Reproduction of Object Shape is More Accurate without the Continued Availability of Visual Information

Perception ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel-Ange Amorim ◽  
Jack M Loomis ◽  
Sergio S Fukusima
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Internal Representation ◽  
Stimulus Configuration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Distant Stimulus ◽  
Perspective Change ◽  
Visual Presence ◽  
Viewpoint Change ◽  
Actual Change

An unfamiliar configuration lying in depth and viewed from a distance is typically seen as foreshortened. The hypothesis motivating this research was that a change in an observer's viewpoint even when the configuration is no longer visible induces an imaginal updating of the internal representation and thus reduces the degree of foreshortening. In experiment 1, observers attempted to reproduce configurations defined by three small glowing balls on a table 2 m distant under conditions of darkness following ‘viewpoint change’ instructions. In one condition, observers reproduced the continuously visible configuration using three other glowing balls on a nearer table while imagining standing at the distant table. In the other condition, observers viewed the configuration, it was then removed, and they walked in darkness to the far table and reproduced the configuration. Even though the observers received no additional information about the stimulus configuration in walking to the table, they were more accurate (less foreshortening) than in the other condition. In experiment 2, observers reproduced distant configurations on a nearer table more accurately when doing so from memory than when doing so while viewing the distant stimulus configuration. In experiment 3, observers performed both the real and imagined perspective change after memorizing the remote configuration. The results of the three experiments indicate that the continued visual presence of the target configuration impedes imaginary perspective-change performance and that an actual change in viewpoint does not increase reproduction accuracy substantially over that obtained with an imagined change in viewpoint.

Redescription of Butlerius butleri Goodey, 1929 (Nematoda: Diplogastridae) from South Korea

Nematology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Il-Kweon Yeon ◽  
Gaurav Singh ◽  
Irfan Ahmad ◽  
Chung-Don Choi
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Type Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Korean Population ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Caudal Region ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Type Population

AbstractThe type species of the genus Butlerius, viz., B. butleri Goodey, 1929, is redescribed and illustrated from specimens collected in South Korea. Additional information is provided for the cuticle, stoma structure, female reproductive system and the male caudal region. The Korean population is 1336-1857 μm long, a = 33.9-43.5, b = 5.41-6.34, c = 3.38-4.20, c′ = 14.13-19.0 and V = 40-45%. Males have spicules 39-49 μm long and a gubernaculum 25-33 μm long. There are nine pairs of genital papillae, three pairs precloacal and six pairs postcloacal. The v5,6,7 clusters are widely separated, one group situated just posterior to the phasmids and the other group at level of pd. Although there are some differences in morphometrics as compared with the type population, the species is easily identified by the similarities in the structure of the stoma, pharynx, spicules and gubernaculum. Butlerius singularis and B. filicaudatus are proposed as synonyms of the type species.

Significance of analysis of the mechanism of fingermarks formation, sizes and location – casework examples

2018 ◽  
Vol 301 ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Tomasz Kowalski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fatal Accident ◽  
Preliminary Stage ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
First Case ◽  
Initial Stage

The aim of the article to present the role of analysing the manner of generating fingermarks in the investigative proceedings. These examinations are based on the analysis of the location of the marks on a given background and aim at providing the requesting party additional information about the circumstances of the investigated incident. The Author refers to two unusual cases, in which Voivodeship Police Command Forensic Laboratory issued expert opinions in the area of fingerprint identification. In the first case, at the initial stage of the proceedings the circumstances and recovered evidential fingermarks indicated a fatal accident or manslaughter by means of a firearm. In the other case at the preliminary stage recovered evidence did not allow identification of the perpetrator due to incorrectly selected exhibits. These cases would not be off special interest to us without the significant role of proper recovering of fingermarks and their analysis in a broader context than just identification.

Evoked Potentials by Letters in Printed and Script Forms

1984 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Mecacci ◽  
Dario Salmaso
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Visual Evoked Potentials ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
The Other ◽  
Behavioral Data ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Amplitude Component ◽  
Male Subjects

Visual evoked potentials were recorded for 6 adult male subjects in response to single vowels and consonants in printed and script forms. Analysis showed the vowels in the printed form to have evoked responses with shorter latency (component P1 at about 133 msec.) and larger amplitude (component P1-N1) than the other letter-typeface combinations. No hemispheric asymmetries were found. The results partially agree with the behavioral data on the visual information-processing of letters.

Evaluation of dialysis treatment in uremic patients by gel filtration of serum

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1906-1910 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Osada ◽  
T Gea ◽  
C Sanz ◽  
I Millan ◽  
J Botella
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dialysis Treatment ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Molecular Masses ◽  
Two Peaks

Abstract A group of substances of molecular masses between 300 and 1500 Da have been found to be toxic metabolites in patients with uremia. We determined the concentration in serum of these molecules in the following groups of patients: two hemodialyzed groups (one with cuprophane and the other with polyacrylonitrile dialyzers), one group treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, one group of nondialyzed azotemic patients, and one control group of healthy persons. Ultrafiltrates of the subjects' sera were fractionated on Sephadex G-15 followed by ion-exchange chromatography. Eluates were monitored by absorbance at 254 and 206 nm. Partially characterized peaks P1 and P2, obtained by gel filtration, correlated with the concentration of creatinine in serum; their concentrations were significantly (P less than 0.01) larger in hemodialyzed groups than in peritoneal dialyzed or in nondialyzed azotemic patients. After ion-exchange chromatography, two peaks (P'5 and P'6) correlated with serum creatinine and also were larger in hemodialyzed patients than in the other groups. Apparently, adequate discrimination is obtained by gel-filtration analysis and further analysis by ion-exchange chromatography does not provide additional information in most of the affected patients.

scholarly journals Development of a Selective Extinction through Cognitive Evaluation Paradigm

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birthe Macdonald ◽  
Tom Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Stimulus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Extinction Group ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Cognitive Evaluation ◽  
Skin Conductance Responses ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Conditioned Responses ◽  
Selective Extinction

In this study we trialled a novel paradigm that aims to bridge the gap between the research into the extinction of conditioned responses and the instructed regulation of emotion via a prescribed strategy. This was done through a process we called Selective Extinction through Cognitive Evaluation (SECE). Participants were conditioned to associate a previously neutral stimulus (letter, CS+) with an aversive burst of white noise (US) and another letter with no aversive event (CS-). In a second phase, the same letters were presented within words belonging to two distinct categories. One group did not receive any more noise bursts during this phase which lead to the extinction of the conditioned responses (extinction group). The other group (SECE group) was told that the CS+ now only carried a risk of the noise occurring when it was presented in one (dangerous), but not the other word category (safe). Affective responses were assessed using skin conductance responses (SCR). We found overall increased SCR’s in response to CS+ (safe and dangerous) compared to CS- trials in the SECE group, and also increased SCR’s in response to dangerous compared to safe CS+ trials. This suggests that the conditioned response (CR) can be reduced through the cognitive evaluation of additional information and it is possible that extinction mechanisms are involved in this process. We did not find any effects in the extinction group. It is possible that extinction was completed too quickly so that any differences between conditions could not be captured. We therefore conducted a second study to pilot an improved paradigm. We visually amended the trials, amended the reinforcement schedule, and changed to a fully within-subjects design. Here we once again found significantly reduced SCR to safe compared to dangerous CS+ trials. Future experiments will use these results as a basis for an improved paradigm to better capture changes in SCR as well as BOLD fMRI in future experiments.

Multidetectors for Analysis of the Composition of Copolymers as a Function of Molecular Size Distribution by Steric Exclusion Chromatography

1973 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Harmon ◽  
V. L. Folt
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Steric Exclusion ◽  
Gel Permeation ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Molecular Size Distribution

Abstract Analysis of molecular size distribution of polymers by steric exclusion liquid chromatography (GPC) is well known. Problems exist, however. These problems involve copolymers and polymer blends. The objectives of the research were to develop methods of analyzing comonomer distribution in copolymers, to study the breakdown of one polymer independent of another in a polymer blend, and to obtain any additional information as might be available. The separations were performed on a Waters Model 200 Gel Permeation Chromatograph. Detectors employed were a Waters R-4 differential refractometer, a Wilks Miran-1 infrared analyzer, and a Beckman Model 144 UV photometer. Examples are given of analysis of average styrene, styrene distribution, and oil content of oil extended SBR. The data is compared with that obtained by other methods. In general the agreement is good. The ability to examine one polymer of a blend independent of the other is also demonstrated. Since elastomers are frequently used as blends, this becomes very important to such studies as milling and extrusion behavior.

Terjemahan syat Mutashabihat: snalisis fungsi prosedur kksplisitasi

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-170
Author(s):  
Nasimah Abdullah ◽  
Lubna Abd. Rahman ◽  
Abur Hamdi Usman
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Text Content

A mutashabihat verse (anthropomorphism) is a verse that contains many interpretations as it has various dimensions of meaning. Explicitation is one of the translation procedures introduced by Vinay and Darbelnet as an effort to make the target language readers understand clearly the implicit meaning contained in the source text. In other words, the implicit meaning contained in the source text can be revealed into the target text through this procedure. A translator whose role is to transfer the meaning of source text is always bounded by a certain ideology that will influence his translation works. This study aims to examine the forms of explicitation used in the translation of the mutashabihat verses in the Quran and relate them to translators’ ideologies. This study adopted a qualitative approach that led to the analysis of text content of the Quran, which is elaborated descriptively by selecting three (3) words found in the text of the Quran that is related to Allah, as the sample of the study which are )يد( ,)استوى( and (أعين ). The corpus texts used are the Malay Quran translation by Abdullah Basmeih, Mahmud Yunus, and Zaini Dahlan. The findings showed that the translation of the mutashabihat verses used various forms of explicitation to enhance a clearer understanding of the target readers to the meaning of the Qur'an, such as lexical specification, the addition of explanatory remarks, additional information in brackets and footnotes. In addition, studies found that Mahmud Yunus and Zaini Dahlan retained the meaning of translated mutashabihat verses literally without giving an esoteric interpretation of the Quran and sometimes inclined towards the ideology of al-Ta’wil. On the other hand, Abdullah Basmeih was more prone to the ideologies of al-Ta’wil and al-Ithbat bi Dawabit in translating the verses. ABSTRAK Ayat mutashabihat ialah ayat yang mengandungi banyak pentafsiran kerana mempunyai pelbagai dimensi makna. Eksplisitasi pula ialah salah satu prosedur terjemahan yang diperkenalkan oleh Vinay dan Darbelnet sebagai usaha agar pembaca bahasa sasaran memahami dengan jelas makna implisit yang terkandung di dalam teks sumber. Melalui prosedur ini, bentuk makna implisit yang terkandung di dalam teks sumber dapat dizahirkan ke dalam teks sasaran. Penterjemah selaku pihak yang memainkan peranan dalam memindahkan makna sebenarnya sentiasa terikat dengan ideologi tertentu yang akan mewarnai teks sasaran yang dihasilkannya. Kajian ini bertujuan meneliti bentuk eksplisitasi yang terdapat dalam terjemahan ayat-ayat mutashabihat dalam al-Quran serta menghubungkaitkannya dengan pengaruh aliran pemikiran yang dipegang oleh penterjemah. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang menjurus kepada analisis kandungan teks al-Quran yang dihurai secara deskriptif dengan memilih tiga (3) perkataan yang dinisbahkan kepada Allah SWT yang terdapat dalam teks al-Quran sebagai sampel kajian iaitu lafaz )ىوتسا(, )دي( dan (أعين ). Korpus kajian pula adalah teks al-Quran yang diterjemahkan oleh Abdullah Basmeih, Mahmud Yunus dan Zaini Dahlan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa terjemahan ayat-ayat mutashabihat menggunakan pelbagai bentuk eksplisitasi untuk memberi kefahaman yang lebih jelas kepada pembaca sasaran terhadap makna al-Quran iaitu bentuk pengkhususan, penambahan maklumat, maklumat tambahan dalam kurungan dan nota kaki. Selain itu, kajian juga mendapati bahawa Mahmud Yunus dan Zaini Dahlan mengekalkan makna literal teks al-Quran tanpa takwilan dan kadang-kadang condong kepada aliran pemikiran al-Ta’wil dalam menterjemahkan ayat mutashabihat. Manakala Abdullah Basmeih pula lebih cenderung kepada aliran pemikiran al-Takwil dan al-Ithbat bi Dawabit dalam memberikan maksud ayat mutashabihat.

ANALISIS PENGARUH CITRA MEREK DAN KEPUASAN PELANGGAN TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN SIM CARD TELKOMSEL ( Studi Kasus Pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Katolik Santo Thomas Sumatera Utara )

2017 ◽  
pp. 51-73
Author(s):  
Ida M Manullang
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Brand Image ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Sim Card ◽  
Image Variables

The purpose of this study to analyze the effect of brand image variables and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty Sim Card Telkomsel partially or simultaneously. Benefits of research, for the Academic. In addition to the literature and reference material for further research and for the Other Party. In addition to science and additional information on how to create customer loyalty. Number of samples of 60 respondents, method of data collection through questioner and documentation, method of data analysis with multiple regression The results of the first regression equation: LP = 3.503 + 0.246CM + 0.337KP This means that brand image and customer satisfaction have a positive influence on customer loyalty. The correlation coefficient (r) = .631. The coefficient of determination (r2) =. 398, meaning the variable of brand image and customer satisfaction able to explain equal to 39,8% while the rest equal to 60,2% explained by other variable outside this model. Based on the F test known the value of F = 15.672 significance 0.000

Split brains

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Schechter
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
The Other ◽  
Brain Surgery ◽  
Interhemispheric Interaction ◽  
Split Brain ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

The largest fibre tract in the human brain connects the two cerebral hemispheres. A ‘split-brain’ surgery severs this structure, sometimes together with other white matter tracts connecting the right hemisphere and the left. Split-brain surgeries have long been performed on non-human animals for experimental purposes, but a number of these surgeries were also performed on adult human beings in the second half of the twentieth century, as a medical treatment for severe cases of epilepsy. A number of these people afterwards agreed to participate in ongoing research into the psychobehavioural consequences of the procedure. These experiments have helped to show that the corpus callosum is a significant source of interhemispheric interaction and information exchange in the ‘neurotypical’ brain. After split-brain surgery, the two hemispheres operate unusually independently of each other in the realm of perception, cognition, and the control of action. For instance, each hemisphere receives visual information directly from the opposite (‘contralateral’) side of space, the right hemisphere from the left visual field and the left hemisphere from the right visual field. This is true of the normal (‘neurotypical’) brain too, but in the neurotypical case interhemispheric tracts allow either hemisphere to gain access to the information that the other has received. In a split-brain subject however the information more or less stays put in whatever hemisphere initially received it. And it isn’t just visual information that is confined to one hemisphere or the other after the surgery. Rather, after split-brain surgery, each hemisphere is the source of proprietary perceptual information of various kinds, and is also the source of proprietary memories, intentions, and aptitudes. Various notions of psychological unity or integration have always been central to notions of mind, personhood, and the self. Although split-brain surgery does not prevent interhemispheric interaction or exchange, it naturally alters and impedes it. So does the split-brain subject as a whole nonetheless remain a unitary psychological being? Or could there now be two such psychological beings within one human animal – sharing one body, one face, one voice? Prominent neuropsychologists working with the subjects have often appeared to argue or assume that a split-brain subject has a divided or disunified consciousness and even two minds. Although a number of philosophers agree, the majority seem to have resisted these conscious and mental ‘duality claims’, defending alternative interpretations of the split-brain experimental results. The sources of resistance are diverse, including everything from a commitment to the necessary unity of consciousness, to recognition of those psychological processes that remain interhemispherically integrated, to concerns about what the moral and legal consequences would be of recognizing multiple psychological beings in one body. On the other hand underlying most of these arguments against the various ‘duality’ claims is the simple fact that the split-brain subject does not appear to be two persons, but one – and there are powerful conceptual, social, and moral connections between being a unitary person on the one hand and having a unified consciousness and mind on the other.

scholarly journals Sub-optimality in motor planning is not improved by explicit observation of motor uncertainty

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiji Ota ◽  
Masahiro Shinya ◽  
Laurence T. Maloney ◽  
Kazutoshi Kudo
Keyword(s):  
Motor Planning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Insufficient Information ◽  
Reaching Task ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Optimal Decisions ◽  
Decisions Under Risk ◽  
Motor Error ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Decision Tasks

Abstract To make optimal decisions under risk, one must correctly weight potential rewards and penalties by the probabilities of receiving them. In motor decision tasks, the uncertainty in outcome is a consequence of motor uncertainty. When participants perform suboptimally as they often do in such tasks, it could be because they have insufficient information about their motor uncertainty: with more information, their performance could converge to optimal as they learn their own motor uncertainty. Alternatively, their suboptimal performance may reflect an inability to make use of the information they have or even to perform the correct computations. To discriminate between these two possibilities, we performed an experiment spanning two days. On the first day, all participants performed a reaching task with trial-by-trial feedback of motor error. At the end of the day, their aim points were still typically suboptimal. On the second day participants were divided into two groups one of which repeated the task of the first day and the other of which repeated the task but were intermittently given additional information summarizing their motor errors. Participants receiving additional information did not perform significantly better than those who did not.

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