Levels of Stimulus Processing by the Squirrel Monkey: Relative and Absolute Judgements Compared

Perception ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan O McGonigle ◽  
Barry T Jones
Keyword(s):  
Squirrel Monkey ◽  
Squirrel Monkeys ◽  
Transformation Techniques ◽  
Stimulus Processing ◽  
Set Size ◽  
Processing Demands ◽  
Stimulus Transformation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Absolute Basis ◽  
Selection Of

Nine squirrel monkeys were required to select from various sets of stimuli—differing in size or brightness—either in terms of relational criteria or on an absolute stimulus basis. The level of information processing required by each task was assessed by means of stimulus transformation techniques, variations in set size, and by the elimination of the visible context. It was found that some relational judgements make fewer processing demands on the subject than do absolute stimulus judgements; the ‘middle’ relation, however, appears much more difficult to use than selection of a stimulus on an absolute basis and may be beyond the competence of the squirrel monkey. The results are seen as support for the thesis as advanced by McGonigle and Jones that the criteria of judgement, when varied, change the depth of stimulus processing by monkey as well as man.

Effects of Species-Specific Vocalizations On the Behaviour of Surrogate-Reared Squirrel Monkeys

Behaviour ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 86 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 197-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrid Hopf ◽  
Michael Herzog
Keyword(s):  
Squirrel Monkey ◽  
Test Object ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Squirrel Monkeys ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Object A ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Mother Surrogate

AbstractThis is a contribution to the study of the communicative behaviour in a primate, the squirrel monkey (Saimin). It will be shown whether socially inexperienced infants respond differentially to species-specific vocalizations. Six squirrel monkeys were separated from their mothers and conspecifics on the day of birth and surrogate-reared up to their 3rd month of age. In order to counteract general deprivation effects, the subjects received visual, auditory and vestibular stimulation, in addition to the constant presence of the mother surrogate and manipulanda. From the 2nd week on subjects were presented a test object 3-6 times daily. The object was so designed as to elicit behaviour which would usually be directed to conspecifics. When the subjects were able to locomote freely in their cage and approach the object on their own, the following experiment was carried out: Upon each physical contact by the subject with the object, a sound was played back by a loudspeaker hidden in the object. During any 8-min. session only one of five preselected sounds was used. The effect of two vocalizations, caw and cackle, known to be aversive in squirrel monkey groups, was compared to that of two non-aversive ones, twitter and play peep, and a neutral control tone. Caw and cackle resulted in low overall contact and less varied and less playful activities toward the test object. Subjects also were facing the objects more from a distance and spent more time in contact with the mother surrogate as their security figure. Twitter and play peep resulted in an opposite pattern. These findings indicate a genetically preprogrammed basis for perception and processing of species-specific vocalizations.

Thomas More’s Correspondence in a Spanish Ambiance

Moreana ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (Number 149) (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenio M. Olivares Merino
Keyword(s):  
The Subject ◽  
Selection Of

The recent reprinting of Álvaro de Silva’s 1998 edition of a selection of More’s letters prompts the author to examine the subject of Spanish translations of More, and of de Silva’s general commentary on More’s correspondence and on his relationship to other humanists. The author reflects on aspects of More’s personality as exposed in his letters and uses what he finds as a corrective to several biographical misconceptions. He points out the strengths and weaknesses of de Silva’s work and compares it with that of other translators, particularly Elizabeth Rogers, and notes the particularly Spanish quality of de Silva’s edition.

Tanks in the Spa Town. The New Book about the Events of the Year 1968 in Czechoslovakia

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 278-282
Author(s):  
Kirill A. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Fiftieth Anniversary ◽  
Warsaw Pact ◽  
Scientific Event ◽  
The Social ◽  
Prague Spring ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Terms ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Regional Perspective ◽  
The Way

This review is devoted to the monograph by Jan Nedvěd “We do not decline our heads. The events of the year 1968 in Karlovy Vary”. The Karlovy Vary municipal museum coincided its publishing with the fiftieth anniversary of the Prague spring which, considering the way of the presentation, turned the book not only to scientific event but also to the social one. The book describes sociopolitical trends in the region before the year 1968, the development of the reformist movement, the invasion and advance of the armies of the Warsaw Pact countries, and finally the decline of the reformist mood and the beginning of the normalization. Working on his writing, the author deeply studied the materials of the local archive and gathered the unique selection of the photographs depicting the passage of the soviet army through the spa town and the protest actions of its inhabitants. In the meantime, Nedvěd takes undue freedom with scientific terms, and his selection of historiography raises questions. The author bases his research on the Czech papers and scarcely uses the books of Russian origin. He also did not study the subject of the participating of the GDR’s army in the operation Danube, although these troops were concentrated on the borders of Karlovy Vary region as well. Because of this decision, there are no materials from German archives or historiography in the monograph. In general, the work lacks the width of studying its subject, but it definitively accomplishes the task of depicting the Prague spring from the regional perspective.

Determination of integral indicators characterizing the possibility of accommodating the evacuated population in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
pp. 154851292097028
Author(s):  
Yernar Zh Akimbayev ◽  
Zhumabek Kh Akhmetov ◽  
Murat S Kuanyshbaev ◽  
Arman T Abdykalykov ◽  
Rashid V Ibrayev
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Inaccurate Information ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Integrated Indicators ◽  
Selection Of

Studying the historical facts of past wars and armed conflicts and natural and man-made emergencies, today in the Republic of Kazakhstan one of the most important security issues is the preparation and organization of the evacuation of the population from possible dangerous zones, taking into account the emergence of new threats to the country’s security. The paper presents an algorithm for constructing universal scales of the distribution function of opportunities by types of support and rebuilding them into subject scales using display functions. The purpose of the paper is to determine the integral indicators characterizing the possibility of accommodation of the evacuated population and the impact on resources during relocation. On the subject scales of cities and districts of the region, indicators of the possibility of relocation of a certain amount of the evacuated population by types of support and indicators characterizing the impact on the district’s resources during resettlement of a certain amount of the evacuated population are determined. It was concluded that the use of integrated indicators allows the selection of areas to accommodate the evacuated population without the use of statistical data, in conditions of incomplete and inaccurate information. The presented method does not replace traditional methods based on classical methods of territory assessment by the level of life sustenance, but also allows their reasonable combination with the experience of specialists in this field, taking into account the incompleteness, uncertainty, and inconsistency of the initial data of the study area, which does not allow the application of existing methods.

Singular agreement in there-existentials

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Collins
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Relative Influence ◽  
Evolutionary Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Characteristic Style ◽  
Selection Of

The phenomenon of “singular agreement” (“SA”) in there-existentials — the combination of a plural post-verbal notional subject and a singular verb — has been the subject of a number of studies which have confirmed its covariation with a range of social, stylistic and grammatical factors. Whereas the focus of most such studies has been on the relative influence of these factors, that of the present study is on the nature and frequency of SA across (a selection of eight) World Englishes. Beginning with the assumption, for which there is indirect evidence in the literature, that SA is on the rise in contemporary English, an attempt is made to relate the degree of advancement of the eight varieties to their evolutionary status and characteristic style orientations.

Catacomb culture wagons of the Eurasian steppes

Antiquity ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (340) ◽  
pp. 378-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.I. Shishlina ◽  
D.S. Kovalev ◽  
E.R. Ibragimova
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Catacomb Culture

The origin and development of wheeled vehicles continues to fascinate today no less than when Stuart Piggott (1974) first wrote about the subject inAntiquity40 years ago. A growing number of examples from the steppes of southern Russia and Ukraine are providing new insights into the design and construction of these complex artefacts. A recent example from the Ulan IV burial mound illustrates the techniques employed and the mastery of materials, with careful selection of the kinds of wood used for the wheels, axles and other elements. Stable isotope analysis of the individual interred in this grave showed that he had travelled widely, emphasising the mobility of steppe populations.

THE CONCEPT, TYPES, TASKS AND THE NEED FOR THE USE OF URGENT INVESTMENT TOOLS OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT AT ENTERPRISES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Yurynets ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
Selection Of

Currently, many Ukrainian enterprises are in crisis. Getting out of this situation requires the use of various types of urgent crisis management tools, among which investment instruments play an important role. The purpose of this article is to form the theoretical basis for the use of urgent investment tools of crisis management at enterprises. It was found that the urgent investment tools of crisis management in the enterprise should be understood as ways of immediate (urgent) investment actions which are aimed at eliminating or reducing the negative impact of the crisis on the economic condition of the enterprise and ensuring its further effective development. These instruments are grouped according to the following characteristics: the environment in which the relevant instruments are formed and operate, the relation to the current owners of the enterprise, the effectiveness of implementation, the duration of the effect of implementing instruments, the urgency of their implementation, the areas of investment, the objectives of application, the duration of application, the types of financial and economic crises at the enterprise, the elimination (reduction) of the negative influence of which the corresponding tools are directed at, the subject of investment. It is established that the main tasks of using investment urgent tools of anti-crisis management at the enterprises are: selection of the best types of investment urgent tools of anti-crisis management; selection of the best variant of each type of urgent investment tools of crisis management; setting deadlines for the implementation of selected types and options for urgent tools of crisis management at the enterprise; determination of the optimal amount of total investments that should be invested in the implementation of the crisis management program at the enterprise, and the corresponding to this volume of the general list of investment urgent tools of such management; identifying the best sources of investment and establishing the best structure of investment in terms of these sources.

Properties of superior vestibular nucleus neurons projecting to the cerebellar flocculus in the squirrel monkey

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 642-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zhang ◽  
A. M. Partsalis ◽  
S. M. Highstein
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Squirrel Monkey ◽  
Vestibular Nucleus ◽  
Squirrel Monkeys ◽  
Eye Position ◽  
Oculomotor Nucleus ◽  
Position Sensitivity ◽  
Cerebellar Flocculus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Superior Vestibular Nucleus

1. Properties of superior vestibular nucleus (SVN) neurons and their projection to the cerebellar flocculus were studied in alert squirrel monkeys by using chronic unit and eye movement recording and microstimulation techniques. Twenty-three cells were antidromically activated from the ipsilateral flocculus, and seventeen of these were also orthodromically activated from the ipsilateral VIIth nerve at monosynaptic latencies. Only 1 of these 23 units was also inhibited by flocculus stimulation. According to their response properties, 9 of the cells were pure vestibular, 2 were vestibular-pause, and 12 were position-vestibular cells. The mean eye position sensitivity of these position-vestibular cells was significantly lower than that of cells projecting to the oculomotor nucleus (OMN). No eye movement-only neurons were antidromically activated from the flocculus. No cells could be antidromically activated from both the oculomotor nucleus and the flocculus.

scholarly journals Managing Herbicide Resistance: Listening to the Perspectives of Practitioners. Procedures for Conducting Listening Sessions and an Evaluation of the Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Schroeder ◽  
Michael Barrett ◽  
David R. Shaw ◽  
Amy B. Asmus ◽  
Harold Coble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Full Group ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Small Group Discussions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractSeven half-day regional listening sessions were held between December 2016 and April 2017 with groups of diverse stakeholders on the issues and potential solutions for herbicide-resistance management. The objective of the listening sessions was to connect with stakeholders and hear their challenges and recommendations for addressing herbicide resistance. The coordinating team hired Strategic Conservation Solutions, LLC, to facilitate all the sessions. They and the coordinating team used in-person meetings, teleconferences, and email to communicate and coordinate the activities leading up to each regional listening session. The agenda was the same across all sessions and included small-group discussions followed by reporting to the full group for discussion. The planning process was the same across all the sessions, although the selection of venue, time of day, and stakeholder participants differed to accommodate the differences among regions. The listening-session format required a great deal of work and flexibility on the part of the coordinating team and regional coordinators. Overall, the participant evaluations from the sessions were positive, with participants expressing appreciation that they were asked for their thoughts on the subject of herbicide resistance. This paper details the methods and processes used to conduct these regional listening sessions and provides an assessment of the strengths and limitations of those processes.

scholarly journals From the theory to practice: Five years of urban regeneration workshops

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Raimundo Bambó-Naya ◽  
Pablo De la Cal-Nicolás ◽  
Carmen Díez-Medina ◽  
Sergio García-Pérez ◽  
Javier Monclús-Fraga
Keyword(s):  
Urban Regeneration ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Teaching Innovation ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Academic Courses ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University ◽  
Previous Phase ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of this communication is to present the experience of four academic courses in the subject of Integrated Urban and Landscape Design, taught in the framework of the Master in Architecture of the School of Engineering and Architecture of the University of Zaragoza. It addresses urban regeneration interventions in vulnerable areas of the consolidated city with approaches to teaching innovation in the academic field and in the topic of user participation.The workshop methodology is explained in detail, paying more attention to the process followed than to the specific results of the workshop. The different stages of the process are presented: previous phase and selection of the study area, phase of analysis and diagnosis, phase of proposals, where a joint work is carried out with vision of action in the whole of the neighbourhood, and phase of presentation of the results to the Neighbours. Finally, some future challenges of this workshop are outlined.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document