrous stimulus because it can trigger illusory motion reversals during its motion. The second stimulus is stationary, namely rotating snakes illusion, it is also bistable rivalrous stimulus because it has two states, stationary versus illusory motion. We had noticed that deep inhalation slows down the speed of the first stimulus and eliminates the illusory motion perception of the second stimulus. This might be because the amount of the hobgoblin red blood cells, possibly including the rich oxygenated ones, might be forcibly reduced in the brain during the intended inhalation, in turn, different parts in the brain, including hMT+ region, might be partially deactivated, see reference 1 and 2. Significant reduction against stimulus’ contrast is known to slow down the perceived speed, it also diminishes the activities of the retinal peripheries and their corresponding neurological connections that collectively build up the peripheral brain; we therefore suspect the peripheral hMT+ region to be inactivated by the deep inhalation. Strong exhalation, however, triggers illusory motion reversal for the first stimulus, and promotes illusory motion perception for the second stimulus; behavior that can be explained by the increased amount of the hobgoblin red blood cells that may activate different necessary regions in the peripheral brain. Astonishingly, we found that deep inhalation and exhalation sufficiently can control the aforementioned bistable visual perception.

Attentional Modulation of Self-Motion Perception

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p5037 ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiteru Kitazaki ◽  
Takao Sato
Keyword(s):  
Motion Perception ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Depth Plane ◽  
Relative Depth ◽  
Attentional Modulation ◽  
Motion Energy ◽  
Large Display ◽  
Attentional Effect ◽  
Self Motion ◽  
Direction Opposite

Attentional effects on self-motion perception (vection) were examined by using a large display in which vertical stripes containing upward or downward moving dots were interleaved to balance the total motion energy for the two directions. The dots moving in the same direction had the same colour, and subjects were asked to attend to one of the two colours. Vection was perceived in the direction opposite to that of non-attended motion. This indicates that non-attended visual motion dominates vection. The attentional effect was then compared with effects of relative depth. Clear attentional effects were again found when there was no relative depth between dots moving in opposite directions, but the effect of depth was much stronger for stimuli with a relative depth. Vection was mainly determined by motion in the far depth plane, although some attentional effects were evident even in this case. These results indicate that attentional modulation for vection exists, but that it is overridden when there is a relative depth between the two motion components.

Frames of Reference and Motion Aftereffects

Perception ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1257-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T Swanston
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Motion Perception ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Motion Aftereffect ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Phenomenal Experience ◽  
Visual Motion Perception ◽  
Underlying Process ◽  
Motion Aftereffects

Evidence concerning the origin of the motion aftereffect (MAE) is assessed in terms of a model of levels of representation in visual motion perception proposed by Wade and Swanston. Very few experiments have been designed so as to permit unambiguous conclusions to be drawn. The requirements for such experiments are identified. Whereas retinocentric motion could in principle give rise to the MAE, data are not available which would enable a conclusion to be drawn. There is good evidence for a patterncentric origin, indicating that the MAE is primarily the result of adaptation in the systems responsible for detecting relative visual motion. There is evidence for a further contribution from the process that compensates retinocentric motion for eye movements, in the form of nonveridical information for eye movements. There may also be an effect at the level at which perceived distance and self-movement information are combined with egocentric motion to give a geocentric representation which provides the basis for reports of phenomenal experience. It is concluded that the MAE can be caused by changes in activity at more than one level of representation, and cannot be ascribed to a single underlying process.

scholarly journals Visual Motion Influences the Contingent Auditory Motion Aftereffect

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Vroomen ◽  
Beatrice de Gelder
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Function ◽  
Motion Perception ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Motion Aftereffect ◽  
Motion Processing ◽  
Induction Phase ◽  
Motion Information ◽  
Auditory Motion ◽  
Auditory Motion Aftereffect

In this study, we show that the contingent auditory motion aftereffect is strongly influenced by visual motion information. During an induction phase, participants listened to rightward-moving sounds with falling pitch alternated with leftward-moving sounds with rising pitch (or vice versa). Auditory aftereffects (i.e., a shift in the psychometric function for unimodal auditory motion perception) were bigger when a visual stimulus moved in the same direction as the sound than when no visual stimulus was presented. When the visual stimulus moved in the opposite direction, aftereffects were reversed and thus became contingent upon visual motion. When visual motion was combined with a stationary sound, no aftereffect was observed. These findings indicate that there are strong perceptual links between the visual and auditory motion-processing systems.

scholarly journals Properties of smooth pursuit and visual motion reaction time to second-order motion stimuli

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243430
Author(s):  
Takeshi Miyamoto ◽  
Kenichiro Miura ◽  
Tomohiro Kizuka ◽  
Seiji Ono
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Motion Perception ◽  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Image Motion ◽  
Visual Motion Perception ◽  
First Order ◽  
Pursuit Initiation ◽  
Neurophysiological Studies

A large number of psychophysical and neurophysiological studies have demonstrated that smooth pursuit eye movements are tightly related to visual motion perception. This could be due to the fact that visual motion sensitive cortical areas such as meddle temporal (MT), medial superior temporal (MST) areas are involved in motion perception as well as pursuit initiation. Although the directional-discrimination and perceived target velocity tasks are used to evaluate visual motion perception, it is still uncertain whether the speed of visual motion perception, which is determined by visuomotor reaction time (RT) to a small target, is related to pursuit initiation. Therefore, we attempted to determine the relationship between pursuit latency/acceleration and the visual motion RT which was measured to the visual motion stimuli that moved leftward or rightward. The participants were instructed to fixate on a stationary target and press one of the buttons corresponding to the direction of target motion as soon as possible once the target starts to move. We applied five different visual motion stimuli including first- and second-order motion for smooth pursuit and visual motion RT tasks. It is well known that second-order motion induces lower retinal image motion, which elicits weaker responses in MT and MST compared to first-order motion stimuli. Our results showed that pursuit initiation including latency and initial eye acceleration were suppressed by second-order motion. In addition, second-order motion caused a delay in visual motion RT. The better performances in both pursuit initiation and visual motion RT were observed for first-order motion, whereas second-order (theta motion) induced remarkable deficits in both variables. Furthermore, significant Pearson’s correlation and within-subjects correlation coefficients were obtained between visual motion RT and pursuit latency/acceleration. Our findings support the suggestion that there is a common neuronal pathway involved in both pursuit initiation and the speed of visual motion perception.

Lack of Effect of Stimulant and Depressant Drugs on Spiral Aftereffect

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1263-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Scott ◽  
Robert A. Bragg ◽  
Augustus E. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Motion Perception ◽  
Exponential Decay ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Motion Aftereffect ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Decay Function ◽  
Neuron Firing ◽  
Actual Measurement ◽  
Visual Motion Perception ◽  
Exponential Decay Function

Eysenck's claim that sodium amytal shortens and dexedrine lengthens the duration of spiral aftereffect was not borne out in any of four experiments designed to demonstrate it, including a replication of his study. A further replication, different only in the stimulus used, yielded no effect of amytal or dexedrine. Actual measurement of aftereffect rate immediately following the eliciting stimulus and after selected delays showed an exponential decay function for aftereffect rate but did not demonstrate any effect of the two drugs. This repeated failure to demonstrate a change in aftereffect as a result of the administration of drugs known to affect neuron firing thresholds has implications for the understanding of neurophysiology of visual motion perception. It was proposed that motion aftereffect is based on a comparison of the states of two neural systems both of which are equally affected by the drugs.

scholarly journals The Serpentine Illusion: A Visual Motion Illusion Induced by Phase-Shifted Line Gratings

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxiang Luo ◽  
Zheyuan Chen ◽  
Yiliang Lu ◽  
Lothar Spillmann ◽  
Ian Max Andolina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Perception ◽  
Real Line ◽  
Visual Illusion ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Luminance Contrast ◽  
Magnocellular Pathway ◽  
Illusory Motion ◽  
Vertical Spacing ◽  
Direction Tuning ◽  
Relative Salience

In a pattern of horizontal lines containing ± 45° zigzagging phase-shifted strips, vivid illusory motion is perceived when the pattern is translated up or down at a moderate speed. Two forms of illusory motion are seen: [i] a motion “racing” along the diagonal interface between the strips and [ii] lateral (sideways) motion of the strip sections. We found the relative salience of these two illusory motions to be strongly influenced by the vertical spacing and length of the line gratings, and the period length of the zigzag strips. Both illusory motions are abolished when the abutting strips are interleaved, separated by a gap or when a real line is superimposed at the interface. Illusory motion is also severely weakened when equiluminant colored grating lines are used. Illusory motion perception is fully restored at < 20% luminance contrast. Using adaptation, we find that line-ends alone are insufficient for illusory motion perception, and that both physical carrier motion and line orientation are required. We finally test a classical spatiotemporal energy model of V1 cells that exhibit direction tuning changes that are consistent with the direction of illusory motion. Taking this data together, we constructed a new visual illusion and surmise its origin to interactions of spatial and temporal energy of the lines and line-ends preferentially driving the magnocellular pathway.

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