Perceived Onset Simultaneity of Stimuli with Unequal Durations

Perception ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 715-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Jaśkowski
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Order ◽  
Temporal Order Judgment ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Constant Stimulus ◽  
Point Of Subjective Simultaneity ◽  
Subjective Simultaneity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Stimulus Offset ◽  
Method Of Adjustment

Temporal-order judgment was investigated for a pair of visual stimuli with different durations in order to check whether offset asynchrony can disturb the perception of the order/simultaneity of onset. In experiment 1 the point of subjective simultaneity was estimated by the method of adjustment. The difference in duration of the two stimuli in the pair was either 0 or 50 ms. It was found that the subject shifts the onset of the shorter stimulus towards the offset of the longer one to obtain a satisfying impression of simultaneity even though the subject was asked to ignore the events concerning the stimulus offset. In experiments 2 and 3 the method of constant stimulus was applied. Both experiments indicate that subjects, in spite of instruction, take into account the offset asynchrony in their judgment.

Temporal-Order Judgment and Reaction Time to Stimuli of Different Rise Times

Perception ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 963-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Jaśkowski
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Temporal Order Judgment ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Point Of Subjective Simultaneity ◽  
Subjective Simultaneity ◽  
The Subject

Point of subjective simultaneity and simple reaction time were compared for stimuli with different rise times. It was found that these measures behave differently. To explain the result it is suggested that in the case of temporal-order judgment the subject takes into account not only the stimulus onset but also other events connected with stimulus presentation.

scholarly journals Visual field differences in temporal synchrony processing for audio-visual stimuli

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261129
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Takeshima
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Temporal Order Judgment ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
Temporal Synchrony ◽  
Simultaneity Judgment ◽  
Subjective Simultaneity

Audio-visual integration relies on temporal synchrony between visual and auditory inputs. However, differences in traveling and transmitting speeds between visual and auditory stimuli exist; therefore, audio-visual synchrony perception exhibits flexible functions. The processing speed of visual stimuli affects the perception of audio-visual synchrony. The present study examined the effects of visual fields, in which visual stimuli are presented, for the processing of audio-visual temporal synchrony. The point of subjective simultaneity, the temporal binding window, and the rapid recalibration effect were measured using temporal order judgment, simultaneity judgment, and stream/bounce perception, because different mechanisms of temporal processing have been suggested among these three paradigms. The results indicate that auditory stimuli should be presented earlier for visual stimuli in the central visual field than in the peripheral visual field condition in order to perceive subjective simultaneity in the temporal order judgment task conducted in this study. Meanwhile, the subjective simultaneity bandwidth was broader in the central visual field than in the peripheral visual field during the simultaneity judgment task. In the stream/bounce perception task, neither the point of subjective simultaneity nor the temporal binding window differed between the two types of visual fields. Moreover, rapid recalibration occurred in both visual fields during the simultaneity judgment tasks. However, during the temporal order judgment task and stream/bounce perception, rapid recalibration occurred only in the central visual field. These results suggest that differences in visual processing speed based on the visual field modulate the temporal processing of audio-visual stimuli. Furthermore, these three tasks, temporal order judgment, simultaneity judgment, and stream/bounce perception, each have distinct functional characteristics for audio-visual synchrony perception. Future studies are necessary to confirm the effects of compensation regarding differences in the temporal resolution of the visual field in later cortical visual pathways on visual field differences in audio-visual temporal synchrony.

scholarly journals Early Capture of Attention by Self-Face: Investigation Using a Temporal Order Judgment Task

i-Perception ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 204166952110329
Author(s):  
Aditi Jublie ◽  
Devpriya Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Order ◽  
Temporal Order Judgment ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
The Self ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Point Of Subjective Simultaneity ◽  
Unfamiliar Face ◽  
Subjective Simultaneity ◽  
Face Experiment

Earlier work on self-face processing has reported a bias in the processing of self-face result in faster response to self-face in comparison to other familiar and unfamiliar faces (termed as self-face advantage or SFA). Even though most studies agree that the SFA occurs due to an attentional bias, there is little agreement regarding the stage at which it occurs. While a large number of studies show self-face influencing processing later at disengagement stage, early event-related potential components show differential activity for the self-face suggesting that SFA occurs early. We address this contradiction using a cueless temporal order judgment task that allows us to investigate early perceptual processing, while bias due to top-down expectation is controlled. A greater shift in point of subjective simultaneity for self-face would indicate a greater processing advantage at early perceptual stage. With help of two experiments, we show an early perceptual advantage for self-face, compared to both a friend’s face and an unfamiliar face (Experiment 1). This advantage is present even when the effect of criterion shift is minimized (Experiment 2). Interestingly, the magnitude of advantage is similar for self-friend and self-unfamiliar pair. The evidence from the two experiments suggests early capture of attention as a likely reason for the SFA, which is present for the self-face but not for other familiar faces.

Atypical Effects of Visual Interference on Tactile Temporal Order Judgment in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Makoto Wada ◽  
Hanako Ikeda ◽  
Shinichiro Kumagaya
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Order ◽  
Temporal Order Judgment ◽  
Multisensory Processing ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Rubber Hand ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Visual Interference ◽  
Tactile Temporal Order Judgment

Abstract Visual distractors interfere with tactile temporal order judgment (TOJ) at moderately short stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) in typically developing participants. Presentation of a rubber hand in a forward direction to the participant’s hand enhances this effect, while that in an inverted direction weakens the effect. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have atypical multisensory processing; however, effects of interferences on atypical multisensory processing in ASD remain unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of visual interference on tactile TOJ in individuals with ASD. Two successive tactile stimuli were delivered to the index and ring fingers of a participant’s right hand in an opaque box. A rubber hand was placed on the box in a forward or inverted direction. Concurrently, visual stimuli provided by light-emitting diodes on the fingers of the rubber hand were delivered in a congruent or incongruent order. Participants were required to judge the temporal order of the tactile stimuli regardless of visual distractors. In the absence of a visual stimulus, participants with ASD tended to judge the simultaneous stimuli as the ring finger being stimulated first during tactile TOJ compared with typically developing (TD) controls, and congruent visual stimuli eliminated the bias. When incongruent visual stimuli were delivered, judgment was notably reversed in participants with ASD, regardless of the direction of the rubber hand. The findings demonstrate that there are considerable effects of visual interferences on tactile TOJ in individuals with ASD.

The effect of vision on tactile TOJ during arm crossing

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Makoto Wada ◽  
Kenji Kansaku
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Temporal Order Judgment ◽  
Psychophysical Experiment ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
Tactile Temporal Order Judgment

When people cross their arms, subjective rank ordering of successive unseen tactile stimuli delivered to both arms is affected (often being reversed) (Shore et al., 2002; Yamamoto and Kitazawa, 2001). It is also known that vision plays a significant role in modulating perceived limb position (Graziano et al., 2000). In this study, we examined the effect of vision; i.e., eyes opening and closing on tactile temporal order judgment (TOJ) with their arms crossed or uncrossed. In a psychophysical experiment, participants (, 13 males, 27.3 ± 1.8 y.o.) were required to judge temporal order of two tactile stimuli that were delivered to their both ring fingers with four conditions: uncrossed arms with eyes closed, crossed arms with eyes closed, uncrossed arms with eyes open and crossed arms with eyes open. To evaluate judgment probabilities of the participants, degree of reversals of their judgment was calculated as the sum of differences between correct response rates of the arms crossed condition and those of the arms uncrossed condition. In arms uncrossed conditions, judgment probabilities of the participants were not significantly different between eyes closed and open conditions. In contrast, reversal of the judgment with eyes closed was significantly larger than that with eyes open in arms crossed conditions (). The results suggest that vision play a significant role in tactile order judgment when the subject arms crossed.

A Dissociation between Reaction Time to Sinusoidal Gratings and Temporal-Order Judgment

Perception ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Tappe ◽  
Michael Niepel ◽  
Odmar Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Comparison Stimulus ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Temporal Order Judgment ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Visual Latency ◽  
Sinusoidal Gratings ◽  
Sharp Edges

The effect of the spatial frequency (SF) of visual gratings on reaction time (RT) and temporal-order judgment (TOJ) was examined in three experiments. In experiment 1 the visual stimuli were vertical sinusoidal gratings with SFs between 2 and 8 cycles deg−1 and the comparison stimulus in the TOJ task was a 2300 Hz tone. Whereas SF had a highly significant effect on RT, it left TOJ completely unaffected. To test whether this dissociation was due to the sharp (high SF) horizontal edges of the gratings, a second experiment was carried out with circular stimuli with no sharp edges. These stimuli did produce an effect of SF on TOJ, but it was significantly smaller than was the effect on RT. In experiment 3 we confirmed that this difference was not due to differences in grating orientation between the first two experiments. These findings (a) solve discrepancies between findings reported in the literature and (b) strongly suggest that RT and TOJ cannot be regarded as converging operations for determining ‘visual latency’. This dissociation can best be accounted for by assuming that the output of early stimulus analysis can feed directly into the motor system (direct parameter specification), whereas the conscious representation that is used for TOJ is based on later integrative processes.

Temporal order judgment characteristics at the offset of auditory-visual stimuli

2012 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 3536-3536
Author(s):  
Junji Yoshida ◽  
Kouhei Ueda ◽  
Hiroshi Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Order ◽  
Temporal Order Judgment ◽  
Visual Stimuli

I before U: Temporal order judgements reveal bias for self-owned objects

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merryn D Constable ◽  
Timothy N Welsh ◽  
Greg Huffman ◽  
Jay Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Perceptual Bias ◽  
Relevant Stimulus ◽  
Onset Delay ◽  
Point Of Subjective Simultaneity ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Subjective Simultaneity ◽  
Temporal Order Judgement ◽  
Central Fixation

A multitude of studies demonstrate that self-relevant stimuli influence attention. Self-owned objects are a special class of self-relevant stimuli. If a self-owned object can indeed be characterised as a self-relevant stimulus then, consistent with theoretical predictions, a behavioural effect of ownership on attention should be present. To test this prediction, a task was selected that is known to be particularly sensitive measure of the prioritisation of visual information: the temporal order judgement. Participants completed temporal order judgements with pictures of “own” and “experimenter” owned objects (mugs) presented on either side of a central fixation cross. There was a variable onset delay between each picture, ranging between 0 ms and 105 ms, and participants were asked to indicate which mug appeared first. The results indicated a reliable change in the point of subjective simultaneity (PSS) in favour of their own mug. Such a change in the PSS was not observed for two groups of participants who were exposed to a mug but did not keep the mug. A further experiment indicated that the source of the bias in PSS was more consistent with a criterion shift or top-down attentional prioritisation rather than a perceptual bias. These findings suggest that ownership, beyond mere-touch, mere-choice, or familiarity, leads to prioritised processing and responses, but the mechanism underlying the effect is not likely to be perceptual in nature.

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